宏观经济与对外头寸
产出、价格、对外收支和储备、货币条件和劳动力，附有区间以及自上一版以来的变化。
- GDP
- US$ 90.5 billion 2025
- 人均国内生产总值
- US$ 19,790 2025
- 国内生产总值增长
- 4.3% 2025
4 admitted · 4 under legal review · 1 not in the register
NXS-GRX-PAN · Central America
巴拿马
页面 GRX-PAN版本 基线版 2026证据截止 2026-09-30ISO PAN / PA状态 联合国会员国数值 尚未发布方法 v1.0.0-draft
图 1 · Panama in Central America
正在加载地图
Equal Earth · Natural Earth 1:110m · locator发布后显示数值
20
领域指数
443
国家指标
14
危害领域
7
次区域同类国家
01简报
Panama at a glance
发生了哪些变化、哪些正在运行、哪些已开放，每项都附有来源。
综合
实时警报随版本发布
The composite risk of Panama, with its 90% interval and class probability, appears when the first edition is released.
Through NXS-GRX (canonical data, provenance and risk)
Active hazard alerts in Panama come only through NXS-GRX once it admits risksindex.com; pages never call providers directly.
危害 更正无记录
No correction is recorded for this country in the current edition’s log.
通知 答辩权打开
Institutions of Panama can submit evidence or a reply at any time.
提交02人道主义数据
Panama in humanitarian data
来自人道主义数据交换平台（Humanitarian Data Exchange）的源观测数据，每项都附有参考日期、提供方和许可协议。它们不是指数数值。
Population · 2023-12-31
4,064,445
人。UNFPA · Creative Commons Attribution for Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY-IGO)。
Refugees hosted · 2025-12-31
66,109
refugees and asylum-seekers in the country. UNHCR – The UN Refugee Agency · Creative Commons Attribution for Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY-IGO).
Refugees from the country · 2025-12-31
5,368
refugees and asylum-seekers abroad, most in United States of America, Panama, Spain. UNHCR – The UN Refugee Agency · Creative Commons Attribution for Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY-IGO).
降雨
74 units
with rainfall against the long-term average, on the unit pages. WFP – World Food Programme · Creative Commons Attribution International (CC BY).
Food prices · 2022-07-14
1 markets
Beans (cranberry): 1.07 PAB per 46 KG. WFP – World Food Programme · Creative Commons Attribution for Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY-IGO).
03领域
The full profile of Panama, area by area
从宏观经济到前沿技术的十四个领域，以及计划中的创新指数。每张卡片都说明其来源是否已获准使用，显示构成，并提供两项操作：该领域需要什么，以及一个您现在就可以用开放数据运行的情景。
阅读说明已准入：可用法律审查中：等待已禁止：排除未列入登记册：尚未评估Across the 14 areas: 113 admitted · 63 under legal review · 23 prohibited · 170 not in the register
财政状况与公共债务
债务路径扇形图、总融资需求、偿债和财政压力，并公布所用假设。
- 政府收入
- 10.7% 2024
- 政府支出
- 17.1% 2021
7 admitted · 13 under legal review · 8 not in the register
金融体系
银行体系的资本和流动性、信贷增长、资产价格以及依赖网络上的传染。
- Domestic credit from the financial sector
- 74.3% 2025
- 不良贷款
- 2.4% 2025
- 银行资本与资产比率
- 12.9% 2025
9 admitted · 4 under legal review · 1 prohibited · 8 not in the register
贸易、经济结构与供应链
贸易开放度和集中度、大宗商品依赖以及按部门划分的供应链风险暴露。
- 贸易
- 83.7% 2024
- 出口
- 44.4% 2024
- 燃料出口
- 0.9% 2025
8 admitted · 6 under legal review · 5 not in the register
水
水资源压力、干旱、获取和水质，在水、能源、粮食、健康和生物多样性的关联中与粮食、能源和健康相耦合。
- 水资源压力
- 0.9% 2022
- 人均国内可再生淡水资源
- 31,040 m³ 2022
3 admitted · 2 under legal review · 2 prohibited · 4 not in the register
能源
供应安全、进口依赖、电网可靠性、转型风险暴露和能源获取。
- 电力普及率
- 96% 2024
- 可再生能源
- 28% 2021
- 能源净进口
- 203.7% 2024
7 admitted · 5 under legal review · 1 prohibited · 18 not in the register
粮食系统
供应、获取、价格和营养，以及来自水、能源、贸易和冲突的驱动因素。
- 食物不足
- 4.7% 2024
- 谷物单产
- 4,226 2024
- Stunting, under 5
- 15.9% 2019
14 admitted · 4 under legal review · 2 not in the register
卫生安全
卫生系统能力、疫情防范、疾病负担以及其他系统对健康的影响。
- 预期寿命
- 79.8 years 2024
- Under-5 mortality
- 15.3 2024
- 卫生支出
- 8.3% 2023
4 admitted · 2 under legal review · 15 prohibited · 8 not in the register
环境与生物多样性
生态系统状况、生物多样性压力、陆地和海洋变化以及经济对自然的依赖。
- 森林面积
- 62.3% 2024
- 保护区
- 27.2% 2025
- PM2.5 air pollution
- 15.1 µg/m³ 2023
9 admitted · 5 under legal review · 1 prohibited · 22 not in the register
气候：物理风险与转型风险
各情景下的慢性和急性物理风险，以及经济和公共资产负债表的转型风险暴露。
- 人均二氧化碳排放量
- 2.7 t CO₂e 2024
- 温室气体排放量
- 19.2 Mt CO₂e 2024
- People below 5 m elevation
- 6% 2015
10 admitted · 7 under legal review · 24 not in the register
冲突、治理与安全
暴力及其外溢效应、制度质量、法治和国家能力。
- 故意杀人
- 11.7 2023
9 admitted · 4 under legal review · 1 prohibited · 14 not in the register
前沿技术与创新
前沿技术的风险与能力并列呈现：人工智能、算力、半导体、量子、航天、生物技术、网络韧性和数字基础设施，下方附创新指数。
- 研发支出
- 0.2% 2024
- Researchers in R&D
- 250 2024
- 高技术出口
- 1.8% 2024
9 admitted · 5 under legal review · 1 prohibited · 26 not in the register
应对能力与灾害融资
备灾、响应和恢复能力，风险融资和社会保护。
- 社会保护覆盖率
- 23.4% 2023
9 admitted · 1 under legal review · 1 prohibited · 18 not in the register
社会、人口与流动
人类发展、不平等、老龄化、城市化和流离失所。
- 人口
- 4.6 million 2025
- 城市人口
- 66.2% 2025
- Poverty at $3.00 a day
- 3.1% 2024
11 admitted · 1 under legal review · 12 not in the register
创新指数
Research, patents, talent, compute, digital infrastructure and capital for Panama, read beside frontier technology risk. Not in 指标标准 ；每个指标都需要其来源获准使用。
04引用
Panama composite risk
Value, change since the previous edition, 90% interval and class probability; the history and the published indicators follow.
