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El Global Risks Index

The Global Risks Index · GS-12 · Global sector series

Observación de la Tierra global

What Earth observation can and cannot see of risk: coverage, revisit, latency and the observing systems behind NXS-GRX (canonical data, provenance and risk).

Page GRX-SER-GS-12Edition Baseline Edition 2026Evidence close 2026-09-30Subject Nexus ReportsNexus Reports GS-12 (planned)Values not yet publishedMethod v1.0.0-draft
FIG 1 · Series at a glance
Índices de dominio

6

Climate physical hazard · Climate transition exposure · Multi-hazard exposure · Environmental pressure.

Indicadores

150

5 index domains

Hazard families

23

Space and near-Earth · Atmosphere and weather · Land and ecosystems.

Métodos

79

Hazard science · Risk data

Counts from the indicator, hazard and model registries.
6
índices temáticos
150
indicators in scope
4
ámbitos de amenaza
4
client groups

01Alcance

Scope and questions

The subject is the one named by the Nexus Reports programme for this code.

  1. Where does observation coverage leave risk unseen?
  2. Which indices depend on a single observing system?
  3. How quickly can observation confirm an event?
02Construction

Domain indices to the series index

The series index is the expert-weighted geometric mean of its domain indices, with the intervals and class rule of the methodology.

computation

How the Global Earth observation index is built

Graph10 nodes
Grafo
01Índices de dominio
02Series index
03Readings

100%
Índice
  1. Amenaza física climática

    Domain index · IDX · CLI
    0–10 index of physical climate hazard combining chronic change, observed extremes and projected change (projection sub-index taken at SSP2-4.5, 2041–2060 by default, with other scenarios as alternative runs).
  2. Exposición a la transición climática

    Domain index · IDX · CLI
    0–10 index of an economy’s exposure to a low-carbon transition, combining transition exposure (fossil rents, fuel exports, subsidies) and emissions intensity (per capita and per unit of GDP).
  3. Exposición multiamenaza

    Domain index · IDX · HAZ
    INFORM-style 0–10 index of natural-hazard exposure: the geophysical, flood and coastal, storm and climatological sub-indices plus the multi-hazard population share, combined by a geometric mean of complements (10 minus each score) so that one severe hazard is not averaged away.
  4. Presión ambiental

    Domain index · IDX · ENV
    0–10 index of environmental pressure and ecosystem condition combining air pollution, land and forest degradation, biodiversity status, ocean condition and waste pressure.
  5. Exposición al clima espacial

    Domain index · IDX · SPC
    0–10 index of space-weather exposure as the product of the space-weather hazard and space-service dependence sub-indices; mostly modelled and expert inputs, so its grade is capped.
  6. Riesgo de concentración tecnológica

    Domain index · IDX · TEC
    Index of technology dependence, critical-mineral dependence and, inverted, innovation capacity and biosecurity oversight, on a 0–10 scale, higher meaning riskier.
  7. Global Earth observation index

    Series index · SERIES · GS-12
    What Earth observation can and cannot see of risk: coverage, revisit, latency and the observing systems behind NXS-GRX.
  8. Country readings

    Output · OUTPUT · 195 profiles
    Published with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
  9. Regional readings

    Output · OUTPUT · 5 regions
    Published with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
  10. Global reading

    Output · OUTPUT · population or exposure weighted
    Published with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
Sin ejecutarEn cursoCompletado
FIG 2. Select a domain index to open its full construction; Simulate run plays the computation. Schematic of the construction; source: Indicator Standard composite definitions.
03Índices

Domain indices in this series

The Global Risks Index · GS-12 · 195 profiles · 0–10 scale
Global Earth observation index, world
–
Los valores se publican con la edición; el intervalo, la clase y la variación aparecen aquí.
Índice Valor Variación Variación % Intervalo del 90 % Clase · probabilidad Tendencia Rango
Amenaza física climáticaNXS-GRX · CLI – – – – –
Exposición a la transición climáticaNXS-GRX · CLI – – – – –
Exposición multiamenazaNXS-GRX · HAZ – – – – –
Presión ambientalNXS-GRX · ENV – – – – –
Exposición al clima espacialNXS-GRX · SPC – – – – –
Riesgo de concentración tecnológicaNXS-GRX · TEC – – – – –

Domains read: Hazard and exposure, Climate, Environment and biodiversity, Space environment, Technology and frontier.

04Indicadores

150 indicators in scope

Every indicator whose primary or secondary domain is in scope, with unit, levels and crosswalks to source code lists.

