Skip to content

The Global Risks Index

The Global Risks Index · SR-14 · Strategic systems series

Risco catastrófico global e de cauda

Riscos de baixa probabilidade e alto impacto e riscos catastróficos globais: clima espacial severo, supererupções, pandemias provocadas e naturais, modos de falha nucleares e de tecnologias de fronteira, colapsos compostos.

Page GRX-SER-SR-14Edition Baseline Edition 2026Evidence close 2026-09-30Subject NXS-GRX (canonical data, provenance and risk) proposedNexus Reports SR-14 (planned)Values not yet publishedMethod v1.0.0-draft
FIG 1 · Series at a glance
Índices de domínio

1

Exposição ao clima espacial

Indicadores

156

5 index domains

Hazard families

56

Space and near-Earth · Solid Earth · Health and biosecurity.

Métodos

100

Catastrophe risk · Networks, dependency and systemic risk.

Counts from the indicator, hazard and model registries.
1
índices de domínio
156
indicators in scope
6
domínios de ameaça
4
client groups

01Escopo

Scope and questions

The subject of this index is proposed by NXS-GRX (canonical data, provenance and risk); the Nexus Reports edition with the same code sets its own subject at commissioning, and any difference is recorded as a crosswalk.

  1. Which tail risks deserve standing monitoring?
  2. How do tail events couple into systemic collapse?
  3. Which countries carry the largest share of tail exposure?
02Construction

Domain indices to the series index

The series index is the expert-weighted geometric mean of its domain indices, with the intervals and class rule of the methodology.

computation

How the Global catastrophic and tail risk index is built

Graph5 nodes
Grafo
01Índices de domínio
02Series index
03Readings

100%
Índice
  1. Exposição ao clima espacial

    Domain index · IDX · SPC
    0–10 index of space-weather exposure as the product of the space-weather hazard and space-service dependence sub-indices; mostly modelled and expert inputs, so its grade is capped.
  2. Global catastrophic and tail risk index

    Series index · SERIES · SR-14
    Riscos de baixa probabilidade e alto impacto e riscos catastróficos globais: clima espacial severo, supererupções, pandemias provocadas e naturais, modos de falha nucleares e de tecnologias de fronteira, colapsos compostos.
  3. Country readings

    Output · OUTPUT · 195 profiles
    Published with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
  4. Regional readings

    Output · OUTPUT · 5 regions
    Published with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
  5. Global reading

    Output · OUTPUT · population or exposure weighted
    Published with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
Não executadoEm cursoConcluído
FIG 2. Select a domain index to open its full construction; Simulate run plays the computation. Schematic of the construction; source: Indicator Standard composite definitions.
03Índices

Domain indices in this series

The Global Risks Index · SR-14 · 195 profiles · 0–10 scale
Global catastrophic and tail risk index, world
–
Os valores são publicados com a edição; o intervalo, a classe e a variação aparecem aqui.
Índice Valor Variação Variação % Intervalo de 90% Classe · probabilidade Tendência Faixa
Exposição ao clima espacialNXS-GRX · SPC – – – – –

Domains read: Space environment, Hazard and exposure, Health, Technology and frontier, Conflict and security.

04Indicadores

156 indicators in scope

Every indicator whose primary or secondary domain is in scope, with unit, levels and crosswalks to source code lists.

