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Il Global Risks Index
The Global Risks Index · GRX-IDX-ENV · VUL Human and systems vulnerability

Indice di pressione ambientale

0–10 index of environmental pressure and ecosystem condition combining air pollution, land and forest degradation, biodiversity status, ocean condition and waste pressure.

Construction Simulator Indicators
Page GRX-IDX-ENVEdition Baseline Edition 2026Evidence close 2026-09-30Indicator Standard IDX.ENV.biodiversity.environmental_pressureValues not yet publishedMethod v1.0.0-draft
FIG 1 · Method card
Aggregation

arithmetic

equal weights · floor 0.1 where geometric

Incertezza

1,000 draws

normalisation, weights, aggregation, imputation

Struttura

5 components

16 leaf indicators

Copertura

60% minimum

modelled share ≤ 20%

From the Indicator Standard definition of this index.
16
leaf indicators
5
components
1,000
Monte Carlo draws
7
series read it
01Construction

From indicators to the composite

The environmental dimension of a place profile: where ecological decline is eroding health, livelihoods and natural protection against hazards.

computation
How Environmental pressure is computed
Graph24 nodes
Grafo
01Indicatori
02Sub-indices
03Domain index
04Pilastro
05Composito
100%
Indice
  1. Esposizione al PM2.5, media ponderata per la popolazione
    Indicator · IND · ug/m3
    Annual mean concentration of fine particulate matter (diameter 2.5 micrometres or less) to which residents are exposed, weighting satellite- and model-derived surface concentrations by population.
  2. Popolazione esposta oltre il valore guida OMS per il PM2.5, quota
    Indicator · IND · %
    Share of residents living where annual mean PM2.5 exceeds the 2021 WHO air-quality guideline of 5 micrograms per cubic metre.
  3. Esposizione stagionale ai picchi di ozono
    Indicator · IND · ppb
    Population-weighted mean of the highest six-month running average of daily maximum eight-hour ozone concentration, in parts per billion.
  4. Tasso annuo di perdita di copertura arborea
    Indicator · IND · %
    Area of tree cover (canopy 30% or more in the 2000 baseline) removed or killed in the year, from Landsat-based change detection, as a percentage of the 2000 tree cover area; the five-year mean is carried alongside.
  5. Terreni degradati, quota della superficie terrestre
    Indicator · IND · %
    Share of land degraded according to the one-out-all-out combination of declining land cover, land productivity and soil organic carbon over the reporting period.
  6. Superficie forestale, quota della superficie terrestre
    Indicator · IND · %
    Land spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees taller than 5 metres and canopy cover above 10%, excluding land predominantly in agricultural or urban use, as a percentage of land area.
  7. Indice della Lista Rossa
    Indicator · IND · 1
    Index from 0 (all species extinct) to 1 (all species least concern) of aggregate extinction risk across comprehensively assessed species groups, nationally disaggregated.
  8. Indice di integrità della biodiversità
    Indicator · IND · 1
    Modelled average abundance of originally present species across the area relative to an undisturbed reference, from 0 to 1, based on land use and its intensity.
  9. Aree chiave per la biodiversità coperte da aree protette
    Indicator · IND · %
    Average share of each terrestrial and freshwater key biodiversity area that lies inside protected or conserved areas, by ecosystem type.
  10. Indice di eutrofizzazione costiera
    Indicator · IND · %
    Deviation of coastal chlorophyll-a concentration from its long-term baseline within the exclusive economic zone, from satellite ocean-colour data, as a share of the coastal area with high deviation.
  11. Acidità marina media (pH)
    Indicator · IND · pH
    Average surface seawater pH measured at representative sampling stations in the country’s waters.
  12. Giorni di ondata di calore marina all'anno
    Indicator · IND · d/a
    Average annual number of days on which sea surface temperature in the country’s waters exceeds the seasonally varying 90th percentile of a 1982–2011 baseline for five or more consecutive days.
  13. Stock ittici entro livelli biologicamente sostenibili
    Indicator · IND · %
    Share of assessed marine fish stocks whose abundance is at or above the level producing maximum sustainable yield.
  14. Rifiuti solidi urbani prodotti pro capite
    Indicator · IND · kg/a/person
    Mass of municipal solid waste generated per resident per year, from national or city waste statistics.
  15. Rifiuti solidi urbani gestiti in impianti controllati
    Indicator · IND · %
    Share of municipal solid waste generated that is collected and then managed in controlled recovery or disposal facilities.
  16. Rifiuti di plastica gestiti in modo inadeguato pro capite
    Indicator · IND · kg/a/person
    Mass of plastic waste per resident per year that is littered, openly burned or disposed of in uncontrolled dumps, from waste-flow models.
  17. Air pollution sub-index
    Sub-index · SUB · w 1 · 25.0%
    Composite of population-weighted PM2.5 exposure, the share above the WHO guideline and seasonal peak ozone.
  18. Land and forest degradation sub-index
    Sub-index · SUB · w 1 · 25.0%
    Composite of tree cover loss rate, degraded land share and forest cover.
  19. Biodiversity status sub-index
    Sub-index · SUB · w 1 · 25.0%
    Composite of the Red List Index, the Biodiversity Intactness Index and protection of key biodiversity areas.
  20. Ocean condition sub-index
    Sub-index · SUB · w 0.5 · 12.5%
    Composite of coastal eutrophication, marine acidity, marine heatwave days and the share of sustainably fished stocks.
  21. Waste pressure sub-index
    Sub-index · SUB · w 0.5 · 12.5%
    Composite of municipal solid waste generation, the share managed in controlled facilities and mismanaged plastic waste.
  22. Indice di pressione ambientale
    Domain index · IDX · arithmetic
    0–10 index of environmental pressure and ecosystem condition combining air pollution, land and forest degradation, biodiversity status, ocean condition and waste pressure.
  23. Vulnerabilità umana e dei sistemi
    Pillar · PILLAR · 8 indices
    How susceptible are people, livelihoods, ecosystems and essential systems to harm when a shock arrives?
  24. NXS-GRX (canonical data, provenance and risk) Composite Risk
    Composite · COMPOSITE · four pillars
    Composite = (HTE × VUL × MSF × LCC)^(1/4), each pillar on 0–10 floored at 0.1; pillar = expert-weighted geometric mean of its domain indices
Non eseguitoIn corsoCompletato
FIG 2. 16 indicators, 5 components, real Indicator Standard weights (the bar under each node is its share). Select a node to trace what it feeds and what feeds it; Simulate run plays the computation in order. Schematic of the construction; source: Indicator Standard composite definitions.
02Simulator

