Observación de la Tierra global
What Earth observation can and cannot see of risk: coverage, revisit, latency and the observing systems behind NXS-GRX (canonical data, provenance and risk).
6
Climate physical hazard · Climate transition exposure · Multi-hazard exposure · Environmental pressure.
150
5 index domains
23
Space and near-Earth · Atmosphere and weather · Land and ecosystems.
79
Hazard science · Risk data
Scope and questions
The subject is the one named by the Nexus Reports programme for this code.
- Where does observation coverage leave risk unseen?
- Which indices depend on a single observing system?
- How quickly can observation confirm an event?
Domain indices to the series index
The series index is the expert-weighted geometric mean of its domain indices, with the intervals and class rule of the methodology.
How the Global Earth observation index is built
-
Amenaza física climáticaDomain index · IDX · CLI0–10 index of physical climate hazard combining chronic change, observed extremes and projected change (projection sub-index taken at SSP2-4.5, 2041–2060 by default, with other scenarios as alternative runs).
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Exposición a la transición climáticaDomain index · IDX · CLI0–10 index of an economy’s exposure to a low-carbon transition, combining transition exposure (fossil rents, fuel exports, subsidies) and emissions intensity (per capita and per unit of GDP).
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Exposición multiamenazaDomain index · IDX · HAZINFORM-style 0–10 index of natural-hazard exposure: the geophysical, flood and coastal, storm and climatological sub-indices plus the multi-hazard population share, combined by a geometric mean of complements (10 minus each score) so that one severe hazard is not averaged away.
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Presión ambientalDomain index · IDX · ENV0–10 index of environmental pressure and ecosystem condition combining air pollution, land and forest degradation, biodiversity status, ocean condition and waste pressure.
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Exposición al clima espacialDomain index · IDX · SPC0–10 index of space-weather exposure as the product of the space-weather hazard and space-service dependence sub-indices; mostly modelled and expert inputs, so its grade is capped.
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Riesgo de concentración tecnológicaDomain index · IDX · TECIndex of technology dependence, critical-mineral dependence and, inverted, innovation capacity and biosecurity oversight, on a 0–10 scale, higher meaning riskier.
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Global Earth observation indexSeries index · SERIES · GS-12What Earth observation can and cannot see of risk: coverage, revisit, latency and the observing systems behind NXS-GRX.
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Country readingsOutput · OUTPUT · 195 profilesPublished with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
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Regional readingsOutput · OUTPUT · 5 regionsPublished with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
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Global readingOutput · OUTPUT · population or exposure weightedPublished with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
Domain indices in this series
| Índice | Valor | Variación | Variación % | Intervalo del 90 % | Clase · probabilidad | Tendencia | Rango |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amenaza física climáticaNXS-GRX · CLI |
– | – | – | – | – | ||
Exposición a la transición climáticaNXS-GRX · CLI |
– | – | – | – | – | ||
Exposición multiamenazaNXS-GRX · HAZ |
– | – | – | – | – | ||
Presión ambientalNXS-GRX · ENV |
– | – | – | – | – | ||
Exposición al clima espacialNXS-GRX · SPC |
– | – | – | – | – | ||
Riesgo de concentración tecnológicaNXS-GRX · TEC |
– | – | – | – | – |
Domains read: Hazard and exposure, Climate, Environment and biodiversity, Space environment, Technology and frontier.
150 indicators in scope
Every indicator whose primary or secondary domain is in scope, with unit, levels and crosswalks to source code lists.
| Indicador | Dominio | Sub-domain | Componente | Unidad | Niveles | Crosswalks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Costo fiscal anual esperado de los desastres, porcentaje del PIBIND.FIS.contingent.disaster_fiscal_cost.gdp |
FIS | Contingent liabilities | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY | |
Brecha de protección ante catástrofes naturalesIND.FIN.nbfi.nat_cat_protection_gap |
FIN | Non-bank financial intermediation | vulnerability | % |
REGION, COUNTRY | |
Exposición bancaria a sectores intensivos en carbonoIND.FIN.climate_finance.carbon_intensive_exposure |
FIN | Climate-related financial exposure | exposure | % |
COUNTRY | |
Préstamos bancarios expuestos a un alto riesgo físico climáticoIND.FIN.climate_finance.physical_risk_lending |
FIN | Climate-related financial exposure | exposure | % |
COUNTRY | |
Rentas de los recursos naturales, porcentaje del PIBIND.ECO.concentration.natural_resource_rents.gdp |
ECO | Export and import concentration | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI NY.GDP.TOTL.RT.ZS |
Dependencia neta de las importaciones de minerales críticosIND.ECO.concentration.critical_minerals_import_reliance |
ECO | Export and import concentration | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY | |
Calentamiento de la superficie desde la era preindustrialIND.CLI.physical_chronic.warming_since_preindustrial |
CLI | Chronic physical change | hazard | K |
GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | FAO_FAOSTAT ET |
