The Global Risks Index · GRX-IDX-ENV · VUL Human and systems vulnerability
环境压力指数
0–10 index of environmental pressure and ecosystem condition combining air pollution, land and forest degradation, biodiversity status, ocean condition and waste pressure.
Page GRX-IDX-ENVEdition Baseline Edition 2026Evidence close 2026-09-30Indicator Standard IDX.ENV.biodiversity.environmental_pressureValues not yet publishedMethod v1.0.0-draft
FIG 1 · Method card
Aggregation
arithmetic
equal weights · floor 0.1 where geometric
不确定性
1,000 draws
normalisation, weights, aggregation, imputation
结构
5 components
16 leaf indicators
覆盖范围
60% minimum
modelled share ≤ 20%
16
leaf indicators
5
components
1,000
Monte Carlo draws
7
series read it
01Construction
From indicators to the composite
The environmental dimension of a place profile: where ecological decline is eroding health, livelihoods and natural protection against hazards.
computation
How Environmental pressure is computedGraph24 nodes
流程图
01指标
02Sub-indices
03Domain index
04支柱
05综合
100%
索引
- PM2.5 风险暴露，人口加权平均值Indicator · IND · ug/m3Annual mean concentration of fine particulate matter (diameter 2.5 micrometres or less) to which residents are exposed, weighting satellite- and model-derived surface concentrations by population.
- 暴露浓度高于 WHO PM2.5 指导值的人口占比Indicator · IND · %Share of residents living where annual mean PM2.5 exceeds the 2021 WHO air-quality guideline of 5 micrograms per cubic metre.
- 季节性臭氧峰值风险暴露Indicator · IND · ppbPopulation-weighted mean of the highest six-month running average of daily maximum eight-hour ozone concentration, in parts per billion.
- 年树木覆盖损失率Indicator · IND · %Area of tree cover (canopy 30% or more in the 2000 baseline) removed or killed in the year, from Landsat-based change detection, as a percentage of the 2000 tree cover area; the five-year mean is carried alongside.
- 退化土地，占陆地面积比重Indicator · IND · %Share of land degraded according to the one-out-all-out combination of declining land cover, land productivity and soil organic carbon over the reporting period.
- 森林面积，占陆地面积比重Indicator · IND · %Land spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees taller than 5 metres and canopy cover above 10%, excluding land predominantly in agricultural or urban use, as a percentage of land area.
- 红色名录指数Indicator · IND · 1Index from 0 (all species extinct) to 1 (all species least concern) of aggregate extinction risk across comprehensively assessed species groups, nationally disaggregated.
- 生物多样性完整性指数Indicator · IND · 1Modelled average abundance of originally present species across the area relative to an undisturbed reference, from 0 to 1, based on land use and its intensity.
- 保护区覆盖的关键生物多样性区域Indicator · IND · %Average share of each terrestrial and freshwater key biodiversity area that lies inside protected or conserved areas, by ecosystem type.
- 沿海富营养化指数Indicator · IND · %Deviation of coastal chlorophyll-a concentration from its long-term baseline within the exclusive economic zone, from satellite ocean-colour data, as a share of the coastal area with high deviation.
- 平均海洋酸度（pH）Indicator · IND · pHAverage surface seawater pH measured at representative sampling stations in the country’s waters.
- 每年海洋热浪日数Indicator · IND · d/aAverage annual number of days on which sea surface temperature in the country’s waters exceeds the seasonally varying 90th percentile of a 1982–2011 baseline for five or more consecutive days.
- 处于生物可持续水平内的鱼类种群Indicator · IND · %Share of assessed marine fish stocks whose abundance is at or above the level producing maximum sustainable yield.
- 人均城市固体废物产生量Indicator · IND · kg/a/personMass of municipal solid waste generated per resident per year, from national or city waste statistics.
- 在受控设施中处理的城市固体废物Indicator · IND · %Share of municipal solid waste generated that is collected and then managed in controlled recovery or disposal facilities.
- 人均管理不善的塑料废物Indicator · IND · kg/a/personMass of plastic waste per resident per year that is littered, openly burned or disposed of in uncontrolled dumps, from waste-flow models.
