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Der Global Risks Index
The Global Risks Index · GRX-IDX-ENV · VUL Human and systems vulnerability

Index des Umweltdrucks

0–10 index of environmental pressure and ecosystem condition combining air pollution, land and forest degradation, biodiversity status, ocean condition and waste pressure.

Construction Simulator Indicators
Page GRX-IDX-ENVEdition Baseline Edition 2026Evidence close 2026-09-30Indicator Standard IDX.ENV.biodiversity.environmental_pressureValues not yet publishedMethod v1.0.0-draft
FIG 1 · Method card
Aggregation

arithmetic

equal weights · floor 0.1 where geometric

Unsicherheit

1,000 draws

normalisation, weights, aggregation, imputation

Struktur

5 components

16 leaf indicators

Abdeckung

60% minimum

modelled share ≤ 20%

From the Indicator Standard definition of this index.
16
leaf indicators
5
components
1,000
Monte Carlo draws
7
series read it
01Construction

From indicators to the composite

The environmental dimension of a place profile: where ecological decline is eroding health, livelihoods and natural protection against hazards.

computation
How Environmental pressure is computed
Graph24 nodes
Graph
01Indikatoren
02Sub-indices
03Domain index
04Säule
05Zusammengesetzt
100%
Verzeichnis
  1. PM2.5-Exposition, bevölkerungsgewichteter Mittelwert
    Indicator · IND · ug/m3
    Annual mean concentration of fine particulate matter (diameter 2.5 micrometres or less) to which residents are exposed, weighting satellite- and model-derived surface concentrations by population.
  2. Bevölkerung mit Exposition über dem PM2.5-Richtwert der WHO, Anteil
    Indicator · IND · %
    Share of residents living where annual mean PM2.5 exceeds the 2021 WHO air-quality guideline of 5 micrograms per cubic metre.
  3. Saisonale Spitzenexposition gegenüber Ozon
    Indicator · IND · ppb
    Population-weighted mean of the highest six-month running average of daily maximum eight-hour ozone concentration, in parts per billion.
  4. Jährliche Verlustrate der Baumbedeckung
    Indicator · IND · %
    Area of tree cover (canopy 30% or more in the 2000 baseline) removed or killed in the year, from Landsat-based change detection, as a percentage of the 2000 tree cover area; the five-year mean is carried alongside.
  5. Degradierte Flächen, Anteil an der Landfläche
    Indicator · IND · %
    Share of land degraded according to the one-out-all-out combination of declining land cover, land productivity and soil organic carbon over the reporting period.
  6. Waldfläche, Anteil an der Landfläche
    Indicator · IND · %
    Land spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees taller than 5 metres and canopy cover above 10%, excluding land predominantly in agricultural or urban use, as a percentage of land area.
  7. Rote-Liste-Index
    Indicator · IND · 1
    Index from 0 (all species extinct) to 1 (all species least concern) of aggregate extinction risk across comprehensively assessed species groups, nationally disaggregated.
  8. Biodiversity Intactness Index
    Indicator · IND · 1
    Modelled average abundance of originally present species across the area relative to an undisturbed reference, from 0 to 1, based on land use and its intensity.
  9. Durch Schutzgebiete abgedeckte Schlüsselgebiete der Biodiversität
    Indicator · IND · %
    Average share of each terrestrial and freshwater key biodiversity area that lies inside protected or conserved areas, by ecosystem type.
  10. Index der Küsteneutrophierung
    Indicator · IND · %
    Deviation of coastal chlorophyll-a concentration from its long-term baseline within the exclusive economic zone, from satellite ocean-colour data, as a share of the coastal area with high deviation.
  11. Durchschnittliche Meeresversauerung (pH)
    Indicator · IND · pH
    Average surface seawater pH measured at representative sampling stations in the country’s waters.
  12. Tage mit mariner Hitzewelle pro Jahr
    Indicator · IND · d/a
    Average annual number of days on which sea surface temperature in the country’s waters exceeds the seasonally varying 90th percentile of a 1982–2011 baseline for five or more consecutive days.
  13. Fischbestände innerhalb biologisch nachhaltiger Grenzen
    Indicator · IND · %
    Share of assessed marine fish stocks whose abundance is at or above the level producing maximum sustainable yield.
  14. Erzeugter Siedlungsabfall pro Kopf
    Indicator · IND · kg/a/person
    Mass of municipal solid waste generated per resident per year, from national or city waste statistics.
  15. In kontrollierten Anlagen behandelter Siedlungsabfall
    Indicator · IND · %
    Share of municipal solid waste generated that is collected and then managed in controlled recovery or disposal facilities.
  16. Unsachgemäß entsorgter Plastikmüll pro Kopf
    Indicator · IND · kg/a/person
    Mass of plastic waste per resident per year that is littered, openly burned or disposed of in uncontrolled dumps, from waste-flow models.
  17. Air pollution sub-index
    Sub-index · SUB · w 1 · 25.0%
    Composite of population-weighted PM2.5 exposure, the share above the WHO guideline and seasonal peak ozone.
  18. Land and forest degradation sub-index
    Sub-index · SUB · w 1 · 25.0%
    Composite of tree cover loss rate, degraded land share and forest cover.
  19. Biodiversity status sub-index
    Sub-index · SUB · w 1 · 25.0%
    Composite of the Red List Index, the Biodiversity Intactness Index and protection of key biodiversity areas.
  20. Ocean condition sub-index
    Sub-index · SUB · w 0.5 · 12.5%
    Composite of coastal eutrophication, marine acidity, marine heatwave days and the share of sustainably fished stocks.
  21. Waste pressure sub-index
    Sub-index · SUB · w 0.5 · 12.5%
    Composite of municipal solid waste generation, the share managed in controlled facilities and mismanaged plastic waste.
  22. Index des Umweltdrucks
    Domain index · IDX · arithmetic
    0–10 index of environmental pressure and ecosystem condition combining air pollution, land and forest degradation, biodiversity status, ocean condition and waste pressure.
  23. Verwundbarkeit von Menschen und Systemen
    Pillar · PILLAR · 8 indices
    How susceptible are people, livelihoods, ecosystems and essential systems to harm when a shock arrives?
  24. NXS-GRX (canonical data, provenance and risk) Composite Risk
    Composite · COMPOSITE · four pillars
    Composite = (HTE × VUL × MSF × LCC)^(1/4), each pillar on 0–10 floored at 0.1; pillar = expert-weighted geometric mean of its domain indices
Nicht ausgeführtIn BearbeitungErledigt
FIG 2. 16 indicators, 5 components, real Indicator Standard weights (the bar under each node is its share). Select a node to trace what it feeds and what feeds it; Simulate run plays the computation in order. Schematic of the construction; source: Indicator Standard composite definitions.
02Simulator

