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Global Risks Index
The Global Risks Index · GRX-IDX-ENV · VUL Human and systems vulnerability

환경 압력 지수

0–10 index of environmental pressure and ecosystem condition combining air pollution, land and forest degradation, biodiversity status, ocean condition and waste pressure.

Construction Simulator Indicators
Page GRX-IDX-ENVEdition Baseline Edition 2026Evidence close 2026-09-30Indicator Standard IDX.ENV.biodiversity.environmental_pressureValues not yet publishedMethod v1.0.0-draft
FIG 1 · Method card
Aggregation

arithmetic

equal weights · floor 0.1 where geometric

불확실성

1,000 draws

normalisation, weights, aggregation, imputation

구조

5 components

16 leaf indicators

적용 범위

60% minimum

modelled share ≤ 20%

From the Indicator Standard definition of this index.
16
leaf indicators
5
components
1,000
Monte Carlo draws
7
series read it
01Construction

From indicators to the composite

The environmental dimension of a place profile: where ecological decline is eroding health, livelihoods and natural protection against hazards.

computation
How Environmental pressure is computed
Graph24 nodes
그래프
01지표
02Sub-indices
03Domain index
04기둥
05종합
100%
색인
  1. PM2.5 노출, 인구 가중 평균
    Indicator · IND · ug/m3
    Annual mean concentration of fine particulate matter (diameter 2.5 micrometres or less) to which residents are exposed, weighting satellite- and model-derived surface concentrations by population.
  2. WHO PM2.5 지침 초과 노출 인구, 비율
    Indicator · IND · %
    Share of residents living where annual mean PM2.5 exceeds the 2021 WHO air-quality guideline of 5 micrograms per cubic metre.
  3. 계절별 최고 오존 노출
    Indicator · IND · ppb
    Population-weighted mean of the highest six-month running average of daily maximum eight-hour ozone concentration, in parts per billion.
  4. 연간 수목 피복 손실률
    Indicator · IND · %
    Area of tree cover (canopy 30% or more in the 2000 baseline) removed or killed in the year, from Landsat-based change detection, as a percentage of the 2000 tree cover area; the five-year mean is carried alongside.
  5. 황폐화된 토지, 육지 면적 대비 비율
    Indicator · IND · %
    Share of land degraded according to the one-out-all-out combination of declining land cover, land productivity and soil organic carbon over the reporting period.
  6. 산림 면적, 육지 면적 대비 비율
    Indicator · IND · %
    Land spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees taller than 5 metres and canopy cover above 10%, excluding land predominantly in agricultural or urban use, as a percentage of land area.
  7. 적색 목록 지수
    Indicator · IND · 1
    Index from 0 (all species extinct) to 1 (all species least concern) of aggregate extinction risk across comprehensively assessed species groups, nationally disaggregated.
  8. 생물다양성 온전성 지수
    Indicator · IND · 1
    Modelled average abundance of originally present species across the area relative to an undisturbed reference, from 0 to 1, based on land use and its intensity.
  9. 보호구역에 포함된 핵심 생물다양성 지역
    Indicator · IND · %
    Average share of each terrestrial and freshwater key biodiversity area that lies inside protected or conserved areas, by ecosystem type.
  10. 연안 부영양화 지수
    Indicator · IND · %
    Deviation of coastal chlorophyll-a concentration from its long-term baseline within the exclusive economic zone, from satellite ocean-colour data, as a share of the coastal area with high deviation.
  11. 평균 해양 산성도(pH)
    Indicator · IND · pH
    Average surface seawater pH measured at representative sampling stations in the country’s waters.
  12. 연간 해양 폭염 일수
    Indicator · IND · d/a
    Average annual number of days on which sea surface temperature in the country’s waters exceeds the seasonally varying 90th percentile of a 1982–2011 baseline for five or more consecutive days.
  13. 생물학적으로 지속 가능한 수준의 어족 자원
    Indicator · IND · %
    Share of assessed marine fish stocks whose abundance is at or above the level producing maximum sustainable yield.
  14. 1인당 생활폐기물 발생량
    Indicator · IND · kg/a/person
    Mass of municipal solid waste generated per resident per year, from national or city waste statistics.
  15. 관리 시설에서 처리된 생활폐기물
    Indicator · IND · %
    Share of municipal solid waste generated that is collected and then managed in controlled recovery or disposal facilities.
  16. 1인당 부적절하게 관리된 플라스틱 폐기물
    Indicator · IND · kg/a/person
    Mass of plastic waste per resident per year that is littered, openly burned or disposed of in uncontrolled dumps, from waste-flow models.
  17. Air pollution sub-index
    Sub-index · SUB · w 1 · 25.0%
    Composite of population-weighted PM2.5 exposure, the share above the WHO guideline and seasonal peak ozone.
  18. Land and forest degradation sub-index
    Sub-index · SUB · w 1 · 25.0%
    Composite of tree cover loss rate, degraded land share and forest cover.
  19. Biodiversity status sub-index
    Sub-index · SUB · w 1 · 25.0%
    Composite of the Red List Index, the Biodiversity Intactness Index and protection of key biodiversity areas.
  20. Ocean condition sub-index
    Sub-index · SUB · w 0.5 · 12.5%
    Composite of coastal eutrophication, marine acidity, marine heatwave days and the share of sustainably fished stocks.
  21. Waste pressure sub-index
    Sub-index · SUB · w 0.5 · 12.5%
    Composite of municipal solid waste generation, the share managed in controlled facilities and mismanaged plastic waste.
  22. 환경 압력 지수
    Domain index · IDX · arithmetic
    0–10 index of environmental pressure and ecosystem condition combining air pollution, land and forest degradation, biodiversity status, ocean condition and waste pressure.
  23. 인간 및 시스템 취약성
    Pillar · PILLAR · 8 indices
    How susceptible are people, livelihoods, ecosystems and essential systems to harm when a shock arrives?
  24. NXS-GRX (canonical data, provenance and risk) Composite Risk
    Composite · COMPOSITE · four pillars
    Composite = (HTE × VUL × MSF × LCC)^(1/4), each pillar on 0–10 floored at 0.1; pillar = expert-weighted geometric mean of its domain indices
실행 전진행 중완료
FIG 2. 16 indicators, 5 components, real Indicator Standard weights (the bar under each node is its share). Select a node to trace what it feeds and what feeds it; Simulate run plays the computation in order. Schematic of the construction; source: Indicator Standard composite definitions.
02Simulator