- Air pollution sub-indexSub-index · SUB · w 1 · 25.0%Composite of population-weighted PM2.5 exposure, the share above the WHO guideline and seasonal peak ozone.
- Land and forest degradation sub-indexSub-index · SUB · w 1 · 25.0%Composite of tree cover loss rate, degraded land share and forest cover.
- Biodiversity status sub-indexSub-index · SUB · w 1 · 25.0%Composite of the Red List Index, the Biodiversity Intactness Index and protection of key biodiversity areas.
- Ocean condition sub-indexSub-index · SUB · w 0.5 · 12.5%Composite of coastal eutrophication, marine acidity, marine heatwave days and the share of sustainably fished stocks.
- Waste pressure sub-indexSub-index · SUB · w 0.5 · 12.5%Composite of municipal solid waste generation, the share managed in controlled facilities and mismanaged plastic waste.
- 环境压力指数Domain index · IDX · arithmetic0–10 index of environmental pressure and ecosystem condition combining air pollution, land and forest degradation, biodiversity status, ocean condition and waste pressure.
- 人类与系统脆弱性Pillar · PILLAR · 8 indicesHow susceptible are people, livelihoods, ecosystems and essential systems to harm when a shock arrives?
- NXS-GRX (canonical data, provenance and risk) Composite RiskComposite · COMPOSITE · four pillarsComposite = (HTE × VUL × MSF × LCC)^(1/4), each pillar on 0–10 floored at 0.1; pillar = expert-weighted geometric mean of its domain indices
未运行进行中已完成
02Simulator
Run this index’s own aggregation
Set each component, change the aggregation or the weight uncertainty, and watch the interval, the class probability and each component’s contribution respond.
FIG 3 · Simulator: aggregate environmental pressure on your numbers
Components (0 to 10)
–
在您的浏览器中运行
Contribution of each component (leave one out)
03方法
Treatment, normalisation, weighting, aggregation, uncertainty
- Treatment
- WINSORISE
- Outlier rule
- |skew| > 2, kurtosis > 3.5
- Normalisation
- min–max rescaling
- Imputation
- NONE
- Coverage minimum
- 60% of components
- Modelled share cap
- 20% of weight
- Weighting
- equal
- Aggregation
- arithmetic
- Scale
- 0 to 10
- 不确定性
- 1,000 Monte Carlo runs over normalisation, weights, aggregation, imputation
- Framework basis
- Yale EPI 2026 (structure only); UN SEEA Ecosystem Accounting; OECD/JRC Handbook (2008)
很低0.0 至 < 2.0
低2.0 至 < 3.5
中3.5 至 < 5.0
高5.0 至 < 6.5
很高6.5 至 10.0
04Components
5 components, 16 indicators
Air pollution sub-index w 1
Composite of population-weighted PM2.5 exposure, the share above the WHO guideline and seasonal peak ozone.
| 指标 | 单位 | 证据 | 来源 | 占比 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
PM2.5 风险暴露，人口加权平均值IND.ENV.air.pm25_exposure | ug/m3 | Class C | wb-wdi, who-ambient-air-quality-database, acag-satellite-pm25, copernicus-cams | 50.0% |
暴露浓度高于 WHO PM2.5 指导值的人口占比IND.ENV.air.pm25_guideline_exceedance.share | % | Class C | wb-wdi, acag-satellite-pm25, jrc-ghsl-ghs-pop | 25.0% |
季节性臭氧峰值风险暴露IND.ENV.air.ozone_exposure | [ppb] | Class C | state-of-global-air, copernicus-cams, toar | 25.0% |
Land and forest degradation sub-index w 1
Composite of tree cover loss rate, degraded land share and forest cover.