Run this index’s own aggregation

Set each component, change the aggregation or the weight uncertainty, and watch the interval, the class probability and each component’s contribution respond.

FIG 3 · Simulator: aggregate environmental pressure on your numbers
Components (0 to 10)
3.0
5.0
7.0
4.0
6.0
25
1
–
läuft in Ihrem Browser
Contribution of each component (leave one out)
Simulator: the index’s published aggregation run on numbers you set, with 1,000 draws over weights and aggregation. The slider positions are starting points for the explainer, not NXS-GRX values. Simulated on your own inputs; not a measured result.
03Methode

Treatment, normalisation, weighting, aggregation, uncertainty

Treatment
WINSORISE
Outlier rule
|skew| > 2, kurtosis > 3.5
Normalisation
min–max rescaling
Imputation
NONE
Coverage minimum
60% of components
Modelled share cap
20% of weight
Weighting
equal
Aggregation
arithmetic
Scale
0 to 10
Unsicherheit
1,000 Monte Carlo runs over normalisation, weights, aggregation, imputation
Framework basis
Yale EPI 2026 (structure only); UN SEEA Ecosystem Accounting; OECD/JRC Handbook (2008)
Sehr niedrig0.0 bis < 2.0
Niedrig2.0 bis < 3.5
Mittel3.5 bis < 5.0
Hoch5.0 bis < 6.5
Sehr hoch6.5 bis 10.0
04Components

5 components, 16 indicators

Air pollution sub-index w 1

Composite of population-weighted PM2.5 exposure, the share above the WHO guideline and seasonal peak ozone.