Run this index’s own aggregation

Set each component, change the aggregation or the weight uncertainty, and watch the interval, the class probability and each component’s contribution respond.

FIG 3 · Simulator: aggregate environmental pressure on your numbers
Components (0 to 10)
3.0
5.0
7.0
4.0
6.0
25
1
–
funziona nel vostro browser
Contribution of each component (leave one out)
Simulator: the index’s published aggregation run on numbers you set, with 1,000 draws over weights and aggregation. The slider positions are starting points for the explainer, not NXS-GRX values. Simulated on your own inputs; not a measured result.
03Metodo

Treatment, normalisation, weighting, aggregation, uncertainty

Treatment
WINSORISE
Outlier rule
|skew| > 2, kurtosis > 3.5
Normalisation
min–max rescaling
Imputation
NONE
Coverage minimum
60% of components
Modelled share cap
20% of weight
Weighting
equal
Aggregation
arithmetic
Scale
0 to 10
Incertezza
1,000 Monte Carlo runs over normalisation, weights, aggregation, imputation
Framework basis
Yale EPI 2026 (structure only); UN SEEA Ecosystem Accounting; OECD/JRC Handbook (2008)
Molto bassoda 0.0 a < 2.0
Bassoda 2.0 a < 3.5
Medioda 3.5 a < 5.0
Altoda 5.0 a < 6.5
Molto altoda 6.5 a 10.0
04Components

5 components, 16 indicators

Air pollution sub-index w 1

Composite of population-weighted PM2.5 exposure, the share above the WHO guideline and seasonal peak ozone.