Run this index’s own aggregation

Set each component, change the aggregation or the weight uncertainty, and watch the interval, the class probability and each component’s contribution respond.

FIG 3 · Simulator: aggregate environmental pressure on your numbers
Components (0 to 10)
3.0
5.0
7.0
4.0
6.0
25
1
–
브라우저에서 실행됨
Contribution of each component (leave one out)
Simulator: the index’s published aggregation run on numbers you set, with 1,000 draws over weights and aggregation. The slider positions are starting points for the explainer, not NXS-GRX values. Simulated on your own inputs; not a measured result.
03방법

Treatment, normalisation, weighting, aggregation, uncertainty

Treatment
WINSORISE
Outlier rule
|skew| > 2, kurtosis > 3.5
Normalisation
min–max rescaling
Imputation
NONE
Coverage minimum
60% of components
Modelled share cap
20% of weight
Weighting
equal
Aggregation
arithmetic
Scale
0 to 10
불확실성
1,000 Monte Carlo runs over normalisation, weights, aggregation, imputation
Framework basis
Yale EPI 2026 (structure only); UN SEEA Ecosystem Accounting; OECD/JRC Handbook (2008)
매우 낮음0.0 이상 2.0 미만
낮음2.0 이상 3.5 미만
중간3.5 이상 5.0 미만
높음5.0 이상 6.5 미만
매우 높음6.5~10.0
04Components

5 components, 16 indicators

Air pollution sub-index w 1

Composite of population-weighted PM2.5 exposure, the share above the WHO guideline and seasonal peak ozone.