Cambio en la precipitación anualIND.CLI.physical_chronic.precipitation_change |
CLI | Chronic physical change | hazard | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
Tasa de aumento relativo del nivel del marIND.CLI.physical_chronic.relative_sea_level_trend |
CLI | Chronic physical change | hazard | mm/a |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 EN0402 |
Día más caluroso del año (TXx)IND.CLI.physical_acute.txx |
CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | Cel |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | |
Proporción de días cálidos (TX90p)IND.CLI.physical_acute.tx90p |
CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
Cambio en los días muy calurosos (35 °C o más)IND.CLI.physical_acute.hot_days_change |
CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | d/a |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | |
Duración de los periodos cálidos (WSDI)IND.CLI.physical_acute.warm_spell_duration |
CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | d/a |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
Día más lluvioso del año (Rx1day)IND.CLI.physical_acute.rx1day |
CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | mm |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | |
Cinco días más lluviosos del año (Rx5day)IND.CLI.physical_acute.rx5day |
CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | mm |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
Precipitación de días muy lluviosos (R95pTOT)IND.CLI.physical_acute.very_wet_day_share |
CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
Periodo seco más largo (CDD)IND.CLI.physical_acute.consecutive_dry_days |
CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | d |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
Assets vulnerable to climate-related physical risks, shareIND.CLI.physical_acute.physical_risk_vulnerable_assets.share |
CLI | Acute climate extremes | exposure | % |
SITE, PORTFOLIO | IFRS_S2 29(c) |
Calentamiento proyectado desde la era preindustrialIND.CLI.projection.projected_warming |
CLI | Scenario projections | hazard | K |
GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
Cambio proyectado en la temperatura del día más calurosoIND.CLI.projection.projected_txx_change |
CLI | Scenario projections | hazard | K |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
Cambio proyectado en la precipitación de los cinco días más lluviososIND.CLI.projection.projected_rx5day_change |
CLI | Scenario projections | hazard | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
Aumento relativo proyectado del nivel del marIND.CLI.projection.projected_sea_level_rise |
CLI | Scenario projections | hazard | m |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE | |
Población por debajo del futuro nivel de inundación costera de 100 años, proporciónIND.CLI.projection.slr_coastal_population_exposed.share |
CLI | Scenario projections | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | WB_WDI EN.POP.EL5M.ZS |
Emisiones totales de gases de efecto invernadero sin UTCUTSIND.CLI.emissions.ghg_total |
CLI | Emissions | exposure | Mt/a |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5 SDG 13.2.2 |
Emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero per cápitaIND.CLI.emissions.ghg_per_capita |
CLI | Emissions | exposure | t/a/{person} |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI EN.GHG.ALL.PC.CE.AR5 EPI GHP |
Intensidad de carbono del PIBIND.CLI.emissions.carbon_intensity_gdp |
CLI | Emissions | exposure | kg/[USD] |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI EN.GHG.CO2.RT.GDP.KD SDG 9.4.1 |
Financed emissions of a portfolioIND.CLI.emissions.financed_emissions |
CLI | Emissions | exposure | Mt/a |
PORTFOLIO | IFRS_S2 29(a)(vi) |
Rentas de los combustibles fósiles, porcentaje del PIBIND.CLI.transition.fossil_fuel_rents.gdp |
CLI | Transition exposure | exposure | % |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI NY.GDP.PETR.RT.ZS WB_WDI NY.GDP.NGAS.RT.ZS WB_WDI NY.GDP.COAL.RT.ZS |
Exportaciones de combustibles, porcentaje de las exportaciones de mercancíasIND.CLI.transition.fossil_fuel_exports.share |
CLI | Transition exposure | exposure | % |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI TX.VAL.FUEL.ZS.UN |
Subsidios explícitos a los combustibles fósiles, porcentaje del PIBIND.CLI.transition.fossil_fuel_subsidies.gdp |
CLI | Transition exposure | exposure | % |
COUNTRY | |
Assets vulnerable to climate-related transition risks, shareIND.CLI.transition.transition_risk_vulnerable_assets.share |
CLI | Transition exposure | exposure | % |
PORTFOLIO | IFRS_S2 29(b) |
Meta de emisiones de la CDN 2030 para toda la economíaIND.CLI.transition.ndc_target_ambition |
CLI | Transition exposure | response | % |
COUNTRY | SDG 13.2.1 |
Plan nacional de adaptación presentadoIND.CLI.adaptation.nap_submitted |
CLI | Adaptation readiness | adaptive capacity | {bool} |
COUNTRY | SDG 13.2.1 |
Preparación económica para la inversión en adaptaciónIND.CLI.adaptation.economic_readiness |
CLI | Adaptation readiness | adaptive capacity | {score} |
COUNTRY | ND_GAIN economic |
Preparación de la gobernanza para la adaptaciónIND.CLI.adaptation.governance_readiness |
CLI | Adaptation readiness | adaptive capacity | {score} |
COUNTRY | ND_GAIN governance |
Preparación social para la adaptaciónIND.CLI.adaptation.social_readiness |
CLI | Adaptation readiness | adaptive capacity | {score} |
COUNTRY | ND_GAIN social |
Financiación internacional para la adaptación recibida per cápitaIND.CLI.adaptation.adaptation_finance_received.pc |
CLI | Adaptation readiness | adaptive capacity | [USD] |
COUNTRY | |