IndikatorEinheitEvidenzQuellenAnteil
PM2.5-Exposition, bevölkerungsgewichteter MittelwertIND.ENV.air.pm25_exposureug/m3Class Cwb-wdi, who-ambient-air-quality-database, acag-satellite-pm25, copernicus-cams50.0%
Bevölkerung mit Exposition über dem PM2.5-Richtwert der WHO, AnteilIND.ENV.air.pm25_guideline_exceedance.share%Class Cwb-wdi, acag-satellite-pm25, jrc-ghsl-ghs-pop25.0%
Saisonale Spitzenexposition gegenüber OzonIND.ENV.air.ozone_exposure[ppb]Class Cstate-of-global-air, copernicus-cams, toar25.0%

Land and forest degradation sub-index w 1

Composite of tree cover loss rate, degraded land share and forest cover.

IndikatorEinheitEvidenzQuellenAnteil
Jährliche Verlustrate der BaumbedeckungIND.ENV.land.tree_cover_loss.share%Class Cgfw-umd-tree-cover-loss40.0%
Degradierte Flächen, Anteil an der LandflächeIND.ENV.land.land_degradation.share%Class Cunccd-prais, trends-earth40.0%
Waldfläche, Anteil an der LandflächeIND.ENV.land.forest_cover.share%Class Bfao-fra, wb-wdi20.0%

Biodiversity status sub-index w 1

Composite of the Red List Index, the Biodiversity Intactness Index and protection of key biodiversity areas.

IndikatorEinheitEvidenzQuellenAnteil
Rote-Liste-IndexIND.ENV.biodiversity.red_list_index1Class Biucn-red-list, un-sdg-database33.3%
Biodiversity Intactness IndexIND.ENV.biodiversity.biodiversity_intactness1Class Cnhm-predicts-bii33.3%
Durch Schutzgebiete abgedeckte Schlüsselgebiete der BiodiversitätIND.ENV.biodiversity.key_biodiversity_area_protected.share%Class Bkba-partnership, wdpa-protected-planet, un-sdg-database33.3%

Ocean condition sub-index w 0.5

Composite of coastal eutrophication, marine acidity, marine heatwave days and the share of sustainably fished stocks.

IndikatorEinheitEvidenzQuellenAnteil
Index der KüsteneutrophierungIND.ENV.ocean.coastal_eutrophication%Class Cunep-global-environment-monitoring, copernicus-marine25.0%
Durchschnittliche Meeresversauerung (pH)IND.ENV.ocean.ocean_acidity[pH]Class Bioc-unesco-sdg1431-portal, socat25.0%
Tage mit mariner Hitzewelle pro JahrIND.ENV.ocean.marine_heatwave_daysd/aClass Cnoaa-oisst, copernicus-marine25.0%
Fischbestände innerhalb biologisch nachhaltiger GrenzenIND.ENV.ocean.sustainable_fish_stocks.share%Class Bfao-fisheries-sofia25.0%

Waste pressure sub-index w 0.5

Composite of municipal solid waste generation, the share managed in controlled facilities and mismanaged plastic waste.

IndikatorEinheitEvidenzQuellenAnteil
Erzeugter Siedlungsabfall pro KopfIND.ENV.pollution.msw_generation.pckg/a/{person}Class Bwb-what-a-waste, unstats-environment-waste, unep-global-waste-outlook33.3%
In kontrollierten Anlagen behandelter SiedlungsabfallIND.ENV.pollution.msw_controlled_management.share%Class Bun-habitat-waste-wise-cities, un-sdg-database33.3%
Unsachgemäß entsorgter Plastikmüll pro KopfIND.ENV.pollution.mismanaged_plastic_waste.pckg/a/{person}Class Doecd-global-plastics-outlook, peer-reviewed-plastic-flow-models33.3%
05Domäne

Umwelt und Biodiversität

Pollution, ecosystem condition, land and biodiversity, and nature dependence.

Sub-domainIndikatoren
Luftqualität3
Land and forests5
Biodiversität4
Ocean5
Pollution and waste3
Nature dependence2

Anchor frameworks (pillar structure and definitions only): Yale EPI 2026; UN SEEA; TNFD; ESRS E2-E5; SDG 14, 15.