지표단위근거출처비중
PM2.5 노출, 인구 가중 평균IND.ENV.air.pm25_exposureug/m3Class Cwb-wdi, who-ambient-air-quality-database, acag-satellite-pm25, copernicus-cams50.0%
WHO PM2.5 지침 초과 노출 인구, 비율IND.ENV.air.pm25_guideline_exceedance.share%Class Cwb-wdi, acag-satellite-pm25, jrc-ghsl-ghs-pop25.0%
계절별 최고 오존 노출IND.ENV.air.ozone_exposure[ppb]Class Cstate-of-global-air, copernicus-cams, toar25.0%

Land and forest degradation sub-index w 1

Composite of tree cover loss rate, degraded land share and forest cover.

지표단위근거출처비중
연간 수목 피복 손실률IND.ENV.land.tree_cover_loss.share%Class Cgfw-umd-tree-cover-loss40.0%
황폐화된 토지, 육지 면적 대비 비율IND.ENV.land.land_degradation.share%Class Cunccd-prais, trends-earth40.0%
산림 면적, 육지 면적 대비 비율IND.ENV.land.forest_cover.share%Class Bfao-fra, wb-wdi20.0%

Biodiversity status sub-index w 1

Composite of the Red List Index, the Biodiversity Intactness Index and protection of key biodiversity areas.

지표단위근거출처비중
적색 목록 지수IND.ENV.biodiversity.red_list_index1Class Biucn-red-list, un-sdg-database33.3%
생물다양성 온전성 지수IND.ENV.biodiversity.biodiversity_intactness1Class Cnhm-predicts-bii33.3%
보호구역에 포함된 핵심 생물다양성 지역IND.ENV.biodiversity.key_biodiversity_area_protected.share%Class Bkba-partnership, wdpa-protected-planet, un-sdg-database33.3%

Ocean condition sub-index w 0.5

Composite of coastal eutrophication, marine acidity, marine heatwave days and the share of sustainably fished stocks.

지표단위근거출처비중
연안 부영양화 지수IND.ENV.ocean.coastal_eutrophication%Class Cunep-global-environment-monitoring, copernicus-marine25.0%
평균 해양 산성도(pH)IND.ENV.ocean.ocean_acidity[pH]Class Bioc-unesco-sdg1431-portal, socat25.0%
연간 해양 폭염 일수IND.ENV.ocean.marine_heatwave_daysd/aClass Cnoaa-oisst, copernicus-marine25.0%
생물학적으로 지속 가능한 수준의 어족 자원IND.ENV.ocean.sustainable_fish_stocks.share%Class Bfao-fisheries-sofia25.0%

Waste pressure sub-index w 0.5

Composite of municipal solid waste generation, the share managed in controlled facilities and mismanaged plastic waste.

지표단위근거출처비중
1인당 생활폐기물 발생량IND.ENV.pollution.msw_generation.pckg/a/{person}Class Bwb-what-a-waste, unstats-environment-waste, unep-global-waste-outlook33.3%
관리 시설에서 처리된 생활폐기물IND.ENV.pollution.msw_controlled_management.share%Class Bun-habitat-waste-wise-cities, un-sdg-database33.3%
1인당 부적절하게 관리된 플라스틱 폐기물IND.ENV.pollution.mismanaged_plastic_waste.pckg/a/{person}Class Doecd-global-plastics-outlook, peer-reviewed-plastic-flow-models33.3%
05영역

환경과 생물다양성

Pollution, ecosystem condition, land and biodiversity, and nature dependence.

Sub-domain지표
대기질3
Land and forests5
생물다양성4
Ocean5
Pollution and waste3
Nature dependence2

Anchor frameworks (pillar structure and definitions only): Yale EPI 2026; UN SEEA; TNFD; ESRS E2-E5; SDG 14, 15.

