Osservazione della Terra globale
What Earth observation can and cannot see of risk: coverage, revisit, latency and the observing systems behind NXS-GRX (canonical data, provenance and risk).
6
Climate physical hazard · Climate transition exposure · Multi-hazard exposure · Environmental pressure.
150
5 index domains
23
Space and near-Earth · Atmosphere and weather · Land and ecosystems.
79
Hazard science · Risk data
Scope and questions
The subject is the one named by the Nexus Reports programme for this code.
- Where does observation coverage leave risk unseen?
- Which indices depend on a single observing system?
- How quickly can observation confirm an event?
Domain indices to the series index
The series index is the expert-weighted geometric mean of its domain indices, with the intervals and class rule of the methodology.
How the Global Earth observation index is built
-
Pericolo fisico climaticoDomain index · IDX · CLI0–10 index of physical climate hazard combining chronic change, observed extremes and projected change (projection sub-index taken at SSP2-4.5, 2041–2060 by default, with other scenarios as alternative runs).
-
Esposizione alla transizione climaticaDomain index · IDX · CLI0–10 index of an economy’s exposure to a low-carbon transition, combining transition exposure (fossil rents, fuel exports, subsidies) and emissions intensity (per capita and per unit of GDP).
-
Esposizione multi-pericoloDomain index · IDX · HAZINFORM-style 0–10 index of natural-hazard exposure: the geophysical, flood and coastal, storm and climatological sub-indices plus the multi-hazard population share, combined by a geometric mean of complements (10 minus each score) so that one severe hazard is not averaged away.
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Pressione ambientaleDomain index · IDX · ENV0–10 index of environmental pressure and ecosystem condition combining air pollution, land and forest degradation, biodiversity status, ocean condition and waste pressure.
-
Esposizione alla meteorologia spazialeDomain index · IDX · SPC0–10 index of space-weather exposure as the product of the space-weather hazard and space-service dependence sub-indices; mostly modelled and expert inputs, so its grade is capped.
-
Rischio di concentrazione tecnologicaDomain index · IDX · TECIndex of technology dependence, critical-mineral dependence and, inverted, innovation capacity and biosecurity oversight, on a 0–10 scale, higher meaning riskier.
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Global Earth observation indexSeries index · SERIES · GS-12What Earth observation can and cannot see of risk: coverage, revisit, latency and the observing systems behind NXS-GRX.
-
Country readingsOutput · OUTPUT · 195 profilesPublished with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
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Regional readingsOutput · OUTPUT · 5 regionsPublished with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
-
Global readingOutput · OUTPUT · population or exposure weightedPublished with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
Domain indices in this series
| Indice | Valore | Variazione | Variazione % | Intervallo al 90% | Classe · probabilità | Tendenza | Intervallo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pericolo fisico climaticoNXS-GRX · CLI |
– | – | – | – | – | ||
Esposizione alla transizione climaticaNXS-GRX · CLI |
– | – | – | – | – | ||
Esposizione multi-pericoloNXS-GRX · HAZ |
– | – | – | – | – | ||
Pressione ambientaleNXS-GRX · ENV |
– | – | – | – | – | ||
Esposizione alla meteorologia spazialeNXS-GRX · SPC |
– | – | – | – | – | ||
Rischio di concentrazione tecnologicaNXS-GRX · TEC |
– | – | – | – | – |
Domains read: Hazard and exposure, Climate, Environment and biodiversity, Space environment, Technology and frontier.
150 indicators in scope
Every indicator whose primary or secondary domain is in scope, with unit, levels and crosswalks to source code lists.
| Indicatore | Dominio | Sub-domain | Componente | Unità | Livelli | Crosswalks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Costo fiscale annuo atteso dei disastri, quota del PILIND.FIS.contingent.disaster_fiscal_cost.gdp |
FIS | Contingent liabilities | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY | |
Divario di protezione dalle catastrofi naturaliIND.FIN.nbfi.nat_cat_protection_gap |
FIN | Non-bank financial intermediation | vulnerability | % |
REGION, COUNTRY | |
Esposizione bancaria verso settori ad alta intensità di carbonioIND.FIN.climate_finance.carbon_intensive_exposure |
FIN | Climate-related financial exposure | exposure | % |
COUNTRY | |
Prestiti bancari esposti a un elevato rischio fisico climaticoIND.FIN.climate_finance.physical_risk_lending |
FIN | Climate-related financial exposure | exposure | % |
COUNTRY | |
Rendite da risorse naturali, quota del PILIND.ECO.concentration.natural_resource_rents.gdp |
ECO | Export and import concentration | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI NY.GDP.TOTL.RT.ZS |
Dipendenza netta dalle importazioni di minerali criticiIND.ECO.concentration.critical_minerals_import_reliance |
ECO | Export and import concentration | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY | |
Riscaldamento superficiale rispetto all'epoca preindustrialeIND.CLI.physical_chronic.warming_since_preindustrial |
CLI | Chronic physical change | hazard | K |
GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | FAO_FAOSTAT ET |
Variazione delle precipitazioni annueIND.CLI.physical_chronic.precipitation_change |