NXS-GRX-PAN · CRI · Central America · 0–10 scale
Panama composite risk
–
数值随版本发布；区间、类别和变化将显示在这里。
- 上一版
- –
- Range since 2016
- –
- 耦合综合
- –
- 耦合得分 S
- –
- 脉搏，最近一周
- –
- Outlook, 12 months
- –
- 方法
- Indicator Standard 1.0 · NXS-GRX 2026
- 抽样次数
- 1,000
Panama composite risk, by edition
尚无已发布的数值。第一版发布后将在这里绘制历史，并附区间带和类别边界。
“Panama: published indicators” is not connected: the Foundry connection it needs is switched off on this network.
05概况
四大支柱、综合指数与耦合综合指数
The composite is shown only with its four pillars and twenty domain indices beside it; each value carries a 90% interval and a class with its probability.
| 工具 | 数值 | 变化 | 变化 % | 90% 区间 | 类别 · 概率 | 趋势 | 范围 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NXS-GRX 综合风险NXS-GRX-PAN · CRI | – | – | – | – | – | ||
NXS-GRX 耦合风险NXS-GRX-PAN · CPL | – | – | – | – | – | ||
危害与威胁暴露NXS-GRX-PAN · HTE | – | – | – | – | – | ||
人类与系统脆弱性NXS-GRX-PAN · VUL | – | – | – | – | – | ||
宏观金融与结构脆弱性NXS-GRX-PAN · MSF | – | – | – | – | – | ||
缺乏应对与适应能力NXS-GRX-PAN · LCC | – | – | – | – | – |
很低0.0 至 < 2.0
低2.0 至 < 3.5
中3.5 至 < 5.0
高5.0 至 < 6.5
很高6.5 至 10.0
06Nexus
水、能源、粮食、健康与生物多样性
The national dense nexus core of Panama: shared stressors, cross-system dependencies and the couplings that turn one failure into several.
07耦合
How Panama is coupled to the world
尚未估算。 通过贸易与投入、金融与债务、能源、粮食贸易、基础设施和信息形成的耦合强度，每版都按“◆估算”标注，并附其方法和参考文献；耦合综合指数与独立综合指数并列报告。
08工具
脉搏、展望、路径、尾部与感知
Pulse signals and outlook probabilities are information for review, never warnings; official warnings for Panama come only from its mandated authorities.
Status
The methodology, structure and definitions of The Global Risks Index are a preparatory working draft (2026), circulated for review and comment and not for implementation. No value appears until an edition is released from a governed evidence cut; values then carry intervals, classes, sources and their correction pathway. Simulators run the published methods on numbers you choose and never show a NXS-GRX value.
A country profile reads public evidence about a place. It is not a statement by or about the policy of any government, takes no position on the status of any territory, and does not imply a national programme or participation. Names follow UN M49.
What NXS-GRX is not
NXS-GRX is research and risk-analytics information. It is not a credit or ESG rating and uses no rating scale, not a benchmark for financial instruments, not official statistics, not an emergency warning or official classification, and not advice. It must not be used to evaluate natural persons. Risk classes are bands on a published scale, never rankings of countries or people.
Pulse signals and outlook probabilities are information for review by competent authorities, never public warnings; official warnings come only from mandated authorities.
Institutions and sources
The Nexus Consortium is stewarded by three independent not-for-profit institutions: The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), through GCRI US in Washington, DC and GCRI Canada in Ontario, with GCRI Canada as Lead Institution, Consortium Secretariat and lead contracting organisation; The Global Risks Forum (GRF); and The Global Risks Alliance (GRA). Technology, infrastructure and service providers work with the Consortium at arm’s length under written agreements, like every other external party in the public-private-planet model, and hold no role in its stewardship.
Every value carries the attribution of its sources, which keep their own licences. External names are cited for interoperability only. Nexus-authored text is intended for CC BY 4.0 on release.
Avis en français
La méthodologie et les définitions du NXS-GRX sont un projet de travail préparatoire (2026). Le NXS-GRX est une information de recherche et d’analyse des risques : ni notation, ni indice de référence financier, ni statistique officielle, ni alerte, ni conseil. Les classes de risque sont des bandes sur une échelle publiée, non des classements.
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