06지표

All 22 environment and biodiversity indicators

FIG 4 · Indicators in scope, by domain and sub-domain
ENV · 22
Area is the number of indicator definitions; colour is the pillar the domain feeds (Macroeconomy and Space feed through their indices). Select a block to filter the table. Source: Indicator Standard Nexus Indicator Standard register.
지표영역Sub-domain구성 요소단위단계Crosswalks
PM2.5 노출, 인구 가중 평균IND.ENV.air.pm25_exposureENV대기질hazardug/m3COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRIDWB_WDI EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3 SDG 11.6.2 EPI PMD
WHO PM2.5 지침 초과 노출 인구, 비율IND.ENV.air.pm25_guideline_exceedance.shareENV대기질exposure%COUNTRY, ADM1, CITYWB_WDI EN.ATM.PM25.MC.ZS
계절별 최고 오존 노출IND.ENV.air.ozone_exposureENV대기질hazard[ppb]COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID
육지 면적IND.ENV.land.land_areaENVLand and forestscontextkm2COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITYWB_WDI AG.LND.TOTL.K2
산림 면적, 육지 면적 대비 비율IND.ENV.land.forest_cover.shareENVLand and forestsvulnerability%COUNTRY, ADM1SDG 15.1.1 WB_WDI AG.LND.FRST.ZS
연간 수목 피복 손실률IND.ENV.land.tree_cover_loss.shareENVLand and forestshazard%COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRIDEPI TCL
황폐화된 토지, 육지 면적 대비 비율IND.ENV.land.land_degradation.shareENVLand and forestshazard%COUNTRY, ADM1, GRIDSDG 15.3.1
도로 밀도IND.ENV.land.road_densityENVLand and forestshazardkm/km2COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
적색 목록 지수IND.ENV.biodiversity.red_list_indexENV생물다양성vulnerability1GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRYSDG 15.5.1
생물다양성 온전성 지수IND.ENV.biodiversity.biodiversity_intactnessENV생물다양성vulnerability1COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
육상 보호구역, 육지 면적 대비 비율IND.ENV.biodiversity.terrestrial_protected.shareENV생물다양성response%COUNTRY, ADM1WB_WDI ER.LND.PTLD.ZS
보호구역에 포함된 핵심 생물다양성 지역IND.ENV.biodiversity.key_biodiversity_area_protected.shareENV생물다양성response%COUNTRY, REGIONSDG 15.1.2
해양 보호구역, 영해 대비 비율IND.ENV.ocean.marine_protected.shareENVOceanresponse%COUNTRYWB_WDI ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS SDG 14.5.1
연안 부영양화 지수IND.ENV.ocean.coastal_eutrophicationENVOceanhazard%COUNTRY, REGIONSDG 14.1.1
평균 해양 산성도(pH)IND.ENV.ocean.ocean_acidityENVOceanhazard[pH]COUNTRY, REGION, SITESDG 14.3.1
생물학적으로 지속 가능한 수준의 어족 자원IND.ENV.ocean.sustainable_fish_stocks.shareENVOceanvulnerability%GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRYSDG 14.4.1
연간 해양 폭염 일수IND.ENV.ocean.marine_heatwave_daysENVOceanhazardd/aCOUNTRY, REGION, GRIDUNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0708
1인당 생활폐기물 발생량IND.ENV.pollution.msw_generation.pcENVPollution and wastehazardkg/a/{person}COUNTRY, CITY
관리 시설에서 처리된 생활폐기물IND.ENV.pollution.msw_controlled_management.shareENVPollution and wastecoping capacity%COUNTRY, CITYSDG 11.6.1 EPI MSW
1인당 부적절하게 관리된 플라스틱 폐기물IND.ENV.pollution.mismanaged_plastic_waste.pcENVPollution and wastehazardkg/a/{person}COUNTRY, ADM1
자연 의존도가 높은 부문의 GDP, 비율IND.ENV.nature_dependence.nature_dependent_gdp.shareENVNature dependenceexposure%COUNTRY, PORTFOLIO
동물 수분에 의존하는 작물 생산액, 비율IND.ENV.nature_dependence.pollinator_dependent_crops.shareENVNature dependenceexposure%COUNTRY, ADM1
07인용

Environmental pressure index, world

The world reading of this index, every country as a tile and the largest movements since the previous edition.