| 指标 | 单位 | 证据 | 来源 | 占比 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
年树木覆盖损失率IND.ENV.land.tree_cover_loss.share | % | Class C | gfw-umd-tree-cover-loss | 40.0% |
退化土地，占陆地面积比重IND.ENV.land.land_degradation.share | % | Class C | unccd-prais, trends-earth | 40.0% |
森林面积，占陆地面积比重IND.ENV.land.forest_cover.share | % | Class B | fao-fra, wb-wdi | 20.0% |
Biodiversity status sub-index w 1
Composite of the Red List Index, the Biodiversity Intactness Index and protection of key biodiversity areas.
| 指标 | 单位 | 证据 | 来源 | 占比 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
红色名录指数IND.ENV.biodiversity.red_list_index | 1 | Class B | iucn-red-list, un-sdg-database | 33.3% |
生物多样性完整性指数IND.ENV.biodiversity.biodiversity_intactness | 1 | Class C | nhm-predicts-bii | 33.3% |
保护区覆盖的关键生物多样性区域IND.ENV.biodiversity.key_biodiversity_area_protected.share | % | Class B | kba-partnership, wdpa-protected-planet, un-sdg-database | 33.3% |
Ocean condition sub-index w 0.5
Composite of coastal eutrophication, marine acidity, marine heatwave days and the share of sustainably fished stocks.
| 指标 | 单位 | 证据 | 来源 | 占比 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
沿海富营养化指数IND.ENV.ocean.coastal_eutrophication | % | Class C | unep-global-environment-monitoring, copernicus-marine | 25.0% |
平均海洋酸度（pH）IND.ENV.ocean.ocean_acidity | [pH] | Class B | ioc-unesco-sdg1431-portal, socat | 25.0% |
每年海洋热浪日数IND.ENV.ocean.marine_heatwave_days | d/a | Class C | noaa-oisst, copernicus-marine | 25.0% |
处于生物可持续水平内的鱼类种群IND.ENV.ocean.sustainable_fish_stocks.share | % | Class B | fao-fisheries-sofia | 25.0% |
Waste pressure sub-index w 0.5
Composite of municipal solid waste generation, the share managed in controlled facilities and mismanaged plastic waste.
| 指标 | 单位 | 证据 | 来源 | 占比 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
人均城市固体废物产生量IND.ENV.pollution.msw_generation.pc | kg/a/{person} | Class B | wb-what-a-waste, unstats-environment-waste, unep-global-waste-outlook | 33.3% |
在受控设施中处理的城市固体废物IND.ENV.pollution.msw_controlled_management.share | % | Class B | un-habitat-waste-wise-cities, un-sdg-database | 33.3% |
人均管理不善的塑料废物IND.ENV.pollution.mismanaged_plastic_waste.pc | kg/a/{person} | Class D | oecd-global-plastics-outlook, peer-reviewed-plastic-flow-models | 33.3% |
05领域
环境与生物多样性
Pollution, ecosystem condition, land and biodiversity, and nature dependence.
| Sub-domain | 指标 |
|---|---|
| 空气质量 | 3 |
| Land and forests | 5 |
| 生物多样性 | 4 |
| Ocean | 5 |
| Pollution and waste | 3 |
| Nature dependence | 2 |
Anchor frameworks (pillar structure and definitions only): Yale EPI 2026; UN SEEA; TNFD; ESRS E2-E5; SDG 14, 15.