Población expuesta a dos o más amenazas principales, proporciónIND.HAZ.multi.multi_hazard_exposure.share |
HAZ | Multi-hazard | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | INFORM HA.NAT |
Pérdida anual media multiamenaza, porcentaje del PIBIND.HAZ.multi.aal.gdp |
HAZ | Multi-hazard | impact | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, PORTFOLIO | |
Pérdida anual media multiamenaza, porcentaje del stock de capital producidoIND.HAZ.multi.aal.capital_stock |
HAZ | Multi-hazard | impact | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, PORTFOLIO | |
Pérdida máxima probable con un periodo de retorno de 250 años, porcentaje del PIBIND.HAZ.multi.pml_rp250.gdp |
HAZ | Multi-hazard | impact | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, PORTFOLIO | |
Aceleración máxima del suelo con un periodo de retorno de 475 añosIND.HAZ.seismic.pga_rp475 |
HAZ | Seismic and volcanic | hazard | [g] |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 GH0101 INFORM HA.NAT.EQ |
Personas expuestas a sacudidas sísmicas fuertes, media anualIND.HAZ.seismic.eq_population_exposed |
HAZ | Seismic and volcanic | exposure | {persons} |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | INFORM EX_EQ_MMI8 |
Personas expuestas a sacudidas sísmicas fuertes, porcentaje de la poblaciónIND.HAZ.seismic.eq_population_exposed.share |
HAZ | Seismic and volcanic | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | |
Pérdida anual media por terremotos, porcentaje del PIBIND.HAZ.seismic.eq_aal.gdp |
HAZ | Seismic and volcanic | impact | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, PORTFOLIO | |
Población a menos de 30 km de un volcán del HolocenoIND.HAZ.seismic.volcano_population_30km |
HAZ | Seismic and volcanic | exposure | {persons} |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 GH0203 |
Probabilidad de caída de ceniza volcánica dañina en 100 añosIND.HAZ.seismic.ash_fall_probability |
HAZ | Seismic and volcanic | hazard | 1 |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 GH0202 EMDAT nat-geo-vol-ash |
Nivel extremo del mar en aguas tranquilas con un periodo de retorno de 100 añosIND.HAZ.coastal.extreme_sea_level_rp100 |
HAZ | Coastal and sea level | hazard | m |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0703 EMDAT nat-met-sto-sur |
Población en la llanura de inundación costera de 100 años, proporciónIND.HAZ.coastal.coastal_flood_population_exposed.share |
HAZ | Coastal and sea level | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | INFORM EX_CFL UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0601 |
Población por debajo de 5 m de altitud, proporciónIND.HAZ.coastal.low_elevation_population.share |
HAZ | Coastal and sea level | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | WB_WDI EN.POP.EL5M.ZS |
Altura máxima de inundación por tsunami con un periodo de retorno de 500 añosIND.HAZ.coastal.tsunami_inundation_rp500 |
HAZ | Coastal and sea level | hazard | m |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0705 INFORM HA.NAT.TS |
Población expuesta a tsunamis, proporciónIND.HAZ.coastal.tsunami_population_exposed.share |
HAZ | Coastal and sea level | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | INFORM EX_TS EMDAT nat-geo-ear-tsu |
Fluvial flood depth at 100-year return periodIND.HAZ.flood.river_flood_depth_rp100 |
HAZ | Flood | hazard | m |
ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID, SITE | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0604 EMDAT nat-hyd-flo-riv |
Pluvial and flash flood depth at 100-year return periodIND.HAZ.flood.pluvial_flood_depth_rp100 |
HAZ | Flood | hazard | m |
ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID, SITE | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0603 UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0606 EMDAT nat-hyd-flo-fla |
Personas expuestas a inundaciones fluviales, media anualIND.HAZ.flood.flood_population_exposed |
HAZ | Flood | exposure | {persons} |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY | INFORM EX_FL INFORM HA.NAT.FL |
Personas expuestas a inundaciones fluviales, porcentaje de la poblaciónIND.HAZ.flood.flood_population_exposed.share |
HAZ | Flood | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY | |
Nivel de diseño de la protección contra inundacionesIND.HAZ.flood.flood_protection_standard |
HAZ | Flood | coping capacity | a |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE | |
Pérdida anual media por inundaciones fluviales, porcentaje del PIBIND.HAZ.flood.flood_aal.gdp |
HAZ | Flood | impact | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, PORTFOLIO | |
Velocidad del viento de ciclones tropicales con un periodo de retorno de 100 añosIND.HAZ.storm.tc_wind_rp100 |
HAZ | Tropical and severe storms | hazard | m/s |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0309 INFORM HA.NAT.TC |
Probabilidad anual de vientos ciclónicos de categoría 1 o superiorIND.HAZ.storm.tc_cat1_probability |
HAZ | Tropical and severe storms | hazard | 1 |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE | |
Personas expuestas a vientos ciclónicos de categoría 1, media anualIND.HAZ.storm.tc_population_exposed |
HAZ | Tropical and severe storms | exposure | {persons} |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | INFORM EX_TC_SS1 |
Personas expuestas a vientos ciclónicos de categoría 1, porcentaje de la poblaciónIND.HAZ.storm.tc_population_exposed.share |
HAZ | Tropical and severe storms | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | |
Pérdida anual media por ciclones tropicales, porcentaje del PIBIND.HAZ.storm.tc_aal.gdp |
HAZ | Tropical and severe storms | impact | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, PORTFOLIO | |
Días con granizo grande al añoIND.HAZ.storm.large_hail_days |