IndicatoreUnitàEvidenzeFontiQuota
Esposizione al PM2.5, media ponderata per la popolazioneIND.ENV.air.pm25_exposureug/m3Class Cwb-wdi, who-ambient-air-quality-database, acag-satellite-pm25, copernicus-cams50.0%
Popolazione esposta oltre il valore guida OMS per il PM2.5, quotaIND.ENV.air.pm25_guideline_exceedance.share%Class Cwb-wdi, acag-satellite-pm25, jrc-ghsl-ghs-pop25.0%
Esposizione stagionale ai picchi di ozonoIND.ENV.air.ozone_exposure[ppb]Class Cstate-of-global-air, copernicus-cams, toar25.0%

Land and forest degradation sub-index w 1

Composite of tree cover loss rate, degraded land share and forest cover.

IndicatoreUnitàEvidenzeFontiQuota
Tasso annuo di perdita di copertura arboreaIND.ENV.land.tree_cover_loss.share%Class Cgfw-umd-tree-cover-loss40.0%
Terreni degradati, quota della superficie terrestreIND.ENV.land.land_degradation.share%Class Cunccd-prais, trends-earth40.0%
Superficie forestale, quota della superficie terrestreIND.ENV.land.forest_cover.share%Class Bfao-fra, wb-wdi20.0%

Biodiversity status sub-index w 1

Composite of the Red List Index, the Biodiversity Intactness Index and protection of key biodiversity areas.

IndicatoreUnitàEvidenzeFontiQuota
Indice della Lista RossaIND.ENV.biodiversity.red_list_index1Class Biucn-red-list, un-sdg-database33.3%
Indice di integrità della biodiversitàIND.ENV.biodiversity.biodiversity_intactness1Class Cnhm-predicts-bii33.3%
Aree chiave per la biodiversità coperte da aree protetteIND.ENV.biodiversity.key_biodiversity_area_protected.share%Class Bkba-partnership, wdpa-protected-planet, un-sdg-database33.3%

Ocean condition sub-index w 0.5

Composite of coastal eutrophication, marine acidity, marine heatwave days and the share of sustainably fished stocks.

IndicatoreUnitàEvidenzeFontiQuota
Indice di eutrofizzazione costieraIND.ENV.ocean.coastal_eutrophication%Class Cunep-global-environment-monitoring, copernicus-marine25.0%
Acidità marina media (pH)IND.ENV.ocean.ocean_acidity[pH]Class Bioc-unesco-sdg1431-portal, socat25.0%
Giorni di ondata di calore marina all'annoIND.ENV.ocean.marine_heatwave_daysd/aClass Cnoaa-oisst, copernicus-marine25.0%
Stock ittici entro livelli biologicamente sostenibiliIND.ENV.ocean.sustainable_fish_stocks.share%Class Bfao-fisheries-sofia25.0%

Waste pressure sub-index w 0.5

Composite of municipal solid waste generation, the share managed in controlled facilities and mismanaged plastic waste.

IndicatoreUnitàEvidenzeFontiQuota
Rifiuti solidi urbani prodotti pro capiteIND.ENV.pollution.msw_generation.pckg/a/{person}Class Bwb-what-a-waste, unstats-environment-waste, unep-global-waste-outlook33.3%
Rifiuti solidi urbani gestiti in impianti controllatiIND.ENV.pollution.msw_controlled_management.share%Class Bun-habitat-waste-wise-cities, un-sdg-database33.3%
Rifiuti di plastica gestiti in modo inadeguato pro capiteIND.ENV.pollution.mismanaged_plastic_waste.pckg/a/{person}Class Doecd-global-plastics-outlook, peer-reviewed-plastic-flow-models33.3%
05Dominio

Ambiente e biodiversità

Pollution, ecosystem condition, land and biodiversity, and nature dependence.

Sub-domainIndicatori
Qualità dell'aria3
Land and forests5
Biodiversità4
Ocean5
Pollution and waste3
Nature dependence2

Anchor frameworks (pillar structure and definitions only): Yale EPI 2026; UN SEEA; TNFD; ESRS E2-E5; SDG 14, 15.