NXS-GRX · ENV · 195 profiles · 0–10 scale
Environmental pressure index, world
–
값은 판과 함께 게시되며, 구간, 등급, 변화가 여기에 표시됩니다.
이전 판
–
Range since 2016
–
결합 종합
–
결합 점수 S
–
동향, 최근 1주
–
Outlook, 12 months
–
방법
Indicator Standard 1.0 · NXS-GRX 2026
추출
1,000
Environmental pressure index, world, by edition

아직 공개된 값이 없습니다. 첫 판에서 구간 띠와 등급 경계와 함께 이력이 여기에 그려집니다.

The line is the point value by edition; the band is the 90% interval; dashed lines are the class bounds at 2, 3.5, 5 and 6.5.
아프리카54
DZA AGO BEN BWA BFA BDI CPV CMR CAF TCD COM COG CIV COD DJI EGY GNQ ERI SWZ ETH GAB GMB GHA GIN GNB KEN LSO LBR LBY MDG MWI MLI MRT MUS MAR MOZ NAM NER NGA RWA STP SEN SYC SLE SOM ZAF SSD SDN TGO TUN UGA TZA ZMB ZWE
아메리카35
ATG ARG BHS BRB BLZ BOL BRA CAN CHL COL CRI CUB DMA DOM ECU SLV GRD GTM GUY HTI HND JAM MEX NIC PAN PRY PER KNA LCA VCT SUR TTO USA URY VEN
아시아48
AFG ARM AZE BHR BGD BTN BRN KHM CHN CYP PRK GEO IND IDN IRN IRQ ISR JPN JOR KAZ KWT KGZ LAO LBN MYS MDV MNG MMR NPL OMN PAK PHL QAT KOR SAU SGP LKA PSE SYR TJK THA TLS TUR TKM ARE UZB VNM YEM
유럽44
ALB AND AUT BLR BEL BIH BGR HRV CZE DNK EST FIN FRA DEU GRC VAT HUN ISL IRL ITA LVA LIE LTU LUX MLT MCO MNE NLD MKD NOR POL PRT MDA ROU RUS SMR SRB SVK SVN ESP SWE CHE UKR GBR
오세아니아14
AUS FJI KIR MHL FSM NRU NZL PLW PNG WSM SLB TON TUV VUT
아직 변동이 없습니다. 두 번째 판부터는 이전 판 대비 변화가 이를 이끈 지표와 함께 여기에 표시됩니다.
08값

Country values

FIG 5 · Environmental pressure index: countries (values when released)
지도를 불러오는 중
안도라앤티가 바부다바레인바베이도스코모로카보베르데도미니카미크로네시아그레나다키리바시세인트키츠 네비스세인트루시아리히텐슈타인모나코몰디브마셜 제도몰타모리셔스나우루팔라우싱가포르산마리노상투메 프린시페세이셸통가투발루교황청세인트빈센트 그레나딘사모아
Equal Earth · Natural Earth 1:110mValues when released
Until the first edition is released the map shows UN M49 regions or the Nexus Reports edition; it then shows this index’s classes with each country’s interval on hover. Countries are listed by name, never ordered by value.
타일
/api/v1/public/grix/risk-products/tiles/env/{z}/{x}/{y}.mvt
관측 키
nis:IDX.ENV.biodiversity.environmental_pressure:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A
09시리즈