FIG 3 · Indicators in scope, by domain and sub-domain
HAZ · 53CLI · 31ENV · 22TEC · 8SPC · 6
Area is the number of indicator definitions; colour is the pillar the domain feeds (Macroeconomy and Space feed through their indices). Select a block to filter the table. Source: Indicator Standard Nexus Indicator Standard register.
Indicador Dominio Sub-domain Componente Unidad Niveles Crosswalks
Costo fiscal anual esperado de los desastres, porcentaje del PIBIND.FIS.contingent.disaster_fiscal_cost.gdp FIS Contingent liabilities vulnerability % COUNTRY
Brecha de protección ante catástrofes naturalesIND.FIN.nbfi.nat_cat_protection_gap FIN Non-bank financial intermediation vulnerability % REGION, COUNTRY
Exposición bancaria a sectores intensivos en carbonoIND.FIN.climate_finance.carbon_intensive_exposure FIN Climate-related financial exposure exposure % COUNTRY
Préstamos bancarios expuestos a un alto riesgo físico climáticoIND.FIN.climate_finance.physical_risk_lending FIN Climate-related financial exposure exposure % COUNTRY
Rentas de los recursos naturales, porcentaje del PIBIND.ECO.concentration.natural_resource_rents.gdp ECO Export and import concentration vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI NY.GDP.TOTL.RT.ZS
Dependencia neta de las importaciones de minerales críticosIND.ECO.concentration.critical_minerals_import_reliance ECO Export and import concentration vulnerability % COUNTRY
Calentamiento de la superficie desde la era preindustrialIND.CLI.physical_chronic.warming_since_preindustrial CLI Chronic physical change hazard K GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID FAO_FAOSTAT ET
Cambio en la precipitación anualIND.CLI.physical_chronic.precipitation_change CLI Chronic physical change hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Tasa de aumento relativo del nivel del marIND.CLI.physical_chronic.relative_sea_level_trend CLI Chronic physical change hazard mm/a COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 EN0402
Día más caluroso del año (TXx)IND.CLI.physical_acute.txx CLI Acute climate extremes hazard Cel COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID
Proporción de días cálidos (TX90p)IND.CLI.physical_acute.tx90p CLI Acute climate extremes hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Cambio en los días muy calurosos (35 °C o más)IND.CLI.physical_acute.hot_days_change CLI Acute climate extremes hazard d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID
Duración de los periodos cálidos (WSDI)IND.CLI.physical_acute.warm_spell_duration CLI Acute climate extremes hazard d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Día más lluvioso del año (Rx1day)IND.CLI.physical_acute.rx1day CLI Acute climate extremes hazard mm COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID
Cinco días más lluviosos del año (Rx5day)IND.CLI.physical_acute.rx5day CLI Acute climate extremes hazard mm COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Precipitación de días muy lluviosos (R95pTOT)IND.CLI.physical_acute.very_wet_day_share CLI Acute climate extremes hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Periodo seco más largo (CDD)IND.CLI.physical_acute.consecutive_dry_days CLI Acute climate extremes hazard d COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Assets vulnerable to climate-related physical risks, shareIND.CLI.physical_acute.physical_risk_vulnerable_assets.share CLI Acute climate extremes exposure % SITE, PORTFOLIO IFRS_S2 29(c)
Calentamiento proyectado desde la era preindustrialIND.CLI.projection.projected_warming CLI Scenario projections hazard K GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Cambio proyectado en la temperatura del día más calurosoIND.CLI.projection.projected_txx_change CLI Scenario projections hazard K COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Cambio proyectado en la precipitación de los cinco días más lluviososIND.CLI.projection.projected_rx5day_change CLI Scenario projections hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Aumento relativo proyectado del nivel del marIND.CLI.projection.projected_sea_level_rise CLI Scenario projections hazard m COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE
Población por debajo del futuro nivel de inundación costera de 100 años, proporciónIND.CLI.projection.slr_coastal_population_exposed.share CLI Scenario projections exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY WB_WDI EN.POP.EL5M.ZS
Emisiones totales de gases de efecto invernadero sin UTCUTSIND.CLI.emissions.ghg_total CLI Emissions exposure Mt/a COUNTRY WB_WDI EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5 SDG 13.2.2
Emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero per cápitaIND.CLI.emissions.ghg_per_capita CLI Emissions exposure t/a/{person} COUNTRY WB_WDI EN.GHG.ALL.PC.CE.AR5 EPI GHP
Intensidad de carbono del PIBIND.CLI.emissions.carbon_intensity_gdp CLI Emissions exposure kg/[USD] COUNTRY WB_WDI EN.GHG.CO2.RT.GDP.KD SDG 9.4.1
Financed emissions of a portfolioIND.CLI.emissions.financed_emissions CLI Emissions exposure Mt/a PORTFOLIO IFRS_S2 29(a)(vi)
Rentas de los combustibles fósiles, porcentaje del PIBIND.CLI.transition.fossil_fuel_rents.gdp CLI Transition exposure exposure % COUNTRY WB_WDI NY.GDP.PETR.RT.ZS WB_WDI NY.GDP.NGAS.RT.ZS WB_WDI NY.GDP.COAL.RT.ZS
Exportaciones de combustibles, porcentaje de las exportaciones de mercancíasIND.CLI.transition.fossil_fuel_exports.share CLI Transition exposure exposure % COUNTRY WB_WDI TX.VAL.FUEL.ZS.UN
Subsidios explícitos a los combustibles fósiles, porcentaje del PIBIND.CLI.transition.fossil_fuel_subsidies.gdp CLI Transition exposure exposure % COUNTRY
Assets vulnerable to climate-related transition risks, shareIND.CLI.transition.transition_risk_vulnerable_assets.share CLI Transition exposure exposure % PORTFOLIO IFRS_S2 29(b)
Meta de emisiones de la CDN 2030 para toda la economíaIND.CLI.transition.ndc_target_ambition CLI Transition exposure response % COUNTRY SDG 13.2.1
Plan nacional de adaptación presentadoIND.CLI.adaptation.nap_submitted CLI Adaptation readiness adaptive capacity {bool} COUNTRY SDG 13.2.1
Preparación económica para la inversión en adaptaciónIND.CLI.adaptation.economic_readiness CLI Adaptation readiness adaptive capacity {score} COUNTRY ND_GAIN economic
Preparación de la gobernanza para la adaptaciónIND.CLI.adaptation.governance_readiness CLI Adaptation readiness adaptive capacity {score} COUNTRY ND_GAIN governance
Preparación social para la adaptaciónIND.CLI.adaptation.social_readiness CLI Adaptation readiness adaptive capacity {score} COUNTRY ND_GAIN social
Financiación internacional para la adaptación recibida per cápitaIND.CLI.adaptation.adaptation_finance_received.pc CLI Adaptation readiness adaptive capacity [USD] COUNTRY
Población expuesta a dos o más amenazas principales, proporciónIND.HAZ.multi.multi_hazard_exposure.share HAZ Multi-hazard exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID INFORM HA.NAT
Pérdida anual media multiamenaza, porcentaje del PIBIND.HAZ.multi.aal.gdp HAZ Multi-hazard impact % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, PORTFOLIO
Pérdida anual media multiamenaza, porcentaje del stock de capital producidoIND.HAZ.multi.aal.capital_stock HAZ Multi-hazard impact % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, PORTFOLIO
Pérdida máxima probable con un periodo de retorno de 250 años, porcentaje del PIBIND.HAZ.multi.pml_rp250.gdp HAZ Multi-hazard impact % COUNTRY, ADM1, PORTFOLIO
Aceleración máxima del suelo con un periodo de retorno de 475 añosIND.HAZ.seismic.pga_rp475 HAZ Seismic and volcanic hazard [g] COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 GH0101 INFORM HA.NAT.EQ
Personas expuestas a sacudidas sísmicas fuertes, media anualIND.HAZ.seismic.eq_population_exposed HAZ Seismic and volcanic exposure {persons} COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID INFORM EX_EQ_MMI8
Personas expuestas a sacudidas sísmicas fuertes, porcentaje de la poblaciónIND.HAZ.seismic.eq_population_exposed.share HAZ Seismic and volcanic exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY
Pérdida anual media por terremotos, porcentaje del PIBIND.HAZ.seismic.eq_aal.gdp HAZ Seismic and volcanic impact % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, PORTFOLIO
Población a menos de 30 km de un volcán del HolocenoIND.HAZ.seismic.volcano_population_30km HAZ Seismic and volcanic exposure {persons} COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY UNDRR_HIPS_2025 GH0203
Probabilidad de caída de ceniza volcánica dañina en 100 añosIND.HAZ.seismic.ash_fall_probability HAZ Seismic and volcanic hazard 1 COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 GH0202 EMDAT nat-geo-vol-ash
Nivel extremo del mar en aguas tranquilas con un periodo de retorno de 100 añosIND.HAZ.coastal.extreme_sea_level_rp100 HAZ Coastal and sea level hazard m COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0703 EMDAT nat-met-sto-sur
Población en la llanura de inundación costera de 100 años, proporciónIND.HAZ.coastal.coastal_flood_population_exposed.share HAZ Coastal and sea level exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY INFORM EX_CFL UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0601