06Indicatori

All 22 environment and biodiversity indicators

FIG 4 · Indicators in scope, by domain and sub-domain
ENV · 22
Area is the number of indicator definitions; colour is the pillar the domain feeds (Macroeconomy and Space feed through their indices). Select a block to filter the table. Source: Indicator Standard Nexus Indicator Standard register.
IndicatoreDominioSub-domainComponenteUnitàLivelliCrosswalks
Esposizione al PM2.5, media ponderata per la popolazioneIND.ENV.air.pm25_exposureENVQualità dell'ariahazardug/m3COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRIDWB_WDI EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3 SDG 11.6.2 EPI PMD
Popolazione esposta oltre il valore guida OMS per il PM2.5, quotaIND.ENV.air.pm25_guideline_exceedance.shareENVQualità dell'ariaexposure%COUNTRY, ADM1, CITYWB_WDI EN.ATM.PM25.MC.ZS
Esposizione stagionale ai picchi di ozonoIND.ENV.air.ozone_exposureENVQualità dell'ariahazard[ppb]COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID
Superficie terrestreIND.ENV.land.land_areaENVLand and forestscontextkm2COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITYWB_WDI AG.LND.TOTL.K2
Superficie forestale, quota della superficie terrestreIND.ENV.land.forest_cover.shareENVLand and forestsvulnerability%COUNTRY, ADM1SDG 15.1.1 WB_WDI AG.LND.FRST.ZS
Tasso annuo di perdita di copertura arboreaIND.ENV.land.tree_cover_loss.shareENVLand and forestshazard%COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRIDEPI TCL
Terreni degradati, quota della superficie terrestreIND.ENV.land.land_degradation.shareENVLand and forestshazard%COUNTRY, ADM1, GRIDSDG 15.3.1
Densità stradaleIND.ENV.land.road_densityENVLand and forestshazardkm/km2COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Indice della Lista RossaIND.ENV.biodiversity.red_list_indexENVBiodiversitàvulnerability1GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRYSDG 15.5.1
Indice di integrità della biodiversitàIND.ENV.biodiversity.biodiversity_intactnessENVBiodiversitàvulnerability1COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Aree protette terrestri, quota della superficie terrestreIND.ENV.biodiversity.terrestrial_protected.shareENVBiodiversitàresponse%COUNTRY, ADM1WB_WDI ER.LND.PTLD.ZS
Aree chiave per la biodiversità coperte da aree protetteIND.ENV.biodiversity.key_biodiversity_area_protected.shareENVBiodiversitàresponse%COUNTRY, REGIONSDG 15.1.2
Aree marine protette, quota delle acque territorialiIND.ENV.ocean.marine_protected.shareENVOceanresponse%COUNTRYWB_WDI ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS SDG 14.5.1
Indice di eutrofizzazione costieraIND.ENV.ocean.coastal_eutrophicationENVOceanhazard%COUNTRY, REGIONSDG 14.1.1
Acidità marina media (pH)IND.ENV.ocean.ocean_acidityENVOceanhazard[pH]COUNTRY, REGION, SITESDG 14.3.1
Stock ittici entro livelli biologicamente sostenibiliIND.ENV.ocean.sustainable_fish_stocks.shareENVOceanvulnerability%GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRYSDG 14.4.1
Giorni di ondata di calore marina all'annoIND.ENV.ocean.marine_heatwave_daysENVOceanhazardd/aCOUNTRY, REGION, GRIDUNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0708
Rifiuti solidi urbani prodotti pro capiteIND.ENV.pollution.msw_generation.pcENVPollution and wastehazardkg/a/{person}COUNTRY, CITY
Rifiuti solidi urbani gestiti in impianti controllatiIND.ENV.pollution.msw_controlled_management.shareENVPollution and wastecoping capacity%COUNTRY, CITYSDG 11.6.1 EPI MSW
Rifiuti di plastica gestiti in modo inadeguato pro capiteIND.ENV.pollution.mismanaged_plastic_waste.pcENVPollution and wastehazardkg/a/{person}COUNTRY, ADM1
PIL in settori fortemente dipendenti dalla natura, quotaIND.ENV.nature_dependence.nature_dependent_gdp.shareENVNature dependenceexposure%COUNTRY, PORTFOLIO
Valore della produzione agricola dipendente dall'impollinazione animale, quotaIND.ENV.nature_dependence.pollinator_dependent_crops.shareENVNature dependenceexposure%COUNTRY, ADM1
07Quotazione