Series that read this index

GLBGlobal SystemsThe state of interdependent global risk: the twenty domain indices aggregated to the world, the five core systems (water, energy, food, health, biodiversity) and their couplings, the global tail register and the gap between perceived and measured risk. GS-11Global BiodiversityEnvironmental pressure, ecosystem condition, nature dependency of economies and the nature–climate–water–food feedbacks. GS-12Global Earth observationWhat Earth observation can and cannot see of risk: coverage, revisit, latency and the observing systems behind NXS-GRX. SR-04MineralsCritical-mineral concentration, processing dependency, price and export-restriction risk, and the environmental and social footprint of extraction. SR-09Planetary boundariesEarth-system boundaries and tipping elements as slow-onset, high-impact risk. XT-18Climate intervention technologiesCarbon removal and proposed climate interventions: physical, governance and termination risks, read from published assessments only. TH-01Nexus InterdependencyThe water, energy, food, health and biodiversity systems read together: drought to energy stress, energy disruption to health stress, biodiversity loss to food-system stress, flood to water contamination, heat to health and grid stress, cyber-physical disruption across all five.
10Validity

Crosswalks and validity checks

Crosswalks map leaf indicators to source code lists; established indices are used for validity checks, never re-weighted as inputs.

Code systemLeaf indicators mapped
SDG9
WB_WDI3
EPI3
UNDRR_HIPS_20251
11Nexus 전반

Platforms, standards and ways to take part

Field and service platforms of GCRI, GRF and GRA, the Nexus Risk Standards for this domain, learning, working groups and open calls. Every link is a live page.

12인용

인용과 재사용

GCRI Canada (2026). The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX): Environmental pressure index (GRX-IDX-ENV), Baseline Edition 2026. Preparatory working draft. https://risksindex.com/indices/environmental-pressure/ UNI NXS-GRX-AR-000120.

See this index in every country profile

Each profile shows this index with its interval and class once released.

Country profiles All indices

상태

Global Risks Index의 방법론, 구조, 정의는 검토와 의견 수렴을 위해 배포된 예비 작업 초안(2026)이며 이행용이 아닙니다. 관리되는 근거 마감에 따라 판이 공개되기 전까지는 어떠한 값도 표시되지 않으며, 공개 후 값에는 구간, 등급, 출처, 정정 경로가 함께 표시됩니다. 시뮬레이터는 귀하가 선택한 숫자에 공개된 방법을 적용할 뿐이며 NXS-GRX 값을 표시하지 않습니다.

NXS-GRX가 아닌 것

NXS-GRX는 연구 및 리스크 분석 정보입니다. 신용등급이나 ESG 등급이 아니며 등급 척도를 사용하지 않고, 금융상품의 벤치마크도, 공식 통계도, 긴급 경보나 공식 분류도, 자문도 아닙니다. 자연인 평가에 사용해서는 안 됩니다. 리스크 등급은 공개된 척도 위의 구간이며, 국가나 사람의 순위가 결코 아닙니다.

기관과 출처

The Nexus Consortium is stewarded by three independent not-for-profit institutions: The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), through GCRI US in Washington, DC and GCRI Canada in Ontario, with GCRI Canada as Lead Institution, Consortium Secretariat and lead contracting organisation; The Global Risks Forum (GRF); and The Global Risks Alliance (GRA). Technology, infrastructure and service providers work with the Consortium at arm’s length under written agreements, like every other external party in the public-private-planet model, and hold no role in its stewardship.

모든 값에는 출처 표시가 함께 제공되며, 각 출처는 고유한 라이선스를 유지합니다. 외부 명칭은 상호운용성을 위해서만 인용됩니다. Nexus가 작성한 텍스트는 공개 시 CC BY 4.0 적용을 예정합니다.

Avis en français

La méthodologie et les définitions du NXS-GRX sont un projet de travail préparatoire (2026). Le NXS-GRX est une information de recherche et d’analyse des risques : ni notation, ni indice de référence financier, ni statistique officielle, ni alerte, ni conseil. Les classes de risque sont des bandes sur une échelle publiée, non des classements.