Población por debajo de 5 m de altitud, proporciónIND.HAZ.coastal.low_elevation_population.share HAZ Coastal and sea level exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY WB_WDI EN.POP.EL5M.ZS
Altura máxima de inundación por tsunami con un periodo de retorno de 500 añosIND.HAZ.coastal.tsunami_inundation_rp500 HAZ Coastal and sea level hazard m COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0705 INFORM HA.NAT.TS
Población expuesta a tsunamis, proporciónIND.HAZ.coastal.tsunami_population_exposed.share HAZ Coastal and sea level exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY INFORM EX_TS EMDAT nat-geo-ear-tsu
Fluvial flood depth at 100-year return periodIND.HAZ.flood.river_flood_depth_rp100 HAZ Flood hazard m ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0604 EMDAT nat-hyd-flo-riv
Pluvial and flash flood depth at 100-year return periodIND.HAZ.flood.pluvial_flood_depth_rp100 HAZ Flood hazard m ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0603 UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0606 EMDAT nat-hyd-flo-fla
Personas expuestas a inundaciones fluviales, media anualIND.HAZ.flood.flood_population_exposed HAZ Flood exposure {persons} COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY INFORM EX_FL INFORM HA.NAT.FL
Personas expuestas a inundaciones fluviales, porcentaje de la poblaciónIND.HAZ.flood.flood_population_exposed.share HAZ Flood exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY
Nivel de diseño de la protección contra inundacionesIND.HAZ.flood.flood_protection_standard HAZ Flood coping capacity a COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE
Pérdida anual media por inundaciones fluviales, porcentaje del PIBIND.HAZ.flood.flood_aal.gdp HAZ Flood impact % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, PORTFOLIO
Velocidad del viento de ciclones tropicales con un periodo de retorno de 100 añosIND.HAZ.storm.tc_wind_rp100 HAZ Tropical and severe storms hazard m/s COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0309 INFORM HA.NAT.TC
Probabilidad anual de vientos ciclónicos de categoría 1 o superiorIND.HAZ.storm.tc_cat1_probability HAZ Tropical and severe storms hazard 1 COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE
Personas expuestas a vientos ciclónicos de categoría 1, media anualIND.HAZ.storm.tc_population_exposed HAZ Tropical and severe storms exposure {persons} COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY INFORM EX_TC_SS1
Personas expuestas a vientos ciclónicos de categoría 1, porcentaje de la poblaciónIND.HAZ.storm.tc_population_exposed.share HAZ Tropical and severe storms exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY
Pérdida anual media por ciclones tropicales, porcentaje del PIBIND.HAZ.storm.tc_aal.gdp HAZ Tropical and severe storms impact % COUNTRY, ADM1, PORTFOLIO
Días con granizo grande al añoIND.HAZ.storm.large_hail_days HAZ Tropical and severe storms hazard d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0404 EMDAT nat-met-sto-hai
Días con condiciones de tormentas severasIND.HAZ.storm.severe_convective_days HAZ Tropical and severe storms hazard d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0103 EMDAT nat-met-sto-sev
Frecuencia de sequía meteorológica graveIND.HAZ.drought.spei_drought_frequency HAZ Sequía hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0401 INFORM HA.NAT.DR
Frecuencia de estrés por sequía agrícolaIND.HAZ.drought.agricultural_stress_frequency HAZ Sequía hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID INFORM ASI
Personas afectadas por la sequía, proporción media anualIND.HAZ.drought.drought_affected.share HAZ Sequía impact % COUNTRY INFORM AFF_DR EMDAT nat-cli-dro-dro
Días de calor húmedo peligroso al añoIND.HAZ.heat.dangerous_heat_days HAZ Extreme heat hazard d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0501
Episodios de exposición a olas de calor por personaIND.HAZ.heat.heatwave_person_days HAZ Extreme heat exposure d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY
Población expuesta al calor extremo, proporciónIND.HAZ.heat.heat_population_exposed.share HAZ Extreme heat exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY
Días con condiciones meteorológicas extremas de incendio al añoIND.HAZ.wildfire.extreme_fire_weather_days HAZ Incendios forestales hazard d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Superficie quemada anual, porcentaje de la superficie terrestreIND.HAZ.wildfire.burned_area.share HAZ Incendios forestales hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID UNDRR_HIPS_2025 EN0205 EMDAT nat-cli-wil-wil