06Indikatoren

All 22 environment and biodiversity indicators

FIG 4 · Indicators in scope, by domain and sub-domain
ENV · 22
Area is the number of indicator definitions; colour is the pillar the domain feeds (Macroeconomy and Space feed through their indices). Select a block to filter the table. Source: Indicator Standard Nexus Indicator Standard register.
IndikatorDomäneSub-domainKomponenteEinheitEbenenCrosswalks
PM2.5-Exposition, bevölkerungsgewichteter MittelwertIND.ENV.air.pm25_exposureENVLuftqualitäthazardug/m3COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRIDWB_WDI EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3 SDG 11.6.2 EPI PMD
Bevölkerung mit Exposition über dem PM2.5-Richtwert der WHO, AnteilIND.ENV.air.pm25_guideline_exceedance.shareENVLuftqualitätexposure%COUNTRY, ADM1, CITYWB_WDI EN.ATM.PM25.MC.ZS
Saisonale Spitzenexposition gegenüber OzonIND.ENV.air.ozone_exposureENVLuftqualitäthazard[ppb]COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID
LandflächeIND.ENV.land.land_areaENVLand and forestscontextkm2COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITYWB_WDI AG.LND.TOTL.K2
Waldfläche, Anteil an der LandflächeIND.ENV.land.forest_cover.shareENVLand and forestsvulnerability%COUNTRY, ADM1SDG 15.1.1 WB_WDI AG.LND.FRST.ZS
Jährliche Verlustrate der BaumbedeckungIND.ENV.land.tree_cover_loss.shareENVLand and forestshazard%COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRIDEPI TCL
Degradierte Flächen, Anteil an der LandflächeIND.ENV.land.land_degradation.shareENVLand and forestshazard%COUNTRY, ADM1, GRIDSDG 15.3.1
StraßendichteIND.ENV.land.road_densityENVLand and forestshazardkm/km2COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Rote-Liste-IndexIND.ENV.biodiversity.red_list_indexENVBiodiversitätvulnerability1GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRYSDG 15.5.1
Biodiversity Intactness IndexIND.ENV.biodiversity.biodiversity_intactnessENVBiodiversitätvulnerability1COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Terrestrische Schutzgebiete, Anteil an der LandflächeIND.ENV.biodiversity.terrestrial_protected.shareENVBiodiversitätresponse%COUNTRY, ADM1WB_WDI ER.LND.PTLD.ZS
Durch Schutzgebiete abgedeckte Schlüsselgebiete der BiodiversitätIND.ENV.biodiversity.key_biodiversity_area_protected.shareENVBiodiversitätresponse%COUNTRY, REGIONSDG 15.1.2
Meeresschutzgebiete, Anteil an den HoheitsgewässernIND.ENV.ocean.marine_protected.shareENVOceanresponse%COUNTRYWB_WDI ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS SDG 14.5.1
Index der KüsteneutrophierungIND.ENV.ocean.coastal_eutrophicationENVOceanhazard%COUNTRY, REGIONSDG 14.1.1
Durchschnittliche Meeresversauerung (pH)IND.ENV.ocean.ocean_acidityENVOceanhazard[pH]COUNTRY, REGION, SITESDG 14.3.1
Fischbestände innerhalb biologisch nachhaltiger GrenzenIND.ENV.ocean.sustainable_fish_stocks.shareENVOceanvulnerability%GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRYSDG 14.4.1
Tage mit mariner Hitzewelle pro JahrIND.ENV.ocean.marine_heatwave_daysENVOceanhazardd/aCOUNTRY, REGION, GRIDUNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0708
Erzeugter Siedlungsabfall pro KopfIND.ENV.pollution.msw_generation.pcENVPollution and wastehazardkg/a/{person}COUNTRY, CITY
In kontrollierten Anlagen behandelter SiedlungsabfallIND.ENV.pollution.msw_controlled_management.shareENVPollution and wastecoping capacity%COUNTRY, CITYSDG 11.6.1 EPI MSW
Unsachgemäß entsorgter Plastikmüll pro KopfIND.ENV.pollution.mismanaged_plastic_waste.pcENVPollution and wastehazardkg/a/{person}COUNTRY, ADM1
BIP in stark naturabhängigen Sektoren, AnteilIND.ENV.nature_dependence.nature_dependent_gdp.shareENVNature dependenceexposure%COUNTRY, PORTFOLIO
Von tierischer Bestäubung abhängiger Wert der Pflanzenproduktion, AnteilIND.ENV.nature_dependence.pollinator_dependent_crops.shareENVNature dependenceexposure%COUNTRY, ADM1
07Kennwert

Environmental pressure index, world

The world reading of this index, every country as a tile and the largest movements since the previous edition.