06指标
All 22 environment and biodiversity indicators
FIG 4 · Indicators in scope, by domain and sub-domain
| 指标 | 领域 | Sub-domain | 组件 | 单位 | 级别 | Crosswalks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PM2.5 风险暴露，人口加权平均值IND.ENV.air.pm25_exposure | ENV | 空气质量 | hazard | ug/m3 | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | WB_WDI EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3 SDG 11.6.2 EPI PMD |
暴露浓度高于 WHO PM2.5 指导值的人口占比IND.ENV.air.pm25_guideline_exceedance.share | ENV | 空气质量 | exposure | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | WB_WDI EN.ATM.PM25.MC.ZS |
季节性臭氧峰值风险暴露IND.ENV.air.ozone_exposure | ENV | 空气质量 | hazard | [ppb] | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | |
陆地面积IND.ENV.land.land_area | ENV | Land and forests | context | km2 | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY | WB_WDI AG.LND.TOTL.K2 |
森林面积，占陆地面积比重IND.ENV.land.forest_cover.share | ENV | Land and forests | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY, ADM1 | SDG 15.1.1 WB_WDI AG.LND.FRST.ZS |
年树木覆盖损失率IND.ENV.land.tree_cover_loss.share | ENV | Land and forests | hazard | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRID | EPI TCL |
退化土地，占陆地面积比重IND.ENV.land.land_degradation.share | ENV | Land and forests | hazard | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | SDG 15.3.1 |
道路密度IND.ENV.land.road_density | ENV | Land and forests | hazard | km/km2 | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
红色名录指数IND.ENV.biodiversity.red_list_index | ENV | 生物多样性 | vulnerability | 1 | GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRY | SDG 15.5.1 |
生物多样性完整性指数IND.ENV.biodiversity.biodiversity_intactness | ENV | 生物多样性 | vulnerability | 1 | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
陆地保护区，占陆地面积比重IND.ENV.biodiversity.terrestrial_protected.share | ENV | 生物多样性 | response | % | COUNTRY, ADM1 | WB_WDI ER.LND.PTLD.ZS |
保护区覆盖的关键生物多样性区域IND.ENV.biodiversity.key_biodiversity_area_protected.share | ENV | 生物多样性 | response | % | COUNTRY, REGION | SDG 15.1.2 |
海洋保护区，占领海面积比重IND.ENV.ocean.marine_protected.share | ENV | Ocean | response | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS SDG 14.5.1 |
沿海富营养化指数IND.ENV.ocean.coastal_eutrophication | ENV | Ocean | hazard | % | COUNTRY, REGION | SDG 14.1.1 |
平均海洋酸度（pH）IND.ENV.ocean.ocean_acidity | ENV | Ocean | hazard | [pH] | COUNTRY, REGION, SITE | SDG 14.3.1 |
处于生物可持续水平内的鱼类种群IND.ENV.ocean.sustainable_fish_stocks.share | ENV | Ocean | vulnerability | % | GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRY | SDG 14.4.1 |
每年海洋热浪日数IND.ENV.ocean.marine_heatwave_days | ENV | Ocean | hazard | d/a | COUNTRY, REGION, GRID | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0708 |
人均城市固体废物产生量IND.ENV.pollution.msw_generation.pc | ENV | Pollution and waste | hazard | kg/a/{person} | COUNTRY, CITY | |
在受控设施中处理的城市固体废物IND.ENV.pollution.msw_controlled_management.share | ENV | Pollution and waste | coping capacity | % | COUNTRY, CITY | SDG 11.6.1 EPI MSW |
人均管理不善的塑料废物IND.ENV.pollution.mismanaged_plastic_waste.pc | ENV | Pollution and waste | hazard | kg/a/{person} | COUNTRY, ADM1 | |
高度依赖自然的行业 GDP 占比IND.ENV.nature_dependence.nature_dependent_gdp.share | ENV | Nature dependence | exposure | % | COUNTRY, PORTFOLIO | |
依赖动物授粉的作物产值占比IND.ENV.nature_dependence.pollinator_dependent_crops.share | ENV | Nature dependence | exposure | % | COUNTRY, ADM1 |
07引用
Environmental pressure index, world
The world reading of this index, every country as a tile and the largest movements since the previous edition.