Población en la interfaz urbano-forestal, proporciónIND.HAZ.wildfire.wui_population.share HAZ Incendios forestales exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY
Población en zonas de alta susceptibilidad a deslizamientos, proporciónIND.HAZ.landslide.landslide_susceptible_population.share HAZ Landslide exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID UNDRR_HIPS_2025 GH0300
Muertes por deslizamientos por cada 100,000, media anualIND.HAZ.landslide.fatal_landslide_rate HAZ Landslide impact /10*5 COUNTRY, ADM1 EMDAT nat-hyd-mmw-lan
Población cerca de instalaciones industriales de alto riesgo, proporciónIND.HAZ.technological.major_hazard_site_population.share HAZ Tecnológico exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY UNDRR_HIPS_2025 TL0304 UNDRR_HIPS_2025 TL0309
Población a menos de 30 km de un reactor nuclear en funcionamientoIND.HAZ.technological.nuclear_population_30km HAZ Tecnológico exposure {persons} COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY UNDRR_HIPS_2025 TL0208
Muertes por accidentes industriales por cada 100,000, media anualIND.HAZ.technological.industrial_accident_deaths HAZ Tecnológico impact /10*5 COUNTRY EMDAT tec-ind-ind-ind
Superficie edificadaIND.HAZ.exposure.built_up_area HAZ Exposición context km2 COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Stock de capital producidoIND.HAZ.exposure.capital_stock HAZ Exposición context [USD] COUNTRY, ADM1, PORTFOLIO
Superficie edificada en zonas de alta amenazaIND.HAZ.exposure.built_up_exposed HAZ Exposición exposure km2 COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Superficie edificada en zonas de alta amenaza, proporciónIND.HAZ.exposure.built_up_exposed.share HAZ Exposición exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY
PIB generado en zonas de alta amenaza, proporciónIND.HAZ.exposure.gdp_exposed.share HAZ Exposición exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY
Muertes y personas desaparecidas por desastres por cada 100,000IND.HAZ.loss.deaths_missing_rate HAZ Losses and impacts impact /10*5 COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI A-1 SDG 1.5.1
Personas directamente afectadas por desastres por cada 100,000IND.HAZ.loss.directly_affected_rate HAZ Losses and impacts impact /10*5 COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI B-1 SDG 1.5.1
Pérdidas económicas directas por desastres, porcentaje del PIBIND.HAZ.loss.direct_economic_loss.gdp HAZ Losses and impacts impact % COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI C-1 SDG 1.5.2
Muertes por desastres registradas por cada 100,000, media de 30 añosIND.HAZ.loss.recorded_disaster_deaths HAZ Losses and impacts impact /10*5 COUNTRY, ADM1 EMDAT Total Deaths
Personas afectadas por desastres registradas por cada 100,000, media de 30 añosIND.HAZ.loss.recorded_disaster_affected HAZ Losses and impacts impact /10*5 COUNTRY, ADM1 EMDAT Total Affected
Daños por desastres registrados, porcentaje del PIB, media de 30 añosIND.HAZ.loss.recorded_disaster_damage.gdp HAZ Losses and impacts impact % COUNTRY EMDAT Total Damage, Adjusted ('000 US$)
Exposición a PM2.5, media ponderada por poblaciónIND.ENV.air.pm25_exposure ENV Calidad del aire hazard ug/m3 COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID WB_WDI EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3 SDG 11.6.2 EPI PMD
Población expuesta por encima de la directriz de la OMS sobre PM2.5, proporciónIND.ENV.air.pm25_guideline_exceedance.share ENV Calidad del aire exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY WB_WDI EN.ATM.PM25.MC.ZS
Exposición estacional máxima al ozonoIND.ENV.air.ozone_exposure ENV Calidad del aire hazard [ppb] COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID
Superficie terrestreIND.ENV.land.land_area ENV Land and forests context km2 COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY WB_WDI AG.LND.TOTL.K2
Superficie forestal, porcentaje de la superficie terrestreIND.ENV.land.forest_cover.share ENV Land and forests vulnerability % COUNTRY, ADM1 SDG 15.1.1 WB_WDI AG.LND.FRST.ZS
Tasa anual de pérdida de cubierta arbóreaIND.ENV.land.tree_cover_loss.share ENV Land and forests hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRID EPI TCL
Tierras degradadas, porcentaje de la superficie terrestreIND.ENV.land.land_degradation.share ENV Land and forests hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID SDG 15.3.1