NXS-GRX · ENV · 195 profiles · 0–10 scale
Environmental pressure index, world
–
Werte erscheinen mit der Ausgabe; Intervall, Klasse und Veränderung werden hier angezeigt.
Vorherige Ausgabe
–
Range since 2016
–
Gekoppeltes Gesamtmaß
–
Kopplungswert S
–
Pulse, letzte Woche
–
Outlook, 12 months
–
Methode
Indicator Standard 1.0 · NXS-GRX 2026
Ziehungen
1,000
Environmental pressure index, world, by edition

Noch keine veröffentlichten Werte. Die erste Ausgabe zeichnet hier den Verlauf mit Intervallband und Klassengrenzen.

The line is the point value by edition; the band is the 90% interval; dashed lines are the class bounds at 2, 3.5, 5 and 6.5.
Afrika54
DZA AGO BEN BWA BFA BDI CPV CMR CAF TCD COM COG CIV COD DJI EGY GNQ ERI SWZ ETH GAB GMB GHA GIN GNB KEN LSO LBR LBY MDG MWI MLI MRT MUS MAR MOZ NAM NER NGA RWA STP SEN SYC SLE SOM ZAF SSD SDN TGO TUN UGA TZA ZMB ZWE
Amerika35
ATG ARG BHS BRB BLZ BOL BRA CAN CHL COL CRI CUB DMA DOM ECU SLV GRD GTM GUY HTI HND JAM MEX NIC PAN PRY PER KNA LCA VCT SUR TTO USA URY VEN
Asien48
AFG ARM AZE BHR BGD BTN BRN KHM CHN CYP PRK GEO IND IDN IRN IRQ ISR JPN JOR KAZ KWT KGZ LAO LBN MYS MDV MNG MMR NPL OMN PAK PHL QAT KOR SAU SGP LKA PSE SYR TJK THA TLS TUR TKM ARE UZB VNM YEM
Europa44
ALB AND AUT BLR BEL BIH BGR HRV CZE DNK EST FIN FRA DEU GRC VAT HUN ISL IRL ITA LVA LIE LTU LUX MLT MCO MNE NLD MKD NOR POL PRT MDA ROU RUS SMR SRB SVK SVN ESP SWE CHE UKR GBR
Ozeanien14
AUS FJI KIR MHL FSM NRU NZL PLW PNG WSM SLB TON TUV VUT
Noch keine Veränderungen. Veränderungen gegenüber der vorherigen Ausgabe werden ab der zweiten Ausgabe hier aufgeführt, mit den Indikatoren, die sie bewirkt haben.
08Werte

Country values

FIG 5 · Environmental pressure index: countries (values when released)
Karte wird geladen
AndorraAntigua und BarbudaBahrainBarbadosKomorenCabo VerdeDominicaMikronesien (Föderierte Staaten von)GrenadaKiribatiSt. Kitts und NevisSt. LuciaLiechtensteinMonacoMaledivenMarshallinselnMaltaMauritiusNauruPalauSingapurSan MarinoSão Tomé und PríncipeSeychellenTongaTuvaluHeiliger StuhlSt. Vincent und die GrenadinenSamoa
Equal Earth · Natural Earth 1:110mValues when released
Until the first edition is released the map shows UN M49 regions or the Nexus Reports edition; it then shows this index’s classes with each country’s interval on hover. Countries are listed by name, never ordered by value.
Kacheln
/api/v1/public/grix/risk-products/tiles/env/{z}/{x}/{y}.mvt
Beobachtungsschlüssel
nis:IDX.ENV.biodiversity.environmental_pressure:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A
09Reihen