CLI | Chronic physical change | hazard | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
Tasso di innalzamento relativo del livello del mareIND.CLI.physical_chronic.relative_sea_level_trend |
CLI | Chronic physical change | hazard | mm/a |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 EN0402 |
Giorno più caldo dell'anno (TXx)IND.CLI.physical_acute.txx |
CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | Cel |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | |
Quota di giorni caldi (TX90p)IND.CLI.physical_acute.tx90p |
CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
Variazione dei giorni molto caldi (35 °C o più)IND.CLI.physical_acute.hot_days_change |
CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | d/a |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | |
Durata dei periodi caldi (WSDI)IND.CLI.physical_acute.warm_spell_duration |
CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | d/a |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
Giorno più piovoso dell'anno (Rx1day)IND.CLI.physical_acute.rx1day |
CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | mm |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | |
Cinque giorni più piovosi dell'anno (Rx5day)IND.CLI.physical_acute.rx5day |
CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | mm |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
Precipitazioni dei giorni molto piovosi (R95pTOT)IND.CLI.physical_acute.very_wet_day_share |
CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
Periodo secco più lungo (CDD)IND.CLI.physical_acute.consecutive_dry_days |
CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | d |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
Assets vulnerable to climate-related physical risks, shareIND.CLI.physical_acute.physical_risk_vulnerable_assets.share |
CLI | Acute climate extremes | exposure | % |
SITE, PORTFOLIO | IFRS_S2 29(c) |
Riscaldamento previsto rispetto all'epoca preindustrialeIND.CLI.projection.projected_warming |
CLI | Scenario projections | hazard | K |
GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
Variazione prevista della temperatura del giorno più caldoIND.CLI.projection.projected_txx_change |
CLI | Scenario projections | hazard | K |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
Variazione prevista delle precipitazioni dei cinque giorni più piovosiIND.CLI.projection.projected_rx5day_change |
CLI | Scenario projections | hazard | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
Innalzamento relativo previsto del livello del mareIND.CLI.projection.projected_sea_level_rise |
CLI | Scenario projections | hazard | m |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE | |
Popolazione al di sotto del futuro livello di piena costiera con periodo di ritorno di 100 anni, quotaIND.CLI.projection.slr_coastal_population_exposed.share |
CLI | Scenario projections | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | WB_WDI EN.POP.EL5M.ZS |
Emissioni totali di gas serra escluso il LULUCFIND.CLI.emissions.ghg_total |
CLI | Emissions | exposure | Mt/a |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5 SDG 13.2.2 |
Emissioni di gas serra pro capiteIND.CLI.emissions.ghg_per_capita |
CLI | Emissions | exposure | t/a/{person} |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI EN.GHG.ALL.PC.CE.AR5 EPI GHP |
Intensità di carbonio del PILIND.CLI.emissions.carbon_intensity_gdp |
CLI | Emissions | exposure | kg/[USD] |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI EN.GHG.CO2.RT.GDP.KD SDG 9.4.1 |
Financed emissions of a portfolioIND.CLI.emissions.financed_emissions |
CLI | Emissions | exposure | Mt/a |
PORTFOLIO | IFRS_S2 29(a)(vi) |
Rendite da combustibili fossili, quota del PILIND.CLI.transition.fossil_fuel_rents.gdp |
CLI | Transition exposure | exposure | % |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI NY.GDP.PETR.RT.ZS WB_WDI NY.GDP.NGAS.RT.ZS WB_WDI NY.GDP.COAL.RT.ZS |
Esportazioni di combustibili, quota delle esportazioni di merciIND.CLI.transition.fossil_fuel_exports.share |
CLI | Transition exposure | exposure | % |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI TX.VAL.FUEL.ZS.UN |
Sussidi espliciti ai combustibili fossili, quota del PILIND.CLI.transition.fossil_fuel_subsidies.gdp |
CLI | Transition exposure | exposure | % |
COUNTRY | |
Assets vulnerable to climate-related transition risks, shareIND.CLI.transition.transition_risk_vulnerable_assets.share |
CLI | Transition exposure | exposure | % |
PORTFOLIO | IFRS_S2 29(b) |
Obiettivo di emissioni NDC 2030 per l'intera economiaIND.CLI.transition.ndc_target_ambition |
CLI | Transition exposure | response | % |
COUNTRY | SDG 13.2.1 |
Piano nazionale di adattamento presentatoIND.CLI.adaptation.nap_submitted |
CLI | Adaptation readiness | adaptive capacity | {bool} |
COUNTRY | SDG 13.2.1 |
Prontezza economica agli investimenti per l'adattamentoIND.CLI.adaptation.economic_readiness |
CLI | Adaptation readiness | adaptive capacity | {score} |
COUNTRY | ND_GAIN economic |
Prontezza della governance per l'adattamentoIND.CLI.adaptation.governance_readiness |
CLI | Adaptation readiness | adaptive capacity | {score} |
COUNTRY | ND_GAIN governance |
Prontezza sociale per l'adattamentoIND.CLI.adaptation.social_readiness |
CLI | Adaptation readiness | adaptive capacity | {score} |
COUNTRY | ND_GAIN social |
Finanza internazionale per l'adattamento ricevuta pro capiteIND.CLI.adaptation.adaptation_finance_received.pc |
CLI | Adaptation readiness | adaptive capacity | [USD] |
COUNTRY | |
Popolazione esposta a due o più pericoli maggiori, quotaIND.HAZ.multi.multi_hazard_exposure.share |
HAZ | Multi-hazard | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | INFORM HA.NAT |
Perdita media annua multi-pericolo, quota del PILIND.HAZ.multi.aal.gdp |
HAZ | Multi-hazard | impact | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, PORTFOLIO | |
Perdita media annua multi-pericolo, quota dello stock di capitale prodottoIND.HAZ.multi.aal.capital_stock |
HAZ | Multi-hazard | impact | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, PORTFOLIO | |
Perdita massima probabile con periodo di ritorno di 250 anni, quota del PILIND.HAZ.multi.pml_rp250.gdp |
HAZ | Multi-hazard | impact | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, PORTFOLIO | |
Accelerazione di picco al suolo con periodo di ritorno di 475 anniIND.HAZ.seismic.pga_rp475 |
HAZ | Seismic and volcanic | hazard | [g] |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 GH0101 INFORM HA.NAT.EQ |
Persone esposte a forti scuotimenti sismici, media annuaIND.HAZ.seismic.eq_population_exposed |
HAZ | Seismic and volcanic | exposure | {persons} |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | INFORM EX_EQ_MMI8 |
Persone esposte a forti scuotimenti sismici, quota della popolazioneIND.HAZ.seismic.eq_population_exposed.share |
HAZ | Seismic and volcanic | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | |
Perdita media annua da terremoti, quota del PILIND.HAZ.seismic.eq_aal.gdp |
HAZ | Seismic and volcanic | impact | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, PORTFOLIO | |
Popolazione entro 30 km da un vulcano olocenicoIND.HAZ.seismic.volcano_population_30km |
HAZ | Seismic and volcanic | exposure | {persons} |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 GH0203 |
Probabilità di ricaduta dannosa di cenere vulcanica in 100 anniIND.HAZ.seismic.ash_fall_probability |
HAZ | Seismic and volcanic | hazard | 1 |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 GH0202 EMDAT nat-geo-vol-ash |
Livello estremo del mare in acqua calma con periodo di ritorno di 100 anniIND.HAZ.coastal.extreme_sea_level_rp100 |
HAZ | Coastal and sea level | hazard | m |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0703 EMDAT nat-met-sto-sur |
Popolazione nella pianura alluvionale costiera con periodo di ritorno di 100 anni, quotaIND.HAZ.coastal.coastal_flood_population_exposed.share |
HAZ | Coastal and sea level | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | INFORM EX_CFL UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0601 |
Popolazione al di sotto dei 5 m di quota, quotaIND.HAZ.coastal.low_elevation_population.share |
HAZ | Coastal and sea level | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | WB_WDI EN.POP.EL5M.ZS |
Altezza massima di inondazione da tsunami con periodo di ritorno di 500 anniIND.HAZ.coastal.tsunami_inundation_rp500 |
HAZ | Coastal and sea level | hazard | m |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0705 INFORM HA.NAT.TS |
Popolazione esposta a tsunami, quotaIND.HAZ.coastal.tsunami_population_exposed.share |
HAZ | Coastal and sea level | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | INFORM EX_TS EMDAT nat-geo-ear-tsu |
Fluvial flood depth at 100-year return periodIND.HAZ.flood.river_flood_depth_rp100 |
HAZ | Flood | hazard | m |
ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID, SITE | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0604 EMDAT nat-hyd-flo-riv |
Pluvial and flash flood depth at 100-year return periodIND.HAZ.flood.pluvial_flood_depth_rp100 |
HAZ | Flood | hazard | m |
ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID, SITE | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0603 UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0606 EMDAT nat-hyd-flo-fla |
Persone esposte a piene fluviali, media annuaIND.HAZ.flood.flood_population_exposed |
HAZ | Flood | exposure | {persons} |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY | INFORM EX_FL INFORM HA.NAT.FL |
Persone esposte a piene fluviali, quota della popolazioneIND.HAZ.flood.flood_population_exposed.share |
HAZ | Flood | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY | |
Standard di progetto della protezione dalle alluvioniIND.HAZ.flood.flood_protection_standard |
HAZ | Flood | coping capacity | a |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE | |
Perdita media annua da piene fluviali, quota del PILIND.HAZ.flood.flood_aal.gdp |
HAZ | Flood | impact | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, PORTFOLIO | |
Velocità del vento dei cicloni tropicali con periodo di ritorno di 100 anniIND.HAZ.storm.tc_wind_rp100 |
HAZ | Tropical and severe storms | hazard | m/s |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0309 INFORM HA.NAT.TC |
Probabilità annua di venti ciclonici di categoria 1 o superioreIND.HAZ.storm.tc_cat1_probability |
HAZ | Tropical and severe storms | hazard | 1 |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE | |
Persone esposte a venti ciclonici di categoria 1, media annuaIND.HAZ.storm.tc_population_exposed |
HAZ | Tropical and severe storms | exposure | {persons} |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | INFORM EX_TC_SS1 |
Persone esposte a venti ciclonici di categoria 1, quota della popolazioneIND.HAZ.storm.tc_population_exposed.share |
HAZ | Tropical and severe storms | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | |
Perdita media annua da cicloni tropicali, quota del PILIND.HAZ.storm.tc_aal.gdp |
HAZ | Tropical and severe storms | impact | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, PORTFOLIO | |
Giorni di grandine di grandi dimensioni all'annoIND.HAZ.storm.large_hail_days |
HAZ | Tropical and severe storms | hazard | d/a |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID, SITE | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0404 EMDAT nat-met-sto-hai |
Giorni con condizioni favorevoli a forti temporaliIND.HAZ.storm.severe_convective_days |
HAZ | Tropical and severe storms | hazard | d/a |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0103 EMDAT nat-met-sto-sev |
Frequenza della siccità meteorologica graveIND.HAZ.drought.spei_drought_frequency |
HAZ | Siccità | hazard | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0401 INFORM HA.NAT.DR |
Frequenza dello stress da siccità agricolaIND.HAZ.drought.agricultural_stress_frequency |
HAZ | Siccità | hazard | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | INFORM ASI |
Persone colpite dalla siccità, quota media annuaIND.HAZ.drought.drought_affected.share |
HAZ | Siccità | impact | % |
COUNTRY | INFORM AFF_DR EMDAT nat-cli-dro-dro |
Giorni di caldo umido pericoloso all'annoIND.HAZ.heat.dangerous_heat_days |
HAZ | Extreme heat | hazard | d/a |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0501 |
Eventi di esposizione alle ondate di calore per personaIND.HAZ.heat.heatwave_person_days |
HAZ | Extreme heat | exposure | d/a |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | |
Popolazione esposta al caldo estremo, quotaIND.HAZ.heat.heat_population_exposed.share |
HAZ | Extreme heat | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | |
Giorni con condizioni meteorologiche estreme per gli incendi all'annoIND.HAZ.wildfire.extreme_fire_weather_days |
HAZ | Incendio boschivo | hazard | d/a |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
Superficie bruciata annua, quota della superficie terrestreIND.HAZ.wildfire.burned_area.share |
HAZ | Incendio boschivo | hazard | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 EN0205 EMDAT nat-cli-wil-wil |
Popolazione nell'interfaccia urbano-foresta, quotaIND.HAZ.wildfire.wui_population.share |
HAZ | Incendio boschivo | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | |
Popolazione in zone ad alta suscettibilità alle frane, quotaIND.HAZ.landslide.landslide_susceptible_population.share |
HAZ | Landslide | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 GH0300 |
Decessi per frane per 100,000 abitanti, media annuaIND.HAZ.landslide.fatal_landslide_rate |
HAZ | Landslide | impact | /10*5 |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | EMDAT nat-hyd-mmw-lan |
Popolazione vicina a siti industriali a pericolo di incidente rilevante, quotaIND.HAZ.technological.major_hazard_site_population.share |
HAZ | Tecnologico | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 TL0304 UNDRR_HIPS_2025 TL0309 |
Popolazione entro 30 km da un reattore nucleare in funzioneIND.HAZ.technological.nuclear_population_30km |
HAZ | Tecnologico | exposure | {persons} |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 TL0208 |
Decessi per incidenti industriali per 100,000 abitanti, media annuaIND.HAZ.technological.industrial_accident_deaths |
HAZ | Tecnologico | impact | /10*5 |
COUNTRY | EMDAT tec-ind-ind-ind |
Superficie edificataIND.HAZ.exposure.built_up_area |
HAZ | Esposizione | context | km2 |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
Stock di capitale prodottoIND.HAZ.exposure.capital_stock |
HAZ | Esposizione | context | [USD] |
COUNTRY, ADM1, PORTFOLIO | |
Area edificata in zone ad alto pericoloIND.HAZ.exposure.built_up_exposed |
HAZ | Esposizione | exposure | km2 |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
Area edificata in zone ad alto pericolo, quotaIND.HAZ.exposure.built_up_exposed.share |
HAZ | Esposizione | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY | |
PIL generato in zone ad alto pericolo, quotaIND.HAZ.exposure.gdp_exposed.share |
HAZ | Esposizione | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | |
Morti e dispersi per disastri per 100,000 abitantiIND.HAZ.loss.deaths_missing_rate |
HAZ | Losses and impacts | impact | /10*5 |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | SENDAI A-1 SDG 1.5.1 |
Persone direttamente colpite da disastri per 100,000 abitantiIND.HAZ.loss.directly_affected_rate |
HAZ | Losses and impacts | impact | /10*5 |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | SENDAI B-1 SDG 1.5.1 |
Perdita economica diretta da disastri, quota del PILIND.HAZ.loss.direct_economic_loss.gdp |
HAZ | Losses and impacts | impact | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | SENDAI C-1 SDG 1.5.2 |
Morti per disastri registrati per 100,000 abitanti, media su 30 anniIND.HAZ.loss.recorded_disaster_deaths |
HAZ | Losses and impacts | impact | /10*5 |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | EMDAT Total Deaths |
Persone colpite da disastri registrati per 100,000 abitanti, media su 30 anniIND.HAZ.loss.recorded_disaster_affected |
HAZ | Losses and impacts | impact | /10*5 |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | EMDAT Total Affected |
Danni da disastri registrati, quota del PIL, media su 30 anniIND.HAZ.loss.recorded_disaster_damage.gdp |
HAZ | Losses and impacts | impact | % |
COUNTRY | EMDAT Total Damage, Adjusted ('000 US$) |
Esposizione al PM2.5, media ponderata per la popolazioneIND.ENV.air.pm25_exposure |
ENV | Qualità dell'aria | hazard | ug/m3 |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | WB_WDI EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3 SDG 11.6.2 EPI PMD |
Popolazione esposta oltre il valore guida OMS per il PM2.5, quotaIND.ENV.air.pm25_guideline_exceedance.share |
ENV | Qualità dell'aria | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | WB_WDI EN.ATM.PM25.MC.ZS |
Esposizione stagionale ai picchi di ozonoIND.ENV.air.ozone_exposure |
ENV | Qualità dell'aria | hazard | [ppb] |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | |
Superficie terrestreIND.ENV.land.land_area |
ENV | Land and forests | context | km2 |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY | WB_WDI AG.LND.TOTL.K2 |
Superficie forestale, quota della superficie terrestreIND.ENV.land.forest_cover.share |
ENV | Land and forests | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | SDG 15.1.1 WB_WDI AG.LND.FRST.ZS |
Tasso annuo di perdita di copertura arboreaIND.ENV.land.tree_cover_loss.share |
ENV | Land and forests | hazard | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRID | EPI TCL |
Terreni degradati, quota della superficie terrestreIND.ENV.land.land_degradation.share |
ENV | Land and forests | hazard | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | SDG 15.3.1 |
Densità stradaleIND.ENV.land.road_density |
ENV | Land and forests | hazard | km/km2 |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
Indice della Lista RossaIND.ENV.biodiversity.red_list_index |
ENV | Biodiversità | vulnerability | 1 |
GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRY | SDG 15.5.1 |
Indice di integrità della biodiversitàIND.ENV.biodiversity.biodiversity_intactness |
ENV | Biodiversità | vulnerability | 1 |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
Aree protette terrestri, quota della superficie terrestreIND.ENV.biodiversity.terrestrial_protected.share |
ENV | Biodiversità | response | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | WB_WDI ER.LND.PTLD.ZS |
Aree chiave per la biodiversità coperte da aree protetteIND.ENV.biodiversity.key_biodiversity_area_protected.share |
ENV | Biodiversità | response | % |
COUNTRY, REGION | SDG 15.1.2 |
Aree marine protette, quota delle acque territorialiIND.ENV.ocean.marine_protected.share |
ENV | Ocean | response | % |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS SDG 14.5.1 |
Indice di eutrofizzazione costieraIND.ENV.ocean.coastal_eutrophication |
ENV | Ocean | hazard | % |
COUNTRY, REGION | SDG 14.1.1 |
Acidità marina media (pH)IND.ENV.ocean.ocean_acidity |
ENV | Ocean | hazard | [pH] |
COUNTRY, REGION, SITE | SDG 14.3.1 |
Stock ittici entro livelli biologicamente sostenibiliIND.ENV.ocean.sustainable_fish_stocks.share |
ENV | Ocean | vulnerability | % |
GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRY | SDG 14.4.1 |
Giorni di ondata di calore marina all'annoIND.ENV.ocean.marine_heatwave_days |
ENV | Ocean | hazard | d/a |
COUNTRY, REGION, GRID | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0708 |
Rifiuti solidi urbani prodotti pro capiteIND.ENV.pollution.msw_generation.pc |
ENV | Pollution and waste | hazard | kg/a/{person} |
COUNTRY, CITY | |
Rifiuti solidi urbani gestiti in impianti controllatiIND.ENV.pollution.msw_controlled_management.share |
ENV | Pollution and waste | coping capacity | % |
COUNTRY, CITY | SDG 11.6.1 EPI MSW |
Rifiuti di plastica gestiti in modo inadeguato pro capiteIND.ENV.pollution.mismanaged_plastic_waste.pc |
ENV | Pollution and waste | hazard | kg/a/{person} |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | |
PIL in settori fortemente dipendenti dalla natura, quotaIND.ENV.nature_dependence.nature_dependent_gdp.share |
ENV | Nature dependence | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, PORTFOLIO | |
Valore della produzione agricola dipendente dall'impollinazione animale, quotaIND.ENV.nature_dependence.pollinator_dependent_crops.share |
ENV | Nature dependence | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | |
Corpi idrici con buona qualità ambientale dell'acquaIND.WAT.quality.good_ambient_water_quality.share |
WAT | Water quality | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | SDG 6.3.2 |
Flussi di acque reflue trattati in modo sicuroIND.WAT.quality.wastewater_safely_treated.share |
WAT | Water quality | coping capacity | % |
COUNTRY, CITY | SDG 6.3.1 EPI WWT |
Severe geomagnetic storm days per yearIND.SPC.weather.severe_geomagnetic_storm_days |
SPC | Meteorologia spaziale | hazard | d/a |
GLOBAL | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 ET0101 EMDAT nat-ext-spa-geo |
Ampiezza del campo geoelettrico con periodo di ritorno di 100 anniIND.SPC.weather.geoelectric_field_rp100 |
SPC | Meteorologia spaziale | hazard | V/km |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
Strong solar radiation storm days per yearIND.SPC.weather.radiation_storm_days |
SPC | Meteorologia spaziale | hazard | d/a |
GLOBAL | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 ET0104 EMDAT nat-ext-spa-ene |
PIL in attività dipendenti dai GNSS, quotaIND.SPC.dependence.gnss_dependent_gdp.share |
SPC | Space-service dependence | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, PORTFOLIO | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 ET0102 |
Servizi critici che dipendono da satelliti senza sistemi di riserva, quotaIND.SPC.dependence.satellite_service_exposure.share |
SPC | Space-service dependence | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY | |
Rete ad alta tensione in zone ad alto pericolo geoelettrico, quotaIND.SPC.dependence.grid_gic_exposure.share |
SPC | Space-service dependence | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | |
Incidenza della malariaIND.HLT.burden.malaria_incidence |
HLT | Disease burden and mortality | hazard | /10*3 |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI SH.MLR.INCD.P3 SDG 3.3.3 WHO_GHO SDGMALARIA |
Valore aggiunto di agricoltura, silvicoltura e pesca, quota del PILIND.FOO.agriculture.agri_value_added.gdp |
FOO | Agricultural production and dependence | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS |
Occupazione in agricoltura, quota dell'occupazione totaleIND.FOO.agriculture.agri_employment_share |
FOO | Agricultural production and dependence | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS |
Variabilità della resa dei cereali (15 anni)IND.FOO.agriculture.cereal_yield_variability |
FOO | Agricultural production and dependence | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY | |
Terreni coltivati, quota della superficie terrestreIND.FOO.agriculture.cropland.share |
FOO | Agricultural production and dependence | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRID | WB_WDI AG.LND.ARBL.ZS |
Vegetation Health Index sui terreni coltivatiIND.FOO.agriculture.vegetation_health_index |
FOO | Agricultural production and dependence | hazard | {score} |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRID | |
Sfollati interni, disastri (stock)IND.DEM.displacement.idp_disaster |
DEM | Forced displacement | impact | {persons} |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | IDMC disaster_total_displacement |
Sfollati interni, per 100,000 abitantiIND.DEM.displacement.idp_total.p100k |
DEM | Forced displacement | impact | /10*5 |
COUNTRY | |
Nuovi sfollamenti interni, disastriIND.DEM.displacement.new_displacement_disaster |
DEM | Forced displacement | impact | 1 |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | IDMC disaster_new_displacement WB_WDI VC.IDP.NWDS |
Nuovi sfollamenti interni, per 100,000 abitantiIND.DEM.displacement.new_displacement.p100k |
DEM | Forced displacement | impact | /10*5 |
COUNTRY | |
Quota rinnovabile del consumo finale totale di energiaIND.ENE.mix.renewable_share_tfec |
ENE | Energy mix | adaptive capacity | % |
COUNTRY | SDG 7.2.1 WB_WDI EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS |
Intensità di energia primaria del PILIND.ENE.mix.energy_intensity |
ENE | Energy mix | vulnerability | MJ/[USD] |
COUNTRY | SDG 7.3.1 WB_WDI EG.EGY.PRIM.PP.KD |
Quota fossile della generazione elettricaIND.ENE.mix.fossil_electricity_share |
ENE | Energy mix | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS |
Capacità di generazione rinnovabile installata pro capiteIND.ENE.mix.renewable_capacity.pc |
ENE | Energy mix | adaptive capacity | W/{person} |
COUNTRY | SDG 7.b.1 |
Gradi giorno di riscaldamento e raffrescamentoIND.ENE.reliability.thermal_demand_degree_days |
ENE | Reliability | hazard | K.d/a |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | |
Concentrazione dei fornitori di minerali critici importatiIND.ENE.minerals.critical_mineral_import_concentration |
ENE | Critical minerals | vulnerability | 1 |
COUNTRY | |
Rete stradale e ferroviaria in zone ad alto pericolo, quotaIND.INF.transport.network_exposed.share |
INF | Transport | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
Infrastrutture di approvvigionamento idrico in zone ad alto pericolo, quotaIND.INF.utilities.water_assets_exposed.share |
INF | Utilities | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
Impianti di generazione e rete elettrica in zone ad alto pericolo, quotaIND.INF.utilities.power_assets_exposed.share |
INF | Utilities | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
Strutture salvavita in zone ad alto pericolo, quotaIND.INF.utilities.lifeline_facilities_exposed.share |
INF | Utilities | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
Unità di infrastrutture critiche danneggiate o distrutte da disastriIND.INF.disruption.critical_infrastructure_damage |
INF | Service disruption | impact | 1 |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | SENDAI D-1 SDG 11.5.2 |
Perdita economica diretta alle infrastrutture critiche, quota del PILIND.INF.disruption.critical_infrastructure_loss.gdp |
INF | Service disruption | impact | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | SENDAI C-5 |
Spesa interna lorda in R&S, quota del PILIND.TEC.capability.rd_expenditure.gdp |
TEC | Technology capability | adaptive capacity | % |
COUNTRY | SDG 9.5.1 WB_WDI GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |
Ricercatori per milione di abitantiIND.TEC.capability.researchers_per_million |
TEC | Technology capability | adaptive capacity | /10*6 |
COUNTRY | SDG 9.5.2 WB_WDI SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6 |
Esportazioni ad alta tecnologia, quota delle esportazioni manifatturiereIND.TEC.capability.high_tech_exports |
TEC | Technology capability | adaptive capacity | % |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS SDG 9.b.1 |
Concentrazione dei fornitori di semiconduttori importatiIND.TEC.concentration.semiconductor_import_concentration |
TEC | Concentration and dependence | vulnerability | 1 |
COUNTRY | |
Concentrazione dei fornitori di infrastrutture cloudIND.TEC.concentration.cloud_provider_concentration |
TEC | Concentration and dependence | vulnerability | 1 |
COUNTRY | |
Capacità di calcolo per l'IA sotto controllo estero o di un unico fornitoreIND.TEC.ai.ai_compute_foreign_control |
TEC | Intelligenza artificiale | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY | |
Concentrazione dei fornitori di modelli di baseIND.TEC.ai.foundation_model_concentration |
TEC | Intelligenza artificiale | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY | |
Supervisione di biosicurezza dei laboratori ad alto contenimentoIND.TEC.bio.biosecurity_lab_oversight |
TEC | Biotecnologie | coping capacity | {score} |
COUNTRY |
Hazard families this series reads
families, each crosswalked to the UNDRR–ISC Hazard Information Profiles (2025) where a profile exists.
| Famiglia | Dominio | Pericoli | Count |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solar-terrestrial storms | Spazio e ambiente circumterrestre | Geomagnetic storm, Solar flare radio blackout, Solar radiation storm, Ionospheric disturbance, Geomagnetically induced current, Satellite space-environment anomaly, Thermospheric drag surge, Radiation-belt electron enhancement … | 9 |
| Impacts and orbital hazards | Spazio e ambiente circumterrestre | Near-Earth object approach, Meteorite impact, Airburst, Space debris, Orbital collision cascade, Uncontrolled re-entry, Spaceflight accident, Meteoroid stream encounter | 8 |
| Convective storms | Atmosfera e meteo | Thunderstorm, Lightning strike, Downburst, Tornado, Waterspout, Hail, Squall, Derecho … | 11 |
| Cyclonic storm systems | Atmosfera e meteo | Tropical cyclone, Subtropical cyclone, Extratropical cyclone, Low-pressure system, Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone, Polar low, Rapid cyclone intensification, Explosive cyclogenesis | 8 |
| Damaging wind | Atmosfera e meteo | Windstorm, Gale, Downslope windstorm, Clear-air turbulence | 4 |
| Precipitation extremes | Atmosfera e meteo | Intense rainfall, Heavy snowfall, Snowstorm, Blizzard, Lake-effect snow band, Freezing rain, Structural icing | 7 |
| Thermal extremes | Atmosfera e meteo | Heatwave, Humid heat stress, Cold wave, Livestock winter disaster, Hard freeze, Frost, Rapid thaw, Extreme night-time heat … | 9 |
| Airborne particles and low visibility | Atmosfera e meteo | Fog, Dust storm, Dust haze, Haze, Smoke plume, Airborne allergen surge | 6 |
| Large-scale circulation anomalies | Atmosfera e meteo | Atmospheric river, Atmospheric blocking, Tropical Pacific climate swing, Monsoon failure, Polar vortex disruption, Indian Ocean dipole event, North Atlantic pressure-seesaw extreme | 7 |
| Surface radiation extremes | Atmosfera e meteo | Extreme ultraviolet exposure, Stratospheric ozone loss episode | 2 |
| Vegetation and peat fire | Territorio ed ecosistemi | Extreme fire weather, Wildfire, Wildland-urban interface fire, Peat and underground fire, Fire regime shift | 5 |
| Forest and woodland stress | Territorio ed ecosistemi | Deforestation, Forest dieback, Large forest disturbance, Forest pest invasion, Native forest insect outbreak | 5 |
| Land and wetland degradation | Territorio ed ecosistemi | Land degradation, Desertification, Soil quality decline, Soil salinisation and sodicity, Wetland loss, Mangrove loss, Peatland drainage and degradation, Soil sealing … | 9 |
| Biodiversity and species stress | Territorio ed ecosistemi | Biodiversity loss, Coral bleaching, Pollinator decline, Fishery collapse, Mass wildlife mortality, Human-wildlife conflict, Wildlife disease panzootic, Insect decline … | 12 |
| Climate-state shifts | Territorio ed ecosistemi | Abrupt climate-system shift, Volcanic cooling | 2 |
| Ecosystem regime shifts | Territorio ed ecosistemi | Kelp forest collapse, Seagrass meadow loss, Lake clear-to-turbid shift, Woody plant encroachment, Coastal habitat squeeze, Food-web collapse | 6 |
| Planetary boundary transgressions | Confini planetari e punti di non ritorno del sistema Terra | Climate-forcing boundary transgression, Global temperature overshoot, Global warming acceleration, Atmospheric methane surge, Extinction-rate boundary transgression, Biosphere functional integrity loss, Land-system change boundary transgression, Blue-water flow disturbance … | 14 |
| Ice tipping elements | Confini planetari e punti di non ritorno del sistema Terra | Greenland ice sheet tipping, West Antarctic ice sheet collapse, East Antarctic subglacial basin retreat, Arctic winter sea-ice collapse, Antarctic sea-ice regime shift, Regional glacier extinction | 6 |
| Ocean circulation and marine tipping | Confini planetari e punti di non ritorno del sistema Terra | Atlantic overturning weakening, Atlantic overturning collapse, Subpolar gyre convection collapse, Antarctic overturning slowdown, Arctic Ocean atlantification, Warm-water coral reef die-off, Marine methane hydrate destabilisation | 7 |
| Biome tipping elements | Confini planetari e punti di non ritorno del sistema Terra | Amazon rainforest dieback, Boreal forest southern dieback, Boreal forest northern advance, Tropical forest carbon-sink reversal, Sahel vegetation regime shift | 5 |
| Carbon-cycle feedbacks | Confini planetari e punti di non ritorno del sistema Terra | Permafrost carbon release, Abrupt permafrost thaw emission, Subsea permafrost greenhouse gas release, Wetland methane feedback, Land carbon sink weakening, Ocean carbon sink weakening, Soil carbon respiration feedback | 7 |
| Atmospheric circulation and monsoon tipping | Confini planetari e punti di non ritorno del sistema Terra | South Asian monsoon regime shift, West African monsoon regime shift, South American monsoon weakening, East Asian monsoon regime shift, Tropical belt widening, Tropical Pacific regime change, Jet-stream regime change, Marine stratocumulus deck breakup … | 9 |
| Deep-time and cosmic catastrophes | Confini planetari e punti di non ritorno del sistema Terra | Supereruption, Large-magnitude explosive eruption, Flood-basalt eruption episode, Impact winter, Comet shower, Solar superflare, Gamma-ray burst, Nearby supernova … | 10 |
Method libraries
Each method has a reference implementation or declares the specialist model, data or adapter it still needs; none is promoted beyond its evidence.
Scienza dei pericoli
Hazard Intensity Footprint Screening · Earthquake Hazard · Earthquake Ground Motion · Earthquake Rupture · Liquefaction · Landslide · Tsunami …
Dati di rischio
Source Discovery · Source Fitness · Rights Resolver · Freshness Resolver · Provenance Resolver · Data Quality · Missingness Semantics …
Intelligence su esposizione e asset
Asset Exposure Aggregation · Physical Asset Inventory · Building Inventory · Population Exposure · Economic Exposure · Replacement Cost · Business Interruption Exposure …
Who uses it
Governments and national risk agencies
Prioritise prevention and preparedness. Plan with subnational layers. Track Sendai targets. Co-develop a national index.
UN system and humanitarian organisations
Compare needs across contexts with intervals. Watch weekly signals for review. Read outlooks for anticipatory planning.
Insurers, reinsurers and risk pools
Read hazard, exposure and protection-gap context. Run scenario and tail analytics. Study parametric index design questions.
Universities and research
Replicate every value. Study methods. Contribute data and review.
Nexus Reports
- Edition code
GS-12- Edition status
- prevista
- Oggetto
- Named by Nexus Reports
Cita e riutilizza
- Series key
grix:SER.GS-12:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A- Domain keys
nis:IDX.CLI.physical_chronic.climate_physical_risk:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:Anis:IDX.CLI.transition.transition_risk:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:Anis:IDX.HAZ.multi.hazard_exposure:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A
Every country reads this series
Each country profile carries the domain indices this series is built from.
Stato
La metodologia, la struttura e le definizioni di The Global Risks Index sono una bozza di lavoro preparatoria (2026), diffusa per esame e commenti e non destinata all’attuazione. Nessun valore compare finché un’edizione non viene pubblicata a partire da un taglio di evidenze regolamentato; i valori riporteranno allora intervalli, classi, fonti e il relativo percorso di correzione. I simulatori applicano i metodi pubblicati ai numeri che scegli e non mostrano mai un valore NXS-GRX.
Che cosa non è NXS-GRX
NXS-GRX è un'informazione di ricerca e di analisi del rischio. Non è un rating creditizio o ESG e non usa alcuna scala di rating, non è un indice di riferimento per strumenti finanziari, non è una statistica ufficiale, non è un allerta di emergenza né una classificazione ufficiale e non è una consulenza. Non deve essere usato per valutare persone fisiche. Le classi di rischio sono fasce su una scala pubblicata, mai graduatorie di paesi o persone.
Istituzioni e fonti
The Nexus Consortium is stewarded by three independent not-for-profit institutions: The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), through GCRI US in Washington, DC and GCRI Canada in Ontario, with GCRI Canada as Lead Institution, Consortium Secretariat and lead contracting organisation; The Global Risks Forum (GRF); and The Global Risks Alliance (GRA). Technology, infrastructure and service providers work with the Consortium at arm’s length under written agreements, like every other external party in the public-private-planet model, and hold no role in its stewardship.
Ogni valore riporta l’attribuzione delle proprie fonti, che mantengono le rispettive licenze. I nomi esterni sono citati unicamente a fini di interoperabilità. I testi redatti da Nexus sono destinati alla licenza CC BY 4.0 al momento della pubblicazione.
Avis en français
La méthodologie et les définitions du NXS-GRX sont un projet de travail préparatoire (2026). Le NXS-GRX est une information de recherche et d’analyse des risques : ni notation, ni indice de référence financier, ni statistique officielle, ni alerte, ni conseil. Les classes de risque sont des bandes sur une échelle publiée, non des classements.