NXS-GRX · ENV · 195 profiles · 0–10 scale
Environmental pressure index, world
–
数值随版本发布；区间、类别和变化将显示在这里。
- 上一版
- –
- Range since 2016
- –
- 耦合综合
- –
- 耦合得分 S
- –
- 脉搏，最近一周
- –
- Outlook, 12 months
- –
- 方法
- Indicator Standard 1.0 · NXS-GRX 2026
- 抽样次数
- 1,000
Environmental pressure index, world, by edition
尚无已发布的数值。第一版发布后将在这里绘制历史，并附区间带和类别边界。
非洲54
美洲35
亚洲48
欧洲44
暂无变动。 自第二版起，与上一版相比的变化将在此列出，并附上驱动这些变化的指标。
08数值
Country values
FIG 5 · Environmental pressure index: countries (values when released)
正在加载地图
Equal Earth · Natural Earth 1:110mValues when released
- 瓦片
/api/v1/public/grix/risk-products/tiles/env/{z}/{x}/{y}.mvt- 观测键
nis:IDX.ENV.biodiversity.environmental_pressure:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A
09系列
Series that read this index
GLBGlobal SystemsThe state of interdependent global risk: the twenty domain indices aggregated to the world, the five core systems (water, energy, food, health, biodiversity) and their couplings, the global tail register and the gap between perceived and measured risk.→ GS-11Global BiodiversityEnvironmental pressure, ecosystem condition, nature dependency of economies and the nature–climate–water–food feedbacks.→ GS-12Global Earth observationWhat Earth observation can and cannot see of risk: coverage, revisit, latency and the observing systems behind NXS-GRX.→ SR-04MineralsCritical-mineral concentration, processing dependency, price and export-restriction risk, and the environmental and social footprint of extraction.→ SR-09Planetary boundariesEarth-system boundaries and tipping elements as slow-onset, high-impact risk.→ XT-18Climate intervention technologiesCarbon removal and proposed climate interventions: physical, governance and termination risks, read from published assessments only.→ TH-01Nexus InterdependencyThe water, energy, food, health and biodiversity systems read together: drought to energy stress, energy disruption to health stress, biodiversity loss to food-system stress, flood to water contamination, heat to health and grid stress, cyber-physical disruption across all five.→
10Validity
Crosswalks and validity checks
Crosswalks map leaf indicators to source code lists; established indices are used for validity checks, never re-weighted as inputs.
| Code system | Leaf indicators mapped |
|---|---|
SDG | 9 |
WB_WDI | 3 |
EPI | 3 |
UNDRR_HIPS_2025 | 1 |
11贯穿 Nexus
Platforms, standards and ways to take part
Field and service platforms of GCRI, GRF and GRA, the Nexus Risk Standards for this domain, learning, working groups and open calls. Every link is a live page.
12引用
引用与再利用
GCRI Canada (2026). The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX): Environmental pressure index (GRX-IDX-ENV), Baseline Edition 2026. Preparatory working draft. https://risksindex.com/indices/environmental-pressure/ UNI NXS-GRX-AR-000120.
See this index in every country profile
Each profile shows this index with its interval and class once released.
状态
The Global Risks Index 的方法、结构和定义为预备性工作草案（2026），供审阅和评论，不供实施。在从受治理的证据截取中发布版本之前，不会出现任何数值；届时数值将附有区间、类别、来源及其更正途径。模拟器以您选择的数字运行已发布的方法，绝不显示 NXS-GRX 数值。
NXS-GRX 不是什么
NXS-GRX 是研究和风险分析信息。它不是信用评级或 ESG 评级，不使用任何评级尺度；它不是金融工具的基准，不是官方统计，不是紧急警报或官方分类，也不是建议。不得用于评估自然人。风险等级是已发布尺度上的区间，绝不是对国家或个人的排名。
机构与来源
The Nexus Consortium is stewarded by three independent not-for-profit institutions: The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), through GCRI US in Washington, DC and GCRI Canada in Ontario, with GCRI Canada as Lead Institution, Consortium Secretariat and lead contracting organisation; The Global Risks Forum (GRF); and The Global Risks Alliance (GRA). Technology, infrastructure and service providers work with the Consortium at arm’s length under written agreements, like every other external party in the public-private-planet model, and hold no role in its stewardship.
每个数值均附有其来源的署名，这些来源保留各自的许可。外部名称仅为互操作性而引用。Nexus 撰写的文本拟在发布时采用 CC BY 4.0。
Avis en français
La méthodologie et les définitions du NXS-GRX sont un projet de travail préparatoire (2026). Le NXS-GRX est une information de recherche et d’analyse des risques : ni notation, ni indice de référence financier, ni statistique officielle, ni alerte, ni conseil. Les classes de risque sont des bandes sur une échelle publiée, non des classements.