Series that read this index

GLBGlobal SystemsThe state of interdependent global risk: the twenty domain indices aggregated to the world, the five core systems (water, energy, food, health, biodiversity) and their couplings, the global tail register and the gap between perceived and measured risk. GS-11Global BiodiversityEnvironmental pressure, ecosystem condition, nature dependency of economies and the nature–climate–water–food feedbacks. GS-12Global Earth observationWhat Earth observation can and cannot see of risk: coverage, revisit, latency and the observing systems behind NXS-GRX. SR-04MineralsCritical-mineral concentration, processing dependency, price and export-restriction risk, and the environmental and social footprint of extraction. SR-09Planetary boundariesEarth-system boundaries and tipping elements as slow-onset, high-impact risk. XT-18Climate intervention technologiesCarbon removal and proposed climate interventions: physical, governance and termination risks, read from published assessments only. TH-01Nexus InterdependencyThe water, energy, food, health and biodiversity systems read together: drought to energy stress, energy disruption to health stress, biodiversity loss to food-system stress, flood to water contamination, heat to health and grid stress, cyber-physical disruption across all five.
10Validity

Crosswalks and validity checks

Crosswalks map leaf indicators to source code lists; established indices are used for validity checks, never re-weighted as inputs.

Code systemLeaf indicators mapped
SDG9
WB_WDI3
EPI3
UNDRR_HIPS_20251
11Im gesamten Nexus

Platforms, standards and ways to take part

Field and service platforms of GCRI, GRF and GRA, the Nexus Risk Standards for this domain, learning, working groups and open calls. Every link is a live page.

12Zitieren

Zitieren und weiterverwenden

GCRI Canada (2026). The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX): Environmental pressure index (GRX-IDX-ENV), Baseline Edition 2026. Preparatory working draft. https://risksindex.com/indices/environmental-pressure/ UNI NXS-GRX-AR-000120.

See this index in every country profile

Each profile shows this index with its interval and class once released.

Country profiles All indices

Status

Methodik, Struktur und Definitionen des Global Risks Index sind ein vorbereitender Arbeitsentwurf (2026), der zur Prüfung und Stellungnahme und nicht zur Umsetzung verbreitet wird. Kein Wert erscheint, bevor eine Ausgabe aus einem geregelten Evidenzschnitt veröffentlicht ist; die Werte tragen dann Intervalle, Klassen, Quellen und ihren Korrekturweg. Die Simulatoren wenden die veröffentlichten Methoden auf Zahlen an, die Sie wählen, und zeigen niemals einen NXS-GRX-Wert.

Was NXS-GRX nicht ist

NXS-GRX ist eine Forschungs- und Risikoanalyseinformation. Es ist kein Kredit- oder ESG-Rating und verwendet keine Ratingskala, kein Referenzwert für Finanzinstrumente, keine amtliche Statistik, keine Notfallwarnung oder amtliche Einstufung und keine Beratung. Es darf nicht zur Bewertung natürlicher Personen verwendet werden. Risikoklassen sind Bänder auf einer veröffentlichten Skala, niemals Rangfolgen von Ländern oder Personen.

Institutionen und Quellen

The Nexus Consortium is stewarded by three independent not-for-profit institutions: The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), through GCRI US in Washington, DC and GCRI Canada in Ontario, with GCRI Canada as Lead Institution, Consortium Secretariat and lead contracting organisation; The Global Risks Forum (GRF); and The Global Risks Alliance (GRA). Technology, infrastructure and service providers work with the Consortium at arm’s length under written agreements, like every other external party in the public-private-planet model, and hold no role in its stewardship.

Jeder Wert trägt die Namensnennung seiner Quellen, die ihre eigenen Lizenzen behalten. Externe Namen werden nur zur Interoperabilität zitiert. Von Nexus verfasste Texte sollen bei Veröffentlichung unter CC BY 4.0 stehen.

Avis en français

La méthodologie et les définitions du NXS-GRX sont un projet de travail préparatoire (2026). Le NXS-GRX est une information de recherche et d’analyse des risques : ni notation, ni indice de référence financier, ni statistique officielle, ni alerte, ni conseil. Les classes de risque sont des bandes sur une échelle publiée, non des classements.