Densidad de carreterasIND.ENV.land.road_density ENV Land and forests hazard km/km2 COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Índice de la Lista RojaIND.ENV.biodiversity.red_list_index ENV Biodiversidad vulnerability 1 GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRY SDG 15.5.1
Índice de integridad de la biodiversidadIND.ENV.biodiversity.biodiversity_intactness ENV Biodiversidad vulnerability 1 COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Áreas protegidas terrestres, porcentaje de la superficie terrestreIND.ENV.biodiversity.terrestrial_protected.share ENV Biodiversidad response % COUNTRY, ADM1 WB_WDI ER.LND.PTLD.ZS
Áreas clave para la biodiversidad cubiertas por áreas protegidasIND.ENV.biodiversity.key_biodiversity_area_protected.share ENV Biodiversidad response % COUNTRY, REGION SDG 15.1.2
Áreas marinas protegidas, porcentaje de las aguas territorialesIND.ENV.ocean.marine_protected.share ENV Ocean response % COUNTRY WB_WDI ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS SDG 14.5.1
Índice de eutrofización costeraIND.ENV.ocean.coastal_eutrophication ENV Ocean hazard % COUNTRY, REGION SDG 14.1.1
Acidez marina media (pH)IND.ENV.ocean.ocean_acidity ENV Ocean hazard [pH] COUNTRY, REGION, SITE SDG 14.3.1
Poblaciones de peces dentro de niveles biológicamente sosteniblesIND.ENV.ocean.sustainable_fish_stocks.share ENV Ocean vulnerability % GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRY SDG 14.4.1
Días de ola de calor marina al añoIND.ENV.ocean.marine_heatwave_days ENV Ocean hazard d/a COUNTRY, REGION, GRID UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0708
Residuos sólidos municipales generados per cápitaIND.ENV.pollution.msw_generation.pc ENV Pollution and waste hazard kg/a/{person} COUNTRY, CITY
Residuos sólidos municipales gestionados en instalaciones controladasIND.ENV.pollution.msw_controlled_management.share ENV Pollution and waste coping capacity % COUNTRY, CITY SDG 11.6.1 EPI MSW
Residuos plásticos mal gestionados per cápitaIND.ENV.pollution.mismanaged_plastic_waste.pc ENV Pollution and waste hazard kg/a/{person} COUNTRY, ADM1
PIB en sectores muy dependientes de la naturaleza, proporciónIND.ENV.nature_dependence.nature_dependent_gdp.share ENV Nature dependence exposure % COUNTRY, PORTFOLIO
Valor de la producción agrícola dependiente de la polinización animal, proporciónIND.ENV.nature_dependence.pollinator_dependent_crops.share ENV Nature dependence exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1
Masas de agua con buena calidad ambientalIND.WAT.quality.good_ambient_water_quality.share WAT Water quality vulnerability % COUNTRY, ADM1 SDG 6.3.2
Aguas residuales tratadas de forma seguraIND.WAT.quality.wastewater_safely_treated.share WAT Water quality coping capacity % COUNTRY, CITY SDG 6.3.1 EPI WWT
Severe geomagnetic storm days per yearIND.SPC.weather.severe_geomagnetic_storm_days SPC Clima espacial hazard d/a GLOBAL UNDRR_HIPS_2025 ET0101 EMDAT nat-ext-spa-geo
Amplitud del campo geoeléctrico con un periodo de retorno de 100 añosIND.SPC.weather.geoelectric_field_rp100 SPC Clima espacial hazard V/km COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Strong solar radiation storm days per yearIND.SPC.weather.radiation_storm_days SPC Clima espacial hazard d/a GLOBAL UNDRR_HIPS_2025 ET0104 EMDAT nat-ext-spa-ene
PIB en actividades dependientes de GNSS, proporciónIND.SPC.dependence.gnss_dependent_gdp.share SPC Space-service dependence exposure % COUNTRY, PORTFOLIO UNDRR_HIPS_2025 ET0102
Servicios críticos que dependen de satélites sin respaldo, proporciónIND.SPC.dependence.satellite_service_exposure.share SPC Space-service dependence vulnerability % COUNTRY
Red de alta tensión en zonas de alta amenaza geoeléctrica, proporciónIND.SPC.dependence.grid_gic_exposure.share SPC Space-service dependence exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1
Incidencia de la malariaIND.HLT.burden.malaria_incidence HLT Disease burden and mortality hazard /10*3 COUNTRY WB_WDI SH.MLR.INCD.P3 SDG 3.3.3 WHO_GHO SDGMALARIA
Valor añadido de la agricultura, la silvicultura y la pesca, porcentaje del PIBIND.FOO.agriculture.agri_value_added.gdp FOO Agricultural production and dependence vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS
Empleo en la agricultura, porcentaje del empleo totalIND.FOO.agriculture.agri_employment_share FOO Agricultural production and dependence vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS
Variabilidad del rendimiento de los cereales (15 años)IND.FOO.agriculture.cereal_yield_variability FOO Agricultural production and dependence vulnerability % COUNTRY
Tierras de cultivo, porcentaje de la superficie terrestreIND.FOO.agriculture.cropland.share FOO Agricultural production and dependence exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRID WB_WDI AG.LND.ARBL.ZS
Índice de Salud de la Vegetación en tierras de cultivoIND.FOO.agriculture.vegetation_health_index FOO Agricultural production and dependence hazard {score} COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRID
Desplazados internos, desastres (total)IND.DEM.displacement.idp_disaster DEM Forced displacement impact {persons} COUNTRY, ADM1 IDMC disaster_total_displacement
Desplazados internos, por cada 100,000 habitantesIND.DEM.displacement.idp_total.p100k DEM Forced displacement impact /10*5 COUNTRY
Nuevos desplazamientos internos, desastresIND.DEM.displacement.new_displacement_disaster DEM Forced displacement impact 1 COUNTRY, ADM1 IDMC disaster_new_displacement WB_WDI VC.IDP.NWDS
Nuevos desplazamientos internos, por cada 100,000 habitantesIND.DEM.displacement.new_displacement.p100k DEM Forced displacement impact /10*5 COUNTRY
Proporción renovable del consumo total de energía finalIND.ENE.mix.renewable_share_tfec ENE Energy mix adaptive capacity % COUNTRY SDG 7.2.1 WB_WDI EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS
Intensidad de energía primaria del PIBIND.ENE.mix.energy_intensity ENE Energy mix vulnerability MJ/[USD] COUNTRY SDG 7.3.1 WB_WDI EG.EGY.PRIM.PP.KD
Proporción fósil de la generación eléctricaIND.ENE.mix.fossil_electricity_share ENE Energy mix vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS
Capacidad instalada de generación renovable per cápitaIND.ENE.mix.renewable_capacity.pc ENE Energy mix adaptive capacity W/{person} COUNTRY SDG 7.b.1
Grados-día de calefacción y refrigeraciónIND.ENE.reliability.thermal_demand_degree_days ENE Reliability hazard K.d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID
Concentración de proveedores de importaciones de minerales críticosIND.ENE.minerals.critical_mineral_import_concentration ENE Critical minerals vulnerability 1 COUNTRY
Red vial y ferroviaria en zonas de alta amenaza, proporciónIND.INF.transport.network_exposed.share INF Transport exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Activos de abastecimiento de agua en zonas de alta amenaza, proporciónIND.INF.utilities.water_assets_exposed.share INF Utilities exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Activos de generación y red eléctrica en zonas de alta amenaza, proporciónIND.INF.utilities.power_assets_exposed.share INF Utilities exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Instalaciones vitales en zonas de alta amenaza, proporciónIND.INF.utilities.lifeline_facilities_exposed.share INF Utilities exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Unidades de infraestructura crítica dañadas o destruidas por desastresIND.INF.disruption.critical_infrastructure_damage INF Service disruption impact 1 COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI D-1 SDG 11.5.2
Pérdidas económicas directas en infraestructura crítica, porcentaje del PIBIND.INF.disruption.critical_infrastructure_loss.gdp INF Service disruption impact % COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI C-5
Gasto interno bruto en I+D, porcentaje del PIBIND.TEC.capability.rd_expenditure.gdp TEC Technology capability adaptive capacity % COUNTRY SDG 9.5.1 WB_WDI GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Investigadores por millón de habitantesIND.TEC.capability.researchers_per_million TEC Technology capability adaptive capacity /10*6 COUNTRY SDG 9.5.2 WB_WDI SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
Exportaciones de alta tecnología, porcentaje de las exportaciones de manufacturasIND.TEC.capability.high_tech_exports TEC Technology capability adaptive capacity % COUNTRY WB_WDI TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS SDG 9.b.1
Concentración de proveedores de importaciones de semiconductoresIND.TEC.concentration.semiconductor_import_concentration TEC Concentration and dependence vulnerability 1 COUNTRY
Concentración de proveedores de infraestructura en la nubeIND.TEC.concentration.cloud_provider_concentration TEC Concentration and dependence vulnerability 1 COUNTRY
Capacidad de cómputo de IA bajo control extranjero o de un único proveedorIND.TEC.ai.ai_compute_foreign_control TEC Inteligencia artificial vulnerability % COUNTRY
Concentración de proveedores de modelos fundacionalesIND.TEC.ai.foundation_model_concentration TEC Inteligencia artificial vulnerability % COUNTRY
Supervisión de la bioseguridad y la bioprotección de los laboratorios de alta contenciónIND.TEC.bio.biosecurity_lab_oversight TEC Biotecnología coping capacity {score} COUNTRY
05Amenazas