Environmental pressure index, world

The world reading of this index, every country as a tile and the largest movements since the previous edition.

NXS-GRX · ENV · 195 profiles · 0–10 scale
Environmental pressure index, world
–
I valori sono pubblicati con l'edizione; qui compaiono intervallo, classe e variazione.
Edizione precedente
–
Range since 2016
–
Composito accoppiato
–
Punteggio di accoppiamento S
–
Pulse, ultima settimana
–
Outlook, 12 months
–
Metodo
Indicator Standard 1.0 · NXS-GRX 2026
Estrazioni
1,000
Environmental pressure index, world, by edition

Nessun valore ancora pubblicato. La prima edizione traccia qui lo storico con la banda dell'intervallo e i limiti di classe.

The line is the point value by edition; the band is the 90% interval; dashed lines are the class bounds at 2, 3.5, 5 and 6.5.
Africa54
DZA AGO BEN BWA BFA BDI CPV CMR CAF TCD COM COG CIV COD DJI EGY GNQ ERI SWZ ETH GAB GMB GHA GIN GNB KEN LSO LBR LBY MDG MWI MLI MRT MUS MAR MOZ NAM NER NGA RWA STP SEN SYC SLE SOM ZAF SSD SDN TGO TUN UGA TZA ZMB ZWE
Americhe35
ATG ARG BHS BRB BLZ BOL BRA CAN CHL COL CRI CUB DMA DOM ECU SLV GRD GTM GUY HTI HND JAM MEX NIC PAN PRY PER KNA LCA VCT SUR TTO USA URY VEN
Asia48
AFG ARM AZE BHR BGD BTN BRN KHM CHN CYP PRK GEO IND IDN IRN IRQ ISR JPN JOR KAZ KWT KGZ LAO LBN MYS MDV MNG MMR NPL OMN PAK PHL QAT KOR SAU SGP LKA PSE SYR TJK THA TLS TUR TKM ARE UZB VNM YEM
Europa44
ALB AND AUT BLR BEL BIH BGR HRV CZE DNK EST FIN FRA DEU GRC VAT HUN ISL IRL ITA LVA LIE LTU LUX MLT MCO MNE NLD MKD NOR POL PRT MDA ROU RUS SMR SRB SVK SVN ESP SWE CHE UKR GBR
Oceania14
AUS FJI KIR MHL FSM NRU NZL PLW PNG WSM SLB TON TUV VUT
Nessuna variazione per ora. Dalla seconda edizione in poi, le variazioni rispetto all’edizione precedente sono elencate qui, insieme agli indicatori che le hanno determinate.
08Valori

Country values

FIG 5 · Environmental pressure index: countries (values when released)
Caricamento della mappa
AndorraAntigua e BarbudaBahreinBarbadosComoreCapo VerdeDominicaMicronesia (Stati Federati di)GrenadaKiribatiSaint Kitts e NevisSanta LuciaLiechtensteinMonacoMaldiveIsole MarshallMaltaMauritiusNauruPalauSingaporeSan MarinoSão Tomé e PríncipeSeychellesTongaTuvaluSanta SedeSaint Vincent e GrenadineSamoa
Equal Earth · Natural Earth 1:110mValues when released
Until the first edition is released the map shows UN M49 regions or the Nexus Reports edition; it then shows this index’s classes with each country’s interval on hover. Countries are listed by name, never ordered by value.
Tile
/api/v1/public/grix/risk-products/tiles/env/{z}/{x}/{y}.mvt
Chiave di osservazione
nis:IDX.ENV.biodiversity.environmental_pressure:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A
09Serie