HAZ | Tropical and severe storms | hazard | d/a |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID, SITE | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0404 EMDAT nat-met-sto-hai |
Días con condiciones de tormentas severasIND.HAZ.storm.severe_convective_days |
HAZ | Tropical and severe storms | hazard | d/a |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0103 EMDAT nat-met-sto-sev |
Frecuencia de sequía meteorológica graveIND.HAZ.drought.spei_drought_frequency |
HAZ | Sequía | hazard | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0401 INFORM HA.NAT.DR |
Frecuencia de estrés por sequía agrícolaIND.HAZ.drought.agricultural_stress_frequency |
HAZ | Sequía | hazard | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | INFORM ASI |
Personas afectadas por la sequía, proporción media anualIND.HAZ.drought.drought_affected.share |
HAZ | Sequía | impact | % |
COUNTRY | INFORM AFF_DR EMDAT nat-cli-dro-dro |
Días de calor húmedo peligroso al añoIND.HAZ.heat.dangerous_heat_days |
HAZ | Extreme heat | hazard | d/a |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0501 |
Episodios de exposición a olas de calor por personaIND.HAZ.heat.heatwave_person_days |
HAZ | Extreme heat | exposure | d/a |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | |
Población expuesta al calor extremo, proporciónIND.HAZ.heat.heat_population_exposed.share |
HAZ | Extreme heat | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | |
Días con condiciones meteorológicas extremas de incendio al añoIND.HAZ.wildfire.extreme_fire_weather_days |
HAZ | Incendios forestales | hazard | d/a |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
Superficie quemada anual, porcentaje de la superficie terrestreIND.HAZ.wildfire.burned_area.share |
HAZ | Incendios forestales | hazard | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 EN0205 EMDAT nat-cli-wil-wil |
Población en la interfaz urbano-forestal, proporciónIND.HAZ.wildfire.wui_population.share |
HAZ | Incendios forestales | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | |
Población en zonas de alta susceptibilidad a deslizamientos, proporciónIND.HAZ.landslide.landslide_susceptible_population.share |
HAZ | Landslide | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 GH0300 |
Muertes por deslizamientos por cada 100,000, media anualIND.HAZ.landslide.fatal_landslide_rate |
HAZ | Landslide | impact | /10*5 |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | EMDAT nat-hyd-mmw-lan |
Población cerca de instalaciones industriales de alto riesgo, proporciónIND.HAZ.technological.major_hazard_site_population.share |
HAZ | Tecnológico | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 TL0304 UNDRR_HIPS_2025 TL0309 |
Población a menos de 30 km de un reactor nuclear en funcionamientoIND.HAZ.technological.nuclear_population_30km |
HAZ | Tecnológico | exposure | {persons} |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 TL0208 |
Muertes por accidentes industriales por cada 100,000, media anualIND.HAZ.technological.industrial_accident_deaths |
HAZ | Tecnológico | impact | /10*5 |
COUNTRY | EMDAT tec-ind-ind-ind |
Superficie edificadaIND.HAZ.exposure.built_up_area |
HAZ | Exposición | context | km2 |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
Stock de capital producidoIND.HAZ.exposure.capital_stock |
HAZ | Exposición | context | [USD] |
COUNTRY, ADM1, PORTFOLIO | |
Superficie edificada en zonas de alta amenazaIND.HAZ.exposure.built_up_exposed |
HAZ | Exposición | exposure | km2 |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
Superficie edificada en zonas de alta amenaza, proporciónIND.HAZ.exposure.built_up_exposed.share |
HAZ | Exposición | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY | |
PIB generado en zonas de alta amenaza, proporciónIND.HAZ.exposure.gdp_exposed.share |
HAZ | Exposición | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | |
Muertes y personas desaparecidas por desastres por cada 100,000IND.HAZ.loss.deaths_missing_rate |
HAZ | Losses and impacts | impact | /10*5 |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | SENDAI A-1 SDG 1.5.1 |
Personas directamente afectadas por desastres por cada 100,000IND.HAZ.loss.directly_affected_rate |
HAZ | Losses and impacts | impact | /10*5 |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | SENDAI B-1 SDG 1.5.1 |
Pérdidas económicas directas por desastres, porcentaje del PIBIND.HAZ.loss.direct_economic_loss.gdp |
HAZ | Losses and impacts | impact | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | SENDAI C-1 SDG 1.5.2 |
Muertes por desastres registradas por cada 100,000, media de 30 añosIND.HAZ.loss.recorded_disaster_deaths |
HAZ | Losses and impacts | impact | /10*5 |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | EMDAT Total Deaths |
Personas afectadas por desastres registradas por cada 100,000, media de 30 añosIND.HAZ.loss.recorded_disaster_affected |
HAZ | Losses and impacts | impact | /10*5 |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | EMDAT Total Affected |
Daños por desastres registrados, porcentaje del PIB, media de 30 añosIND.HAZ.loss.recorded_disaster_damage.gdp |
HAZ | Losses and impacts | impact | % |
COUNTRY | EMDAT Total Damage, Adjusted ('000 US$) |
Exposición a PM2.5, media ponderada por poblaciónIND.ENV.air.pm25_exposure |
ENV | Calidad del aire | hazard | ug/m3 |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | WB_WDI EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3 SDG 11.6.2 EPI PMD |
Población expuesta por encima de la directriz de la OMS sobre PM2.5, proporciónIND.ENV.air.pm25_guideline_exceedance.share |
ENV | Calidad del aire | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | WB_WDI EN.ATM.PM25.MC.ZS |