FIG 3 · Indicators in scope, by domain and sub-domain
HAZ · 53HLT · 31CON · 19TEC · 8SPC · 6
Area is the number of indicator definitions; colour is the pillar the domain feeds (Macroeconomy and Space feed through their indices). Select a block to filter the table. Source: Indicator Standard Nexus Indicator Standard register.
Indicador Domínio Sub-domain Componente Unidade Níveis Crosswalks
Custo fiscal anual esperado dos desastres, em % do PIBIND.FIS.contingent.disaster_fiscal_cost.gdp FIS Contingent liabilities vulnerability % COUNTRY
Lacuna de proteção contra catástrofes naturaisIND.FIN.nbfi.nat_cat_protection_gap FIN Non-bank financial intermediation vulnerability % REGION, COUNTRY
Empréstimos bancários expostos a alto risco climático físicoIND.FIN.climate_finance.physical_risk_lending FIN Climate-related financial exposure exposure % COUNTRY
Dependência líquida de importações de minerais críticosIND.ECO.concentration.critical_minerals_import_reliance ECO Export and import concentration vulnerability % COUNTRY
Comércio marítimo exposto a pontos de estrangulamento marítimosIND.ECO.supply_chain.chokepoint_exposure ECO Supply-chain exposure exposure % COUNTRY
Variação dos dias muito quentes (35 °C ou mais)IND.CLI.physical_acute.hot_days_change CLI Acute climate extremes hazard d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID
Assets vulnerable to climate-related physical risks, shareIND.CLI.physical_acute.physical_risk_vulnerable_assets.share CLI Acute climate extremes exposure % SITE, PORTFOLIO IFRS_S2 29(c)
Elevação relativa projetada do nível do marIND.CLI.projection.projected_sea_level_rise CLI Scenario projections hazard m COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE
População abaixo do nível futuro de inundação costeira de 100 anos, em %IND.CLI.projection.slr_coastal_population_exposed.share CLI Scenario projections exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY WB_WDI EN.POP.EL5M.ZS
População exposta a duas ou mais ameaças principais, em %IND.HAZ.multi.multi_hazard_exposure.share HAZ Multi-hazard exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID INFORM HA.NAT
Perda média anual multiameaça, em % do PIBIND.HAZ.multi.aal.gdp HAZ Multi-hazard impact % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, PORTFOLIO
Perda média anual multiameaça, em % do estoque de capital produzidoIND.HAZ.multi.aal.capital_stock HAZ Multi-hazard impact % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, PORTFOLIO
Perda máxima provável com período de retorno de 250 anos, em % do PIBIND.HAZ.multi.pml_rp250.gdp HAZ Multi-hazard impact % COUNTRY, ADM1, PORTFOLIO
Aceleração máxima do solo com período de retorno de 475 anosIND.HAZ.seismic.pga_rp475 HAZ Seismic and volcanic hazard [g] COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 GH0101 INFORM HA.NAT.EQ
Pessoas expostas a tremores de terra fortes, média anualIND.HAZ.seismic.eq_population_exposed HAZ Seismic and volcanic exposure {persons} COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID INFORM EX_EQ_MMI8
Pessoas expostas a tremores de terra fortes, em % da populaçãoIND.HAZ.seismic.eq_population_exposed.share HAZ Seismic and volcanic exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY
Perda média anual por terremotos, em % do PIBIND.HAZ.seismic.eq_aal.gdp HAZ Seismic and volcanic impact % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, PORTFOLIO
População a menos de 30 km de um vulcão do HolocenoIND.HAZ.seismic.volcano_population_30km HAZ Seismic and volcanic exposure {persons} COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY UNDRR_HIPS_2025 GH0203
Probabilidade de queda danosa de cinzas vulcânicas em 100 anosIND.HAZ.seismic.ash_fall_probability HAZ Seismic and volcanic hazard 1 COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 GH0202 EMDAT nat-geo-vol-ash
Nível extremo do mar em águas paradas com período de retorno de 100 anosIND.HAZ.coastal.extreme_sea_level_rp100 HAZ Coastal and sea level hazard m COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0703 EMDAT nat-met-sto-sur
População na planície de inundação costeira de 100 anos, em %IND.HAZ.coastal.coastal_flood_population_exposed.share HAZ Coastal and sea level exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY INFORM EX_CFL UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0601
População abaixo de 5 m de altitude, em %IND.HAZ.coastal.low_elevation_population.share HAZ Coastal and sea level exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY WB_WDI EN.POP.EL5M.ZS
Altura máxima de inundação por tsunami com período de retorno de 500 anosIND.HAZ.coastal.tsunami_inundation_rp500 HAZ Coastal and sea level hazard m COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0705 INFORM HA.NAT.TS
População exposta a tsunamis, em %IND.HAZ.coastal.tsunami_population_exposed.share HAZ Coastal and sea level exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY INFORM EX_TS EMDAT nat-geo-ear-tsu
Fluvial flood depth at 100-year return periodIND.HAZ.flood.river_flood_depth_rp100 HAZ Flood hazard m ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0604 EMDAT nat-hyd-flo-riv
Pluvial and flash flood depth at 100-year return periodIND.HAZ.flood.pluvial_flood_depth_rp100 HAZ Flood hazard m ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0603 UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0606 EMDAT nat-hyd-flo-fla
Pessoas expostas a inundações fluviais, média anualIND.HAZ.flood.flood_population_exposed HAZ Flood exposure {persons} COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY INFORM EX_FL INFORM HA.NAT.FL
Pessoas expostas a inundações fluviais, em % da populaçãoIND.HAZ.flood.flood_population_exposed.share HAZ Flood exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY
Padrão de projeto de proteção contra inundaçõesIND.HAZ.flood.flood_protection_standard HAZ Flood coping capacity a COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE
Perda média anual por inundações fluviais, em % do PIBIND.HAZ.flood.flood_aal.gdp HAZ Flood impact % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, PORTFOLIO
Velocidade do vento de ciclones tropicais com período de retorno de 100 anosIND.HAZ.storm.tc_wind_rp100 HAZ Tropical and severe storms hazard m/s COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0309 INFORM HA.NAT.TC
Probabilidade anual de ventos ciclônicos de categoria 1 ou superiorIND.HAZ.storm.tc_cat1_probability HAZ Tropical and severe storms hazard 1 COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE
Pessoas expostas a ventos ciclônicos de categoria 1, média anualIND.HAZ.storm.tc_population_exposed HAZ Tropical and severe storms exposure {persons} COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY