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Il Global Risks Index

The Global Risks Index · GS-12 · Global sector series

Osservazione della Terra globale

What Earth observation can and cannot see of risk: coverage, revisit, latency and the observing systems behind NXS-GRX (canonical data, provenance and risk).

Page GRX-SER-GS-12Edition Baseline Edition 2026Evidence close 2026-09-30Subject Nexus ReportsNexus Reports GS-12 (planned)Values not yet publishedMethod v1.0.0-draft
FIG 1 · Series at a glance
Indici di dominio

6

Climate physical hazard · Climate transition exposure · Multi-hazard exposure · Environmental pressure.

Indicatori

150

5 index domains

Hazard families

23

Space and near-Earth · Atmosphere and weather · Land and ecosystems.

Metodi

79

Hazard science · Risk data

Counts from the indicator, hazard and model registries.
6
indici di dominio
150
indicators in scope
4
domini di pericolo
4
client groups

01Ambito

Scope and questions

The subject is the one named by the Nexus Reports programme for this code.

  1. Where does observation coverage leave risk unseen?
  2. Which indices depend on a single observing system?
  3. How quickly can observation confirm an event?
02Construction

Domain indices to the series index

The series index is the expert-weighted geometric mean of its domain indices, with the intervals and class rule of the methodology.

computation

How the Global Earth observation index is built

Graph10 nodes
Grafo
01Indici di dominio
02Series index
03Readings

100%
Indice
  1. Pericolo fisico climatico

    Domain index · IDX · CLI
    0–10 index of physical climate hazard combining chronic change, observed extremes and projected change (projection sub-index taken at SSP2-4.5, 2041–2060 by default, with other scenarios as alternative runs).
  2. Esposizione alla transizione climatica

    Domain index · IDX · CLI
    0–10 index of an economy’s exposure to a low-carbon transition, combining transition exposure (fossil rents, fuel exports, subsidies) and emissions intensity (per capita and per unit of GDP).
  3. Esposizione multi-pericolo

    Domain index · IDX · HAZ
    INFORM-style 0–10 index of natural-hazard exposure: the geophysical, flood and coastal, storm and climatological sub-indices plus the multi-hazard population share, combined by a geometric mean of complements (10 minus each score) so that one severe hazard is not averaged away.
  4. Pressione ambientale

    Domain index · IDX · ENV
    0–10 index of environmental pressure and ecosystem condition combining air pollution, land and forest degradation, biodiversity status, ocean condition and waste pressure.
  5. Esposizione alla meteorologia spaziale

    Domain index · IDX · SPC
    0–10 index of space-weather exposure as the product of the space-weather hazard and space-service dependence sub-indices; mostly modelled and expert inputs, so its grade is capped.
  6. Rischio di concentrazione tecnologica

    Domain index · IDX · TEC
    Index of technology dependence, critical-mineral dependence and, inverted, innovation capacity and biosecurity oversight, on a 0–10 scale, higher meaning riskier.
  7. Global Earth observation index

    Series index · SERIES · GS-12
    What Earth observation can and cannot see of risk: coverage, revisit, latency and the observing systems behind NXS-GRX.
  8. Country readings

    Output · OUTPUT · 195 profiles
    Published with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
  9. Regional readings

    Output · OUTPUT · 5 regions
    Published with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
  10. Global reading

    Output · OUTPUT · population or exposure weighted
    Published with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
Non eseguitoIn corsoCompletato
FIG 2. Select a domain index to open its full construction; Simulate run plays the computation. Schematic of the construction; source: Indicator Standard composite definitions.
03Indici

Domain indices in this series

The Global Risks Index · GS-12 · 195 profiles · 0–10 scale
Global Earth observation index, world
–
I valori sono pubblicati con l'edizione; qui compaiono intervallo, classe e variazione.
Indice Valore Variazione Variazione % Intervallo al 90% Classe · probabilità Tendenza Intervallo
Pericolo fisico climaticoNXS-GRX · CLI – – – – –
Esposizione alla transizione climaticaNXS-GRX · CLI – – – – –
Esposizione multi-pericoloNXS-GRX · HAZ – – – – –
Pressione ambientaleNXS-GRX · ENV – – – – –
Esposizione alla meteorologia spazialeNXS-GRX · SPC – – – – –
Rischio di concentrazione tecnologicaNXS-GRX · TEC – – – – –

Domains read: Hazard and exposure, Climate, Environment and biodiversity, Space environment, Technology and frontier.

04Indicatori

150 indicators in scope

Every indicator whose primary or secondary domain is in scope, with unit, levels and crosswalks to source code lists.

FIG 3 · Indicators in scope, by domain and sub-domain
HAZ · 53CLI · 31ENV · 22TEC · 8SPC · 6
Area is the number of indicator definitions; colour is the pillar the domain feeds (Macroeconomy and Space feed through their indices). Select a block to filter the table. Source: Indicator Standard Nexus Indicator Standard register.
Indicatore Dominio Sub-domain Componente Unità Livelli Crosswalks
Costo fiscale annuo atteso dei disastri, quota del PILIND.FIS.contingent.disaster_fiscal_cost.gdp FIS Contingent liabilities vulnerability % COUNTRY
Divario di protezione dalle catastrofi naturaliIND.FIN.nbfi.nat_cat_protection_gap FIN Non-bank financial intermediation vulnerability % REGION, COUNTRY
Esposizione bancaria verso settori ad alta intensità di carbonioIND.FIN.climate_finance.carbon_intensive_exposure FIN Climate-related financial exposure exposure % COUNTRY
Prestiti bancari esposti a un elevato rischio fisico climaticoIND.FIN.climate_finance.physical_risk_lending FIN Climate-related financial exposure exposure % COUNTRY
Rendite da risorse naturali, quota del PILIND.ECO.concentration.natural_resource_rents.gdp ECO Export and import concentration vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI NY.GDP.TOTL.RT.ZS
Dipendenza netta dalle importazioni di minerali criticiIND.ECO.concentration.critical_minerals_import_reliance ECO Export and import concentration vulnerability % COUNTRY
Riscaldamento superficiale rispetto all'epoca preindustrialeIND.CLI.physical_chronic.warming_since_preindustrial CLI Chronic physical change hazard K GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID FAO_FAOSTAT ET
Variazione delle precipitazioni annueIND.CLI.physical_chronic.precipitation_change CLI Chronic physical change hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Tasso di innalzamento relativo del livello del mareIND.CLI.physical_chronic.relative_sea_level_trend CLI Chronic physical change hazard mm/a COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 EN0402
Giorno più caldo dell'anno (TXx)IND.CLI.physical_acute.txx CLI Acute climate extremes hazard Cel COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID
Quota di giorni caldi (TX90p)IND.CLI.physical_acute.tx90p CLI Acute climate extremes hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Variazione dei giorni molto caldi (35 °C o più)IND.CLI.physical_acute.hot_days_change CLI Acute climate extremes hazard d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID
Durata dei periodi caldi (WSDI)IND.CLI.physical_acute.warm_spell_duration CLI Acute climate extremes hazard d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Giorno più piovoso dell'anno (Rx1day)IND.CLI.physical_acute.rx1day CLI Acute climate extremes hazard mm COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID
Cinque giorni più piovosi dell'anno (Rx5day)IND.CLI.physical_acute.rx5day CLI Acute climate extremes hazard mm COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Precipitazioni dei giorni molto piovosi (R95pTOT)IND.CLI.physical_acute.very_wet_day_share CLI Acute climate extremes hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Periodo secco più lungo (CDD)IND.CLI.physical_acute.consecutive_dry_days CLI Acute climate extremes hazard d COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Assets vulnerable to climate-related physical risks, shareIND.CLI.physical_acute.physical_risk_vulnerable_assets.share CLI Acute climate extremes exposure % SITE, PORTFOLIO IFRS_S2 29(c)
Riscaldamento previsto rispetto all'epoca preindustrialeIND.CLI.projection.projected_warming CLI Scenario projections hazard K GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Variazione prevista della temperatura del giorno più caldoIND.CLI.projection.projected_txx_change CLI Scenario projections hazard K COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Variazione prevista delle precipitazioni dei cinque giorni più piovosiIND.CLI.projection.projected_rx5day_change CLI Scenario projections hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Innalzamento relativo previsto del livello del mareIND.CLI.projection.projected_sea_level_rise CLI Scenario projections hazard m COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE
Popolazione al di sotto del futuro livello di piena costiera con periodo di ritorno di 100 anni, quotaIND.CLI.projection.slr_coastal_population_exposed.share CLI Scenario projections exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY WB_WDI EN.POP.EL5M.ZS
Emissioni totali di gas serra escluso il LULUCFIND.CLI.emissions.ghg_total CLI Emissions exposure Mt/a COUNTRY WB_WDI EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5 SDG 13.2.2
Emissioni di gas serra pro capiteIND.CLI.emissions.ghg_per_capita CLI Emissions exposure t/a/{person} COUNTRY WB_WDI EN.GHG.ALL.PC.CE.AR5 EPI GHP
Intensità di carbonio del PILIND.CLI.emissions.carbon_intensity_gdp CLI Emissions exposure kg/[USD] COUNTRY WB_WDI EN.GHG.CO2.RT.GDP.KD SDG 9.4.1
Financed emissions of a portfolioIND.CLI.emissions.financed_emissions CLI Emissions exposure Mt/a PORTFOLIO IFRS_S2 29(a)(vi)
Rendite da combustibili fossili, quota del PILIND.CLI.transition.fossil_fuel_rents.gdp CLI Transition exposure exposure % COUNTRY WB_WDI NY.GDP.PETR.RT.ZS WB_WDI NY.GDP.NGAS.RT.ZS WB_WDI NY.GDP.COAL.RT.ZS
Esportazioni di combustibili, quota delle esportazioni di merciIND.CLI.transition.fossil_fuel_exports.share CLI Transition exposure exposure % COUNTRY WB_WDI TX.VAL.FUEL.ZS.UN
Sussidi espliciti ai combustibili fossili, quota del PILIND.CLI.transition.fossil_fuel_subsidies.gdp CLI Transition exposure exposure % COUNTRY
Assets vulnerable to climate-related transition risks, shareIND.CLI.transition.transition_risk_vulnerable_assets.share CLI Transition exposure exposure % PORTFOLIO IFRS_S2 29(b)
Obiettivo di emissioni NDC 2030 per l'intera economiaIND.CLI.transition.ndc_target_ambition CLI Transition exposure response % COUNTRY SDG 13.2.1
Piano nazionale di adattamento presentatoIND.CLI.adaptation.nap_submitted CLI Adaptation readiness adaptive capacity {bool} COUNTRY SDG 13.2.1
Prontezza economica agli investimenti per l'adattamentoIND.CLI.adaptation.economic_readiness CLI Adaptation readiness adaptive capacity {score} COUNTRY ND_GAIN economic
Prontezza della governance per l'adattamentoIND.CLI.adaptation.governance_readiness CLI Adaptation readiness adaptive capacity {score} COUNTRY ND_GAIN governance
Prontezza sociale per l'adattamentoIND.CLI.adaptation.social_readiness CLI Adaptation readiness adaptive capacity {score} COUNTRY ND_GAIN social
Finanza internazionale per l'adattamento ricevuta pro capiteIND.CLI.adaptation.adaptation_finance_received.pc CLI Adaptation readiness adaptive capacity [USD] COUNTRY
Popolazione esposta a due o più pericoli maggiori, quotaIND.HAZ.multi.multi_hazard_exposure.share HAZ Multi-hazard exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID INFORM HA.NAT
Perdita media annua multi-pericolo, quota del PILIND.HAZ.multi.aal.gdp HAZ Multi-hazard impact % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, PORTFOLIO
Perdita media annua multi-pericolo, quota dello stock di capitale prodottoIND.HAZ.multi.aal.capital_stock HAZ Multi-hazard impact % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, PORTFOLIO
Perdita massima probabile con periodo di ritorno di 250 anni, quota del PILIND.HAZ.multi.pml_rp250.gdp HAZ Multi-hazard impact % COUNTRY, ADM1, PORTFOLIO
Accelerazione di picco al suolo con periodo di ritorno di 475 anniIND.HAZ.seismic.pga_rp475 HAZ Seismic and volcanic hazard [g] COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 GH0101 INFORM HA.NAT.EQ
Persone esposte a forti scuotimenti sismici, media annuaIND.HAZ.seismic.eq_population_exposed HAZ Seismic and volcanic exposure {persons} COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID INFORM EX_EQ_MMI8
Persone esposte a forti scuotimenti sismici, quota della popolazioneIND.HAZ.seismic.eq_population_exposed.share HAZ Seismic and volcanic exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY
Perdita media annua da terremoti, quota del PILIND.HAZ.seismic.eq_aal.gdp HAZ Seismic and volcanic impact % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, PORTFOLIO
Popolazione entro 30 km da un vulcano olocenicoIND.HAZ.seismic.volcano_population_30km HAZ Seismic and volcanic exposure {persons} COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY UNDRR_HIPS_2025 GH0203
Probabilità di ricaduta dannosa di cenere vulcanica in 100 anniIND.HAZ.seismic.ash_fall_probability HAZ Seismic and volcanic hazard 1 COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 GH0202 EMDAT nat-geo-vol-ash
Livello estremo del mare in acqua calma con periodo di ritorno di 100 anniIND.HAZ.coastal.extreme_sea_level_rp100 HAZ Coastal and sea level hazard m COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0703 EMDAT nat-met-sto-sur
Popolazione nella pianura alluvionale costiera con periodo di ritorno di 100 anni, quotaIND.HAZ.coastal.coastal_flood_population_exposed.share HAZ Coastal and sea level exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY INFORM EX_CFL UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0601
Popolazione al di sotto dei 5 m di quota, quotaIND.HAZ.coastal.low_elevation_population.share HAZ Coastal and sea level exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY WB_WDI EN.POP.EL5M.ZS
Altezza massima di inondazione da tsunami con periodo di ritorno di 500 anniIND.HAZ.coastal.tsunami_inundation_rp500 HAZ Coastal and sea level hazard m COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0705 INFORM HA.NAT.TS
Popolazione esposta a tsunami, quotaIND.HAZ.coastal.tsunami_population_exposed.share HAZ Coastal and sea level exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY INFORM EX_TS EMDAT nat-geo-ear-tsu
Fluvial flood depth at 100-year return periodIND.HAZ.flood.river_flood_depth_rp100 HAZ Flood hazard m ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0604 EMDAT nat-hyd-flo-riv
Pluvial and flash flood depth at 100-year return periodIND.HAZ.flood.pluvial_flood_depth_rp100 HAZ Flood hazard m ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0603 UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0606 EMDAT nat-hyd-flo-fla
Persone esposte a piene fluviali, media annuaIND.HAZ.flood.flood_population_exposed HAZ Flood exposure {persons} COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY INFORM EX_FL INFORM HA.NAT.FL
Persone esposte a piene fluviali, quota della popolazioneIND.HAZ.flood.flood_population_exposed.share HAZ Flood exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY
Standard di progetto della protezione dalle alluvioniIND.HAZ.flood.flood_protection_standard HAZ Flood coping capacity a COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE
Perdita media annua da piene fluviali, quota del PILIND.HAZ.flood.flood_aal.gdp HAZ Flood impact % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, PORTFOLIO
Velocità del vento dei cicloni tropicali con periodo di ritorno di 100 anniIND.HAZ.storm.tc_wind_rp100 HAZ Tropical and severe storms hazard m/s COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0309 INFORM HA.NAT.TC
Probabilità annua di venti ciclonici di categoria 1 o superioreIND.HAZ.storm.tc_cat1_probability HAZ Tropical and severe storms hazard 1 COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE
Persone esposte a venti ciclonici di categoria 1, media annuaIND.HAZ.storm.tc_population_exposed HAZ Tropical and severe storms exposure {persons} COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY INFORM EX_TC_SS1
Persone esposte a venti ciclonici di categoria 1, quota della popolazioneIND.HAZ.storm.tc_population_exposed.share HAZ Tropical and severe storms exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY
Perdita media annua da cicloni tropicali, quota del PILIND.HAZ.storm.tc_aal.gdp HAZ Tropical and severe storms impact % COUNTRY, ADM1, PORTFOLIO
Giorni di grandine di grandi dimensioni all'annoIND.HAZ.storm.large_hail_days HAZ Tropical and severe storms hazard d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0404 EMDAT nat-met-sto-hai
Giorni con condizioni favorevoli a forti temporaliIND.HAZ.storm.severe_convective_days HAZ Tropical and severe storms hazard d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0103 EMDAT nat-met-sto-sev
Frequenza della siccità meteorologica graveIND.HAZ.drought.spei_drought_frequency HAZ Siccità hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0401 INFORM HA.NAT.DR
Frequenza dello stress da siccità agricolaIND.HAZ.drought.agricultural_stress_frequency HAZ Siccità hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID INFORM ASI
Persone colpite dalla siccità, quota media annuaIND.HAZ.drought.drought_affected.share HAZ Siccità impact % COUNTRY INFORM AFF_DR EMDAT nat-cli-dro-dro
Giorni di caldo umido pericoloso all'annoIND.HAZ.heat.dangerous_heat_days HAZ Extreme heat hazard d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0501
Eventi di esposizione alle ondate di calore per personaIND.HAZ.heat.heatwave_person_days HAZ Extreme heat exposure d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY
Popolazione esposta al caldo estremo, quotaIND.HAZ.heat.heat_population_exposed.share HAZ Extreme heat exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY
Giorni con condizioni meteorologiche estreme per gli incendi all'annoIND.HAZ.wildfire.extreme_fire_weather_days HAZ Incendio boschivo hazard d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Superficie bruciata annua, quota della superficie terrestreIND.HAZ.wildfire.burned_area.share HAZ Incendio boschivo hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID UNDRR_HIPS_2025 EN0205 EMDAT nat-cli-wil-wil
Popolazione nell'interfaccia urbano-foresta, quotaIND.HAZ.wildfire.wui_population.share HAZ Incendio boschivo exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY
Popolazione in zone ad alta suscettibilità alle frane, quotaIND.HAZ.landslide.landslide_susceptible_population.share HAZ Landslide exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID UNDRR_HIPS_2025 GH0300
Decessi per frane per 100,000 abitanti, media annuaIND.HAZ.landslide.fatal_landslide_rate HAZ Landslide impact /10*5 COUNTRY, ADM1 EMDAT nat-hyd-mmw-lan
Popolazione vicina a siti industriali a pericolo di incidente rilevante, quotaIND.HAZ.technological.major_hazard_site_population.share HAZ Tecnologico exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY UNDRR_HIPS_2025 TL0304 UNDRR_HIPS_2025 TL0309
Popolazione entro 30 km da un reattore nucleare in funzioneIND.HAZ.technological.nuclear_population_30km HAZ Tecnologico exposure {persons} COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY UNDRR_HIPS_2025 TL0208
Decessi per incidenti industriali per 100,000 abitanti, media annuaIND.HAZ.technological.industrial_accident_deaths HAZ Tecnologico impact /10*5 COUNTRY EMDAT tec-ind-ind-ind
Superficie edificataIND.HAZ.exposure.built_up_area HAZ Esposizione context km2 COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Stock di capitale prodottoIND.HAZ.exposure.capital_stock HAZ Esposizione context [USD] COUNTRY, ADM1, PORTFOLIO
Area edificata in zone ad alto pericoloIND.HAZ.exposure.built_up_exposed HAZ Esposizione exposure km2 COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Area edificata in zone ad alto pericolo, quotaIND.HAZ.exposure.built_up_exposed.share HAZ Esposizione exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY
PIL generato in zone ad alto pericolo, quotaIND.HAZ.exposure.gdp_exposed.share HAZ Esposizione exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY
Morti e dispersi per disastri per 100,000 abitantiIND.HAZ.loss.deaths_missing_rate HAZ Losses and impacts impact /10*5 COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI A-1 SDG 1.5.1
Persone direttamente colpite da disastri per 100,000 abitantiIND.HAZ.loss.directly_affected_rate HAZ Losses and impacts impact /10*5 COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI B-1 SDG 1.5.1
Perdita economica diretta da disastri, quota del PILIND.HAZ.loss.direct_economic_loss.gdp HAZ Losses and impacts impact % COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI C-1 SDG 1.5.2
Morti per disastri registrati per 100,000 abitanti, media su 30 anniIND.HAZ.loss.recorded_disaster_deaths HAZ Losses and impacts impact /10*5 COUNTRY, ADM1 EMDAT Total Deaths
Persone colpite da disastri registrati per 100,000 abitanti, media su 30 anniIND.HAZ.loss.recorded_disaster_affected HAZ Losses and impacts impact /10*5 COUNTRY, ADM1 EMDAT Total Affected
Danni da disastri registrati, quota del PIL, media su 30 anniIND.HAZ.loss.recorded_disaster_damage.gdp HAZ Losses and impacts impact % COUNTRY EMDAT Total Damage, Adjusted ('000 US$)
Esposizione al PM2.5, media ponderata per la popolazioneIND.ENV.air.pm25_exposure ENV Qualità dell'aria hazard ug/m3 COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID WB_WDI EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3 SDG 11.6.2 EPI PMD
Popolazione esposta oltre il valore guida OMS per il PM2.5, quotaIND.ENV.air.pm25_guideline_exceedance.share ENV Qualità dell'aria exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY WB_WDI EN.ATM.PM25.MC.ZS
Esposizione stagionale ai picchi di ozonoIND.ENV.air.ozone_exposure ENV Qualità dell'aria hazard [ppb] COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID
Superficie terrestreIND.ENV.land.land_area ENV Land and forests context km2 COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY WB_WDI AG.LND.TOTL.K2
Superficie forestale, quota della superficie terrestreIND.ENV.land.forest_cover.share ENV Land and forests vulnerability % COUNTRY, ADM1 SDG 15.1.1 WB_WDI AG.LND.FRST.ZS
Tasso annuo di perdita di copertura arboreaIND.ENV.land.tree_cover_loss.share ENV Land and forests hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRID EPI TCL
Terreni degradati, quota della superficie terrestreIND.ENV.land.land_degradation.share ENV Land and forests hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID SDG 15.3.1
Densità stradaleIND.ENV.land.road_density ENV Land and forests hazard km/km2 COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Indice della Lista RossaIND.ENV.biodiversity.red_list_index ENV Biodiversità vulnerability 1 GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRY SDG 15.5.1
Indice di integrità della biodiversitàIND.ENV.biodiversity.biodiversity_intactness ENV Biodiversità vulnerability 1 COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Aree protette terrestri, quota della superficie terrestreIND.ENV.biodiversity.terrestrial_protected.share ENV Biodiversità response % COUNTRY, ADM1 WB_WDI ER.LND.PTLD.ZS
Aree chiave per la biodiversità coperte da aree protetteIND.ENV.biodiversity.key_biodiversity_area_protected.share ENV Biodiversità response % COUNTRY, REGION SDG 15.1.2
Aree marine protette, quota delle acque territorialiIND.ENV.ocean.marine_protected.share ENV Ocean response % COUNTRY WB_WDI ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS SDG 14.5.1
Indice di eutrofizzazione costieraIND.ENV.ocean.coastal_eutrophication ENV Ocean hazard % COUNTRY, REGION SDG 14.1.1
Acidità marina media (pH)IND.ENV.ocean.ocean_acidity ENV Ocean hazard [pH] COUNTRY, REGION, SITE SDG 14.3.1
Stock ittici entro livelli biologicamente sostenibiliIND.ENV.ocean.sustainable_fish_stocks.share ENV Ocean vulnerability % GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRY SDG 14.4.1
Giorni di ondata di calore marina all'annoIND.ENV.ocean.marine_heatwave_days ENV Ocean hazard d/a COUNTRY, REGION, GRID UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0708
Rifiuti solidi urbani prodotti pro capiteIND.ENV.pollution.msw_generation.pc ENV Pollution and waste hazard kg/a/{person} COUNTRY, CITY
Rifiuti solidi urbani gestiti in impianti controllatiIND.ENV.pollution.msw_controlled_management.share ENV Pollution and waste coping capacity % COUNTRY, CITY SDG 11.6.1 EPI MSW
Rifiuti di plastica gestiti in modo inadeguato pro capiteIND.ENV.pollution.mismanaged_plastic_waste.pc ENV Pollution and waste hazard kg/a/{person} COUNTRY, ADM1
PIL in settori fortemente dipendenti dalla natura, quotaIND.ENV.nature_dependence.nature_dependent_gdp.share ENV Nature dependence exposure % COUNTRY, PORTFOLIO
Valore della produzione agricola dipendente dall'impollinazione animale, quotaIND.ENV.nature_dependence.pollinator_dependent_crops.share ENV Nature dependence exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1
Corpi idrici con buona qualità ambientale dell'acquaIND.WAT.quality.good_ambient_water_quality.share WAT Water quality vulnerability % COUNTRY, ADM1 SDG 6.3.2
Flussi di acque reflue trattati in modo sicuroIND.WAT.quality.wastewater_safely_treated.share WAT Water quality coping capacity % COUNTRY, CITY SDG 6.3.1 EPI WWT
Severe geomagnetic storm days per yearIND.SPC.weather.severe_geomagnetic_storm_days SPC Meteorologia spaziale hazard d/a GLOBAL UNDRR_HIPS_2025 ET0101 EMDAT nat-ext-spa-geo
Ampiezza del campo geoelettrico con periodo di ritorno di 100 anniIND.SPC.weather.geoelectric_field_rp100 SPC Meteorologia spaziale hazard V/km COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Strong solar radiation storm days per yearIND.SPC.weather.radiation_storm_days SPC Meteorologia spaziale hazard d/a GLOBAL UNDRR_HIPS_2025 ET0104 EMDAT nat-ext-spa-ene
PIL in attività dipendenti dai GNSS, quotaIND.SPC.dependence.gnss_dependent_gdp.share SPC Space-service dependence exposure % COUNTRY, PORTFOLIO UNDRR_HIPS_2025 ET0102
Servizi critici che dipendono da satelliti senza sistemi di riserva, quotaIND.SPC.dependence.satellite_service_exposure.share SPC Space-service dependence vulnerability % COUNTRY
Rete ad alta tensione in zone ad alto pericolo geoelettrico, quotaIND.SPC.dependence.grid_gic_exposure.share SPC Space-service dependence exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1
Incidenza della malariaIND.HLT.burden.malaria_incidence HLT Disease burden and mortality hazard /10*3 COUNTRY WB_WDI SH.MLR.INCD.P3 SDG 3.3.3 WHO_GHO SDGMALARIA
Valore aggiunto di agricoltura, silvicoltura e pesca, quota del PILIND.FOO.agriculture.agri_value_added.gdp FOO Agricultural production and dependence vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS
Occupazione in agricoltura, quota dell'occupazione totaleIND.FOO.agriculture.agri_employment_share FOO Agricultural production and dependence vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS
Variabilità della resa dei cereali (15 anni)IND.FOO.agriculture.cereal_yield_variability FOO Agricultural production and dependence vulnerability % COUNTRY
Terreni coltivati, quota della superficie terrestreIND.FOO.agriculture.cropland.share FOO Agricultural production and dependence exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRID WB_WDI AG.LND.ARBL.ZS
Vegetation Health Index sui terreni coltivatiIND.FOO.agriculture.vegetation_health_index FOO Agricultural production and dependence hazard {score} COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRID
Sfollati interni, disastri (stock)IND.DEM.displacement.idp_disaster DEM Forced displacement impact {persons} COUNTRY, ADM1 IDMC disaster_total_displacement
Sfollati interni, per 100,000 abitantiIND.DEM.displacement.idp_total.p100k DEM Forced displacement impact /10*5 COUNTRY
Nuovi sfollamenti interni, disastriIND.DEM.displacement.new_displacement_disaster DEM Forced displacement impact 1 COUNTRY, ADM1 IDMC disaster_new_displacement WB_WDI VC.IDP.NWDS
Nuovi sfollamenti interni, per 100,000 abitantiIND.DEM.displacement.new_displacement.p100k DEM Forced displacement impact /10*5 COUNTRY
Quota rinnovabile del consumo finale totale di energiaIND.ENE.mix.renewable_share_tfec ENE Energy mix adaptive capacity % COUNTRY SDG 7.2.1 WB_WDI EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS
Intensità di energia primaria del PILIND.ENE.mix.energy_intensity ENE Energy mix vulnerability MJ/[USD] COUNTRY SDG 7.3.1 WB_WDI EG.EGY.PRIM.PP.KD
Quota fossile della generazione elettricaIND.ENE.mix.fossil_electricity_share ENE Energy mix vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS
Capacità di generazione rinnovabile installata pro capiteIND.ENE.mix.renewable_capacity.pc ENE Energy mix adaptive capacity W/{person} COUNTRY SDG 7.b.1
Gradi giorno di riscaldamento e raffrescamentoIND.ENE.reliability.thermal_demand_degree_days ENE Reliability hazard K.d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID
Concentrazione dei fornitori di minerali critici importatiIND.ENE.minerals.critical_mineral_import_concentration ENE Critical minerals vulnerability 1 COUNTRY
Rete stradale e ferroviaria in zone ad alto pericolo, quotaIND.INF.transport.network_exposed.share INF Transport exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Infrastrutture di approvvigionamento idrico in zone ad alto pericolo, quotaIND.INF.utilities.water_assets_exposed.share INF Utilities exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Impianti di generazione e rete elettrica in zone ad alto pericolo, quotaIND.INF.utilities.power_assets_exposed.share INF Utilities exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Strutture salvavita in zone ad alto pericolo, quotaIND.INF.utilities.lifeline_facilities_exposed.share INF Utilities exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Unità di infrastrutture critiche danneggiate o distrutte da disastriIND.INF.disruption.critical_infrastructure_damage INF Service disruption impact 1 COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI D-1 SDG 11.5.2
Perdita economica diretta alle infrastrutture critiche, quota del PILIND.INF.disruption.critical_infrastructure_loss.gdp INF Service disruption impact % COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI C-5
Spesa interna lorda in R&S, quota del PILIND.TEC.capability.rd_expenditure.gdp TEC Technology capability adaptive capacity % COUNTRY SDG 9.5.1 WB_WDI GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Ricercatori per milione di abitantiIND.TEC.capability.researchers_per_million TEC Technology capability adaptive capacity /10*6 COUNTRY SDG 9.5.2 WB_WDI SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
Esportazioni ad alta tecnologia, quota delle esportazioni manifatturiereIND.TEC.capability.high_tech_exports TEC Technology capability adaptive capacity % COUNTRY WB_WDI TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS SDG 9.b.1
Concentrazione dei fornitori di semiconduttori importatiIND.TEC.concentration.semiconductor_import_concentration TEC Concentration and dependence vulnerability 1 COUNTRY
Concentrazione dei fornitori di infrastrutture cloudIND.TEC.concentration.cloud_provider_concentration TEC Concentration and dependence vulnerability 1 COUNTRY
Capacità di calcolo per l'IA sotto controllo estero o di un unico fornitoreIND.TEC.ai.ai_compute_foreign_control TEC Intelligenza artificiale vulnerability % COUNTRY
Concentrazione dei fornitori di modelli di baseIND.TEC.ai.foundation_model_concentration TEC Intelligenza artificiale vulnerability % COUNTRY
Supervisione di biosicurezza dei laboratori ad alto contenimentoIND.TEC.bio.biosecurity_lab_oversight TEC Biotecnologie coping capacity {score} COUNTRY
05Pericoli