Exposición estacional máxima al ozonoIND.ENV.air.ozone_exposure |
ENV | Calidad del aire | hazard | [ppb] |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | |
Superficie terrestreIND.ENV.land.land_area |
ENV | Land and forests | context | km2 |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY | WB_WDI AG.LND.TOTL.K2 |
Superficie forestal, porcentaje de la superficie terrestreIND.ENV.land.forest_cover.share |
ENV | Land and forests | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | SDG 15.1.1 WB_WDI AG.LND.FRST.ZS |
Tasa anual de pérdida de cubierta arbóreaIND.ENV.land.tree_cover_loss.share |
ENV | Land and forests | hazard | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRID | EPI TCL |
Tierras degradadas, porcentaje de la superficie terrestreIND.ENV.land.land_degradation.share |
ENV | Land and forests | hazard | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | SDG 15.3.1 |
Densidad de carreterasIND.ENV.land.road_density |
ENV | Land and forests | hazard | km/km2 |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
Índice de la Lista RojaIND.ENV.biodiversity.red_list_index |
ENV | Biodiversidad | vulnerability | 1 |
GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRY | SDG 15.5.1 |
Índice de integridad de la biodiversidadIND.ENV.biodiversity.biodiversity_intactness |
ENV | Biodiversidad | vulnerability | 1 |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
Áreas protegidas terrestres, porcentaje de la superficie terrestreIND.ENV.biodiversity.terrestrial_protected.share |
ENV | Biodiversidad | response | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | WB_WDI ER.LND.PTLD.ZS |
Áreas clave para la biodiversidad cubiertas por áreas protegidasIND.ENV.biodiversity.key_biodiversity_area_protected.share |
ENV | Biodiversidad | response | % |
COUNTRY, REGION | SDG 15.1.2 |
Áreas marinas protegidas, porcentaje de las aguas territorialesIND.ENV.ocean.marine_protected.share |
ENV | Ocean | response | % |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS SDG 14.5.1 |
Índice de eutrofización costeraIND.ENV.ocean.coastal_eutrophication |
ENV | Ocean | hazard | % |
COUNTRY, REGION | SDG 14.1.1 |
Acidez marina media (pH)IND.ENV.ocean.ocean_acidity |
ENV | Ocean | hazard | [pH] |
COUNTRY, REGION, SITE | SDG 14.3.1 |
Poblaciones de peces dentro de niveles biológicamente sosteniblesIND.ENV.ocean.sustainable_fish_stocks.share |
ENV | Ocean | vulnerability | % |
GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRY | SDG 14.4.1 |
Días de ola de calor marina al añoIND.ENV.ocean.marine_heatwave_days |
ENV | Ocean | hazard | d/a |
COUNTRY, REGION, GRID | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0708 |
Residuos sólidos municipales generados per cápitaIND.ENV.pollution.msw_generation.pc |
ENV | Pollution and waste | hazard | kg/a/{person} |
COUNTRY, CITY | |
Residuos sólidos municipales gestionados en instalaciones controladasIND.ENV.pollution.msw_controlled_management.share |
ENV | Pollution and waste | coping capacity | % |
COUNTRY, CITY | SDG 11.6.1 EPI MSW |
Residuos plásticos mal gestionados per cápitaIND.ENV.pollution.mismanaged_plastic_waste.pc |
ENV | Pollution and waste | hazard | kg/a/{person} |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | |
PIB en sectores muy dependientes de la naturaleza, proporciónIND.ENV.nature_dependence.nature_dependent_gdp.share |
ENV | Nature dependence | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, PORTFOLIO | |
Valor de la producción agrícola dependiente de la polinización animal, proporciónIND.ENV.nature_dependence.pollinator_dependent_crops.share |
ENV | Nature dependence | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | |
Masas de agua con buena calidad ambientalIND.WAT.quality.good_ambient_water_quality.share |
WAT | Water quality | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | SDG 6.3.2 |
Aguas residuales tratadas de forma seguraIND.WAT.quality.wastewater_safely_treated.share |
WAT | Water quality | coping capacity | % |
COUNTRY, CITY | SDG 6.3.1 EPI WWT |
Severe geomagnetic storm days per yearIND.SPC.weather.severe_geomagnetic_storm_days |
SPC | Clima espacial | hazard | d/a |
GLOBAL | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 ET0101 EMDAT nat-ext-spa-geo |
Amplitud del campo geoeléctrico con un periodo de retorno de 100 añosIND.SPC.weather.geoelectric_field_rp100 |
SPC | Clima espacial | hazard | V/km |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
Strong solar radiation storm days per yearIND.SPC.weather.radiation_storm_days |
SPC | Clima espacial | hazard | d/a |
GLOBAL | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 ET0104 EMDAT nat-ext-spa-ene |
PIB en actividades dependientes de GNSS, proporciónIND.SPC.dependence.gnss_dependent_gdp.share |
SPC | Space-service dependence | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, PORTFOLIO | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 ET0102 |
Servicios críticos que dependen de satélites sin respaldo, proporciónIND.SPC.dependence.satellite_service_exposure.share |
SPC | Space-service dependence | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY | |
Red de alta tensión en zonas de alta amenaza geoeléctrica, proporciónIND.SPC.dependence.grid_gic_exposure.share |
SPC | Space-service dependence | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | |
Incidencia de la malariaIND.HLT.burden.malaria_incidence |
HLT | Disease burden and mortality | hazard | /10*3 |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI SH.MLR.INCD.P3 SDG 3.3.3 WHO_GHO SDGMALARIA |
Valor añadido de la agricultura, la silvicultura y la pesca, porcentaje del PIBIND.FOO.agriculture.agri_value_added.gdp |
FOO | Agricultural production and dependence | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS |
Empleo en la agricultura, porcentaje del empleo totalIND.FOO.agriculture.agri_employment_share |
FOO | Agricultural production and dependence | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS |
Variabilidad del rendimiento de los cereales (15 años)IND.FOO.agriculture.cereal_yield_variability |
FOO | Agricultural production and dependence | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY | |
Tierras de cultivo, porcentaje de la superficie terrestreIND.FOO.agriculture.cropland.share |
FOO | Agricultural production and dependence | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRID | WB_WDI AG.LND.ARBL.ZS |
Índice de Salud de la Vegetación en tierras de cultivoIND.FOO.agriculture.vegetation_health_index |
FOO | Agricultural production and dependence | hazard | {score} |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRID | |
Desplazados internos, desastres (total)IND.DEM.displacement.idp_disaster |
DEM | Forced displacement | impact | {persons} |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | IDMC disaster_total_displacement |
Desplazados internos, por cada 100,000 habitantesIND.DEM.displacement.idp_total.p100k |
DEM | Forced displacement | impact | /10*5 |
COUNTRY | |
Nuevos desplazamientos internos, desastresIND.DEM.displacement.new_displacement_disaster |
DEM | Forced displacement | impact | 1 |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | IDMC disaster_new_displacement WB_WDI VC.IDP.NWDS |
Nuevos desplazamientos internos, por cada 100,000 habitantesIND.DEM.displacement.new_displacement.p100k |
DEM | Forced displacement | impact | /10*5 |
COUNTRY | |
Proporción renovable del consumo total de energía finalIND.ENE.mix.renewable_share_tfec |
ENE | Energy mix | adaptive capacity | % |
COUNTRY | SDG 7.2.1 WB_WDI EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS |
Intensidad de energía primaria del PIBIND.ENE.mix.energy_intensity |
ENE | Energy mix | vulnerability | MJ/[USD] |
COUNTRY | SDG 7.3.1 WB_WDI EG.EGY.PRIM.PP.KD |
Proporción fósil de la generación eléctricaIND.ENE.mix.fossil_electricity_share |
ENE | Energy mix | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS |
Capacidad instalada de generación renovable per cápitaIND.ENE.mix.renewable_capacity.pc |
ENE | Energy mix | adaptive capacity | W/{person} |
COUNTRY | SDG 7.b.1 |
Grados-día de calefacción y refrigeraciónIND.ENE.reliability.thermal_demand_degree_days |
ENE | Reliability | hazard | K.d/a |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | |
Concentración de proveedores de importaciones de minerales críticosIND.ENE.minerals.critical_mineral_import_concentration |
ENE | Critical minerals | vulnerability | 1 |
COUNTRY | |
Red vial y ferroviaria en zonas de alta amenaza, proporciónIND.INF.transport.network_exposed.share |
INF | Transport | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
Activos de abastecimiento de agua en zonas de alta amenaza, proporciónIND.INF.utilities.water_assets_exposed.share |
INF | Utilities | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
Activos de generación y red eléctrica en zonas de alta amenaza, proporciónIND.INF.utilities.power_assets_exposed.share |
INF | Utilities | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
Instalaciones vitales en zonas de alta amenaza, proporciónIND.INF.utilities.lifeline_facilities_exposed.share |
INF | Utilities | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
Unidades de infraestructura crítica dañadas o destruidas por desastresIND.INF.disruption.critical_infrastructure_damage |
INF | Service disruption | impact | 1 |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | SENDAI D-1 SDG 11.5.2 |
Pérdidas económicas directas en infraestructura crítica, porcentaje del PIBIND.INF.disruption.critical_infrastructure_loss.gdp |
INF | Service disruption | impact | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | SENDAI C-5 |
Gasto interno bruto en I+D, porcentaje del PIBIND.TEC.capability.rd_expenditure.gdp |
TEC | Technology capability | adaptive capacity | % |
COUNTRY | SDG 9.5.1 WB_WDI GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |
Investigadores por millón de habitantesIND.TEC.capability.researchers_per_million |
TEC | Technology capability | adaptive capacity | /10*6 |
COUNTRY | SDG 9.5.2 WB_WDI SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6 |
Exportaciones de alta tecnología, porcentaje de las exportaciones de manufacturasIND.TEC.capability.high_tech_exports |
TEC | Technology capability | adaptive capacity | % |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS SDG 9.b.1 |
Concentración de proveedores de importaciones de semiconductoresIND.TEC.concentration.semiconductor_import_concentration |
TEC | Concentration and dependence | vulnerability | 1 |
COUNTRY | |
Concentración de proveedores de infraestructura en la nubeIND.TEC.concentration.cloud_provider_concentration |
TEC | Concentration and dependence | vulnerability | 1 |
COUNTRY | |
Capacidad de cómputo de IA bajo control extranjero o de un único proveedorIND.TEC.ai.ai_compute_foreign_control |
TEC | Inteligencia artificial | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY | |
Concentración de proveedores de modelos fundacionalesIND.TEC.ai.foundation_model_concentration |
TEC | Inteligencia artificial | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY | |
Supervisión de la bioseguridad y la bioprotección de los laboratorios de alta contenciónIND.TEC.bio.biosecurity_lab_oversight |
TEC | Biotecnología | coping capacity | {score} |
COUNTRY |
Hazard families this series reads
families, each crosswalked to the UNDRR–ISC Hazard Information Profiles (2025) where a profile exists.
| Familia | Dominio | Amenazas | Count |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solar-terrestrial storms | Espacio y entorno cercano a la Tierra | Geomagnetic storm, Solar flare radio blackout, Solar radiation storm, Ionospheric disturbance, Geomagnetically induced current, Satellite space-environment anomaly, Thermospheric drag surge, Radiation-belt electron enhancement … | 9 |
| Impacts and orbital hazards | Espacio y entorno cercano a la Tierra | Near-Earth object approach, Meteorite impact, Airburst, Space debris, Orbital collision cascade, Uncontrolled re-entry, Spaceflight accident, Meteoroid stream encounter | 8 |
| Convective storms | Atmósfera y tiempo | Thunderstorm, Lightning strike, Downburst, Tornado, Waterspout, Hail, Squall, Derecho … | 11 |
| Cyclonic storm systems | Atmósfera y tiempo | Tropical cyclone, Subtropical cyclone, Extratropical cyclone, Low-pressure system, Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone, Polar low, Rapid cyclone intensification, Explosive cyclogenesis | 8 |
| Damaging wind | Atmósfera y tiempo | Windstorm, Gale, Downslope windstorm, Clear-air turbulence | 4 |
| Precipitation extremes | Atmósfera y tiempo | Intense rainfall, Heavy snowfall, Snowstorm, Blizzard, Lake-effect snow band, Freezing rain, Structural icing | 7 |
| Thermal extremes | Atmósfera y tiempo | Heatwave, Humid heat stress, Cold wave, Livestock winter disaster, Hard freeze, Frost, Rapid thaw, Extreme night-time heat … | 9 |
| Airborne particles and low visibility | Atmósfera y tiempo | Fog, Dust storm, Dust haze, Haze, Smoke plume, Airborne allergen surge | 6 |
| Large-scale circulation anomalies | Atmósfera y tiempo | Atmospheric river, Atmospheric blocking, Tropical Pacific climate swing, Monsoon failure, Polar vortex disruption, Indian Ocean dipole event, North Atlantic pressure-seesaw extreme | 7 |
| Surface radiation extremes | Atmósfera y tiempo | Extreme ultraviolet exposure, Stratospheric ozone loss episode | 2 |
| Vegetation and peat fire | Tierras y ecosistemas | Extreme fire weather, Wildfire, Wildland-urban interface fire, Peat and underground fire, Fire regime shift | 5 |
| Forest and woodland stress | Tierras y ecosistemas | Deforestation, Forest dieback, Large forest disturbance, Forest pest invasion, Native forest insect outbreak | 5 |
| Land and wetland degradation | Tierras y ecosistemas | Land degradation, Desertification, Soil quality decline, Soil salinisation and sodicity, Wetland loss, Mangrove loss, Peatland drainage and degradation, Soil sealing … | 9 |
| Biodiversity and species stress | Tierras y ecosistemas | Biodiversity loss, Coral bleaching, Pollinator decline, Fishery collapse, Mass wildlife mortality, Human-wildlife conflict, Wildlife disease panzootic, Insect decline … | 12 |
| Climate-state shifts | Tierras y ecosistemas | Abrupt climate-system shift, Volcanic cooling | 2 |
| Ecosystem regime shifts | Tierras y ecosistemas | Kelp forest collapse, Seagrass meadow loss, Lake clear-to-turbid shift, Woody plant encroachment, Coastal habitat squeeze, Food-web collapse | 6 |
| Planetary boundary transgressions | Límites planetarios y puntos de inflexión del sistema Tierra | Climate-forcing boundary transgression, Global temperature overshoot, Global warming acceleration, Atmospheric methane surge, Extinction-rate boundary transgression, Biosphere functional integrity loss, Land-system change boundary transgression, Blue-water flow disturbance … | 14 |
| Ice tipping elements | Límites planetarios y puntos de inflexión del sistema Tierra | Greenland ice sheet tipping, West Antarctic ice sheet collapse, East Antarctic subglacial basin retreat, Arctic winter sea-ice collapse, Antarctic sea-ice regime shift, Regional glacier extinction | 6 |
| Ocean circulation and marine tipping | Límites planetarios y puntos de inflexión del sistema Tierra | Atlantic overturning weakening, Atlantic overturning collapse, Subpolar gyre convection collapse, Antarctic overturning slowdown, Arctic Ocean atlantification, Warm-water coral reef die-off, Marine methane hydrate destabilisation | 7 |
| Biome tipping elements | Límites planetarios y puntos de inflexión del sistema Tierra | Amazon rainforest dieback, Boreal forest southern dieback, Boreal forest northern advance, Tropical forest carbon-sink reversal, Sahel vegetation regime shift | 5 |
| Carbon-cycle feedbacks | Límites planetarios y puntos de inflexión del sistema Tierra | Permafrost carbon release, Abrupt permafrost thaw emission, Subsea permafrost greenhouse gas release, Wetland methane feedback, Land carbon sink weakening, Ocean carbon sink weakening, Soil carbon respiration feedback | 7 |