Series that read this index

GLBGlobal SystemsThe state of interdependent global risk: the twenty domain indices aggregated to the world, the five core systems (water, energy, food, health, biodiversity) and their couplings, the global tail register and the gap between perceived and measured risk. GS-11Global BiodiversityEnvironmental pressure, ecosystem condition, nature dependency of economies and the nature–climate–water–food feedbacks. GS-12Global Earth observationWhat Earth observation can and cannot see of risk: coverage, revisit, latency and the observing systems behind NXS-GRX. SR-04MineralsCritical-mineral concentration, processing dependency, price and export-restriction risk, and the environmental and social footprint of extraction. SR-09Planetary boundariesEarth-system boundaries and tipping elements as slow-onset, high-impact risk. XT-18Climate intervention technologiesCarbon removal and proposed climate interventions: physical, governance and termination risks, read from published assessments only. TH-01Nexus InterdependencyThe water, energy, food, health and biodiversity systems read together: drought to energy stress, energy disruption to health stress, biodiversity loss to food-system stress, flood to water contamination, heat to health and grid stress, cyber-physical disruption across all five.
10Validity

Crosswalks and validity checks

Crosswalks map leaf indicators to source code lists; established indices are used for validity checks, never re-weighted as inputs.

Code systemLeaf indicators mapped
SDG9
WB_WDI3
EPI3
UNDRR_HIPS_20251
11In tutto il Nexus

Platforms, standards and ways to take part

Field and service platforms of GCRI, GRF and GRA, the Nexus Risk Standards for this domain, learning, working groups and open calls. Every link is a live page.

12Cita

Cita e riutilizza

GCRI Canada (2026). The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX): Environmental pressure index (GRX-IDX-ENV), Baseline Edition 2026. Preparatory working draft. https://risksindex.com/indices/environmental-pressure/ UNI NXS-GRX-AR-000120.

See this index in every country profile

Each profile shows this index with its interval and class once released.

Country profiles All indices

Stato

La metodologia, la struttura e le definizioni di The Global Risks Index sono una bozza di lavoro preparatoria (2026), diffusa per esame e commenti e non destinata all’attuazione. Nessun valore compare finché un’edizione non viene pubblicata a partire da un taglio di evidenze regolamentato; i valori riporteranno allora intervalli, classi, fonti e il relativo percorso di correzione. I simulatori applicano i metodi pubblicati ai numeri che scegli e non mostrano mai un valore NXS-GRX.

Che cosa non è NXS-GRX

NXS-GRX è un'informazione di ricerca e di analisi del rischio. Non è un rating creditizio o ESG e non usa alcuna scala di rating, non è un indice di riferimento per strumenti finanziari, non è una statistica ufficiale, non è un allerta di emergenza né una classificazione ufficiale e non è una consulenza. Non deve essere usato per valutare persone fisiche. Le classi di rischio sono fasce su una scala pubblicata, mai graduatorie di paesi o persone.

Istituzioni e fonti

The Nexus Consortium is stewarded by three independent not-for-profit institutions: The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), through GCRI US in Washington, DC and GCRI Canada in Ontario, with GCRI Canada as Lead Institution, Consortium Secretariat and lead contracting organisation; The Global Risks Forum (GRF); and The Global Risks Alliance (GRA). Technology, infrastructure and service providers work with the Consortium at arm’s length under written agreements, like every other external party in the public-private-planet model, and hold no role in its stewardship.

Ogni valore riporta l’attribuzione delle proprie fonti, che mantengono le rispettive licenze. I nomi esterni sono citati unicamente a fini di interoperabilità. I testi redatti da Nexus sono destinati alla licenza CC BY 4.0 al momento della pubblicazione.

Avis en français

La méthodologie et les définitions du NXS-GRX sont un projet de travail préparatoire (2026). Le NXS-GRX est une information de recherche et d’analyse des risques : ni notation, ni indice de référence financier, ni statistique officielle, ni alerte, ni conseil. Les classes de risque sont des bandes sur une échelle publiée, non des classements.