Hazard families this series reads

families, each crosswalked to the UNDRR–ISC Hazard Information Profiles (2025) where a profile exists.

FIG 4 · Hazard families this series reads
AtmosphereITerraPlanetary168HAZARDS
4 hazard domains (inner ring) and 23 families (outer ring), sized by hazard count. Select a segment to filter the table below. Source: Hazard Standard Nexus Hazard Standard.
Famiglia Dominio Pericoli Count
Solar-terrestrial storms Spazio e ambiente circumterrestre Geomagnetic storm, Solar flare radio blackout, Solar radiation storm, Ionospheric disturbance, Geomagnetically induced current, Satellite space-environment anomaly, Thermospheric drag surge, Radiation-belt electron enhancement … 9
Impacts and orbital hazards Spazio e ambiente circumterrestre Near-Earth object approach, Meteorite impact, Airburst, Space debris, Orbital collision cascade, Uncontrolled re-entry, Spaceflight accident, Meteoroid stream encounter 8
Convective storms Atmosfera e meteo Thunderstorm, Lightning strike, Downburst, Tornado, Waterspout, Hail, Squall, Derecho … 11
Cyclonic storm systems Atmosfera e meteo Tropical cyclone, Subtropical cyclone, Extratropical cyclone, Low-pressure system, Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone, Polar low, Rapid cyclone intensification, Explosive cyclogenesis 8
Damaging wind Atmosfera e meteo Windstorm, Gale, Downslope windstorm, Clear-air turbulence 4
Precipitation extremes Atmosfera e meteo Intense rainfall, Heavy snowfall, Snowstorm, Blizzard, Lake-effect snow band, Freezing rain, Structural icing 7
Thermal extremes Atmosfera e meteo Heatwave, Humid heat stress, Cold wave, Livestock winter disaster, Hard freeze, Frost, Rapid thaw, Extreme night-time heat … 9
Airborne particles and low visibility Atmosfera e meteo Fog, Dust storm, Dust haze, Haze, Smoke plume, Airborne allergen surge 6
Large-scale circulation anomalies Atmosfera e meteo Atmospheric river, Atmospheric blocking, Tropical Pacific climate swing, Monsoon failure, Polar vortex disruption, Indian Ocean dipole event, North Atlantic pressure-seesaw extreme 7
Surface radiation extremes Atmosfera e meteo Extreme ultraviolet exposure, Stratospheric ozone loss episode 2
Vegetation and peat fire Territorio ed ecosistemi Extreme fire weather, Wildfire, Wildland-urban interface fire, Peat and underground fire, Fire regime shift 5
Forest and woodland stress Territorio ed ecosistemi Deforestation, Forest dieback, Large forest disturbance, Forest pest invasion, Native forest insect outbreak 5
Land and wetland degradation Territorio ed ecosistemi Land degradation, Desertification, Soil quality decline, Soil salinisation and sodicity, Wetland loss, Mangrove loss, Peatland drainage and degradation, Soil sealing … 9
Biodiversity and species stress Territorio ed ecosistemi Biodiversity loss, Coral bleaching, Pollinator decline, Fishery collapse, Mass wildlife mortality, Human-wildlife conflict, Wildlife disease panzootic, Insect decline … 12
Climate-state shifts Territorio ed ecosistemi Abrupt climate-system shift, Volcanic cooling 2
Ecosystem regime shifts Territorio ed ecosistemi Kelp forest collapse, Seagrass meadow loss, Lake clear-to-turbid shift, Woody plant encroachment, Coastal habitat squeeze, Food-web collapse 6
Planetary boundary transgressions Confini planetari e punti di non ritorno del sistema Terra Climate-forcing boundary transgression, Global temperature overshoot, Global warming acceleration, Atmospheric methane surge, Extinction-rate boundary transgression, Biosphere functional integrity loss, Land-system change boundary transgression, Blue-water flow disturbance … 14
Ice tipping elements Confini planetari e punti di non ritorno del sistema Terra Greenland ice sheet tipping, West Antarctic ice sheet collapse, East Antarctic subglacial basin retreat, Arctic winter sea-ice collapse, Antarctic sea-ice regime shift, Regional glacier extinction 6
Ocean circulation and marine tipping Confini planetari e punti di non ritorno del sistema Terra Atlantic overturning weakening, Atlantic overturning collapse, Subpolar gyre convection collapse, Antarctic overturning slowdown, Arctic Ocean atlantification, Warm-water coral reef die-off, Marine methane hydrate destabilisation 7
Biome tipping elements Confini planetari e punti di non ritorno del sistema Terra Amazon rainforest dieback, Boreal forest southern dieback, Boreal forest northern advance, Tropical forest carbon-sink reversal, Sahel vegetation regime shift 5
Carbon-cycle feedbacks Confini planetari e punti di non ritorno del sistema Terra Permafrost carbon release, Abrupt permafrost thaw emission, Subsea permafrost greenhouse gas release, Wetland methane feedback, Land carbon sink weakening, Ocean carbon sink weakening, Soil carbon respiration feedback 7
Atmospheric circulation and monsoon tipping Confini planetari e punti di non ritorno del sistema Terra South Asian monsoon regime shift, West African monsoon regime shift, South American monsoon weakening, East Asian monsoon regime shift, Tropical belt widening, Tropical Pacific regime change, Jet-stream regime change, Marine stratocumulus deck breakup … 9
Deep-time and cosmic catastrophes Confini planetari e punti di non ritorno del sistema Terra Supereruption, Large-magnitude explosive eruption, Flood-basalt eruption episode, Impact winter, Comet shower, Solar superflare, Gamma-ray burst, Nearby supernova … 10
06Metodi

Method libraries

Each method has a reference implementation or declares the specialist model, data or adapter it still needs; none is promoted beyond its evidence.

37 methods

Scienza dei pericoli

Hazard Intensity Footprint Screening · Earthquake Hazard · Earthquake Ground Motion · Earthquake Rupture · Liquefaction · Landslide · Tsunami …

24 methods

Dati di rischio

Source Discovery · Source Fitness · Rights Resolver · Freshness Resolver · Provenance Resolver · Data Quality · Missingness Semantics …

18 methods

Intelligence su esposizione e asset

Asset Exposure Aggregation · Physical Asset Inventory · Building Inventory · Population Exposure · Economic Exposure · Replacement Cost · Business Interruption Exposure …

07Users

Who uses it

Governments and national risk agencies

Prioritise prevention and preparedness. Plan with subnational layers. Track Sendai targets. Co-develop a national index.

UN system and humanitarian organisations

Compare needs across contexts with intervals. Watch weekly signals for review. Read outlooks for anticipatory planning.

Insurers, reinsurers and risk pools

Read hazard, exposure and protection-gap context. Run scenario and tail analytics. Study parametric index design questions.

Universities and research

Replicate every value. Study methods. Contribute data and review.

08Rapporti

Nexus Reports

Edition code
GS-12
Edition status
prevista
Oggetto
Named by Nexus Reports

Nexus Reports

09Cita

Cita e riutilizza

GCRI Canada (2026). The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX): Global Earth observation series (GRX-SER-GS-12), Baseline Edition 2026. Preparatory working draft. https://risksindex.com/series/gs-12/ UNI NXS-GRX-AR-000070.
Series key
grix:SER.GS-12:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A
Domain keys
nis:IDX.CLI.physical_chronic.climate_physical_risk:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A nis:IDX.CLI.transition.transition_risk:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A nis:IDX.HAZ.multi.hazard_exposure:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A

Every country reads this series

Each country profile carries the domain indices this series is built from.