| Atmospheric circulation and monsoon tipping | Límites planetarios y puntos de inflexión del sistema Tierra | South Asian monsoon regime shift, West African monsoon regime shift, South American monsoon weakening, East Asian monsoon regime shift, Tropical belt widening, Tropical Pacific regime change, Jet-stream regime change, Marine stratocumulus deck breakup … | 9 |
| Deep-time and cosmic catastrophes | Límites planetarios y puntos de inflexión del sistema Tierra | Supereruption, Large-magnitude explosive eruption, Flood-basalt eruption episode, Impact winter, Comet shower, Solar superflare, Gamma-ray burst, Nearby supernova … | 10 |
Method libraries
Each method has a reference implementation or declares the specialist model, data or adapter it still needs; none is promoted beyond its evidence.
Ciencia de las amenazas
Hazard Intensity Footprint Screening · Earthquake Hazard · Earthquake Ground Motion · Earthquake Rupture · Liquefaction · Landslide · Tsunami …
Datos de riesgo
Source Discovery · Source Fitness · Rights Resolver · Freshness Resolver · Provenance Resolver · Data Quality · Missingness Semantics …
Inteligencia sobre exposición y activos
Asset Exposure Aggregation · Physical Asset Inventory · Building Inventory · Population Exposure · Economic Exposure · Replacement Cost · Business Interruption Exposure …
Who uses it
Governments and national risk agencies
Prioritise prevention and preparedness. Plan with subnational layers. Track Sendai targets. Co-develop a national index.
UN system and humanitarian organisations
Compare needs across contexts with intervals. Watch weekly signals for review. Read outlooks for anticipatory planning.
Insurers, reinsurers and risk pools
Read hazard, exposure and protection-gap context. Run scenario and tail analytics. Study parametric index design questions.
Universities and research
Replicate every value. Study methods. Contribute data and review.
Nexus Reports
- Edition code
GS-12- Edition status
- prevista
- Asunto
- Named by Nexus Reports
Citar y reutilizar
- Series key
grix:SER.GS-12:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A- Domain keys
nis:IDX.CLI.physical_chronic.climate_physical_risk:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:Anis:IDX.CLI.transition.transition_risk:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:Anis:IDX.HAZ.multi.hazard_exposure:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A
Every country reads this series
Each country profile carries the domain indices this series is built from.
Estado
La metodología, la estructura y las definiciones de The Global Risks Index son un borrador de trabajo preparatorio (2026), difundido para examen y comentarios y no para su aplicación. Ningún valor aparece hasta que se publica una edición a partir de un corte de evidencia gobernado; los valores incluyen entonces intervalos, clases, fuentes y su vía de corrección. Los simuladores aplican los métodos publicados a las cifras que usted elija y nunca muestran un valor del NXS-GRX.
Lo que NXS-GRX no es
NXS-GRX es información de investigación y analítica de riesgos. No es una calificación crediticia ni ESG y no usa ninguna escala de calificación; no es un índice de referencia para instrumentos financieros, ni estadística oficial, ni una alerta de emergencia o clasificación oficial, ni asesoramiento. No debe usarse para evaluar a personas físicas. Las clases de riesgo son bandas en una escala publicada, nunca clasificaciones de países ni de personas.
Instituciones y fuentes
The Nexus Consortium is stewarded by three independent not-for-profit institutions: The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), through GCRI US in Washington, DC and GCRI Canada in Ontario, with GCRI Canada as Lead Institution, Consortium Secretariat and lead contracting organisation; The Global Risks Forum (GRF); and The Global Risks Alliance (GRA). Technology, infrastructure and service providers work with the Consortium at arm’s length under written agreements, like every other external party in the public-private-planet model, and hold no role in its stewardship.
Cada valor lleva la atribución de sus fuentes, que conservan sus propias licencias. Los nombres externos se citan únicamente a efectos de interoperabilidad. Los textos de autoría de Nexus están destinados a publicarse bajo CC BY 4.0.
Avis en français
La méthodologie et les définitions du NXS-GRX sont un projet de travail préparatoire (2026). Le NXS-GRX est une information de recherche et d’analyse des risques : ni notation, ni indice de référence financier, ni statistique officielle, ni alerte, ni conseil. Les classes de risque sont des bandes sur une échelle publiée, non des classements.