Hazard families this series reads

families, each crosswalked to the UNDRR–ISC Hazard Information Profiles (2025) where a profile exists.

FIG 4 · Hazard families this series reads
AtmosphereLosTierraPlanetary168HAZARDS
4 hazard domains (inner ring) and 23 families (outer ring), sized by hazard count. Select a segment to filter the table below. Source: Hazard Standard Nexus Hazard Standard.
Familia Dominio Amenazas Count
Solar-terrestrial storms Espacio y entorno cercano a la Tierra Geomagnetic storm, Solar flare radio blackout, Solar radiation storm, Ionospheric disturbance, Geomagnetically induced current, Satellite space-environment anomaly, Thermospheric drag surge, Radiation-belt electron enhancement … 9
Impacts and orbital hazards Espacio y entorno cercano a la Tierra Near-Earth object approach, Meteorite impact, Airburst, Space debris, Orbital collision cascade, Uncontrolled re-entry, Spaceflight accident, Meteoroid stream encounter 8
Convective storms Atmósfera y tiempo Thunderstorm, Lightning strike, Downburst, Tornado, Waterspout, Hail, Squall, Derecho … 11
Cyclonic storm systems Atmósfera y tiempo Tropical cyclone, Subtropical cyclone, Extratropical cyclone, Low-pressure system, Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone, Polar low, Rapid cyclone intensification, Explosive cyclogenesis 8
Damaging wind Atmósfera y tiempo Windstorm, Gale, Downslope windstorm, Clear-air turbulence 4
Precipitation extremes Atmósfera y tiempo Intense rainfall, Heavy snowfall, Snowstorm, Blizzard, Lake-effect snow band, Freezing rain, Structural icing 7
Thermal extremes Atmósfera y tiempo Heatwave, Humid heat stress, Cold wave, Livestock winter disaster, Hard freeze, Frost, Rapid thaw, Extreme night-time heat … 9
Airborne particles and low visibility Atmósfera y tiempo Fog, Dust storm, Dust haze, Haze, Smoke plume, Airborne allergen surge 6
Large-scale circulation anomalies Atmósfera y tiempo Atmospheric river, Atmospheric blocking, Tropical Pacific climate swing, Monsoon failure, Polar vortex disruption, Indian Ocean dipole event, North Atlantic pressure-seesaw extreme 7
Surface radiation extremes Atmósfera y tiempo Extreme ultraviolet exposure, Stratospheric ozone loss episode 2
Vegetation and peat fire Tierras y ecosistemas Extreme fire weather, Wildfire, Wildland-urban interface fire, Peat and underground fire, Fire regime shift 5
Forest and woodland stress Tierras y ecosistemas Deforestation, Forest dieback, Large forest disturbance, Forest pest invasion, Native forest insect outbreak 5
Land and wetland degradation Tierras y ecosistemas Land degradation, Desertification, Soil quality decline, Soil salinisation and sodicity, Wetland loss, Mangrove loss, Peatland drainage and degradation, Soil sealing … 9
Biodiversity and species stress Tierras y ecosistemas Biodiversity loss, Coral bleaching, Pollinator decline, Fishery collapse, Mass wildlife mortality, Human-wildlife conflict, Wildlife disease panzootic, Insect decline … 12
Climate-state shifts Tierras y ecosistemas Abrupt climate-system shift, Volcanic cooling 2
Ecosystem regime shifts Tierras y ecosistemas Kelp forest collapse, Seagrass meadow loss, Lake clear-to-turbid shift, Woody plant encroachment, Coastal habitat squeeze, Food-web collapse 6
Planetary boundary transgressions Límites planetarios y puntos de inflexión del sistema Tierra Climate-forcing boundary transgression, Global temperature overshoot, Global warming acceleration, Atmospheric methane surge, Extinction-rate boundary transgression, Biosphere functional integrity loss, Land-system change boundary transgression, Blue-water flow disturbance … 14
Ice tipping elements Límites planetarios y puntos de inflexión del sistema Tierra Greenland ice sheet tipping, West Antarctic ice sheet collapse, East Antarctic subglacial basin retreat, Arctic winter sea-ice collapse, Antarctic sea-ice regime shift, Regional glacier extinction 6
Ocean circulation and marine tipping Límites planetarios y puntos de inflexión del sistema Tierra Atlantic overturning weakening, Atlantic overturning collapse, Subpolar gyre convection collapse, Antarctic overturning slowdown, Arctic Ocean atlantification, Warm-water coral reef die-off, Marine methane hydrate destabilisation 7
Biome tipping elements Límites planetarios y puntos de inflexión del sistema Tierra Amazon rainforest dieback, Boreal forest southern dieback, Boreal forest northern advance, Tropical forest carbon-sink reversal, Sahel vegetation regime shift 5
Carbon-cycle feedbacks Límites planetarios y puntos de inflexión del sistema Tierra Permafrost carbon release, Abrupt permafrost thaw emission, Subsea permafrost greenhouse gas release, Wetland methane feedback, Land carbon sink weakening, Ocean carbon sink weakening, Soil carbon respiration feedback 7
Atmospheric circulation and monsoon tipping Límites planetarios y puntos de inflexión del sistema Tierra South Asian monsoon regime shift, West African monsoon regime shift, South American monsoon weakening, East Asian monsoon regime shift, Tropical belt widening, Tropical Pacific regime change, Jet-stream regime change, Marine stratocumulus deck breakup … 9
Deep-time and cosmic catastrophes Límites planetarios y puntos de inflexión del sistema Tierra Supereruption, Large-magnitude explosive eruption, Flood-basalt eruption episode, Impact winter, Comet shower, Solar superflare, Gamma-ray burst, Nearby supernova … 10
06Métodos

Method libraries

Each method has a reference implementation or declares the specialist model, data or adapter it still needs; none is promoted beyond its evidence.

37 methods

Ciencia de las amenazas

Hazard Intensity Footprint Screening · Earthquake Hazard · Earthquake Ground Motion · Earthquake Rupture · Liquefaction · Landslide · Tsunami …

24 methods

Datos de riesgo

Source Discovery · Source Fitness · Rights Resolver · Freshness Resolver · Provenance Resolver · Data Quality · Missingness Semantics …

18 methods

Inteligencia sobre exposición y activos

Asset Exposure Aggregation · Physical Asset Inventory · Building Inventory · Population Exposure · Economic Exposure · Replacement Cost · Business Interruption Exposure …

07Users

Who uses it

Governments and national risk agencies

Prioritise prevention and preparedness. Plan with subnational layers. Track Sendai targets. Co-develop a national index.

UN system and humanitarian organisations

Compare needs across contexts with intervals. Watch weekly signals for review. Read outlooks for anticipatory planning.

Insurers, reinsurers and risk pools

Read hazard, exposure and protection-gap context. Run scenario and tail analytics. Study parametric index design questions.

Universities and research

Replicate every value. Study methods. Contribute data and review.

08Informes

Nexus Reports

Edition code
GS-12
Edition status
prevista
Asunto
Named by Nexus Reports

Nexus Reports

09Citar

Citar y reutilizar

GCRI Canada (2026). The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX): Global Earth observation series (GRX-SER-GS-12), Baseline Edition 2026. Preparatory working draft. https://risksindex.com/series/gs-12/ UNI NXS-GRX-AR-000070.
Series key
grix:SER.GS-12:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A
Domain keys
nis:IDX.CLI.physical_chronic.climate_physical_risk:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A nis:IDX.CLI.transition.transition_risk:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A nis:IDX.HAZ.multi.hazard_exposure:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A

Every country reads this series

Each country profile carries the domain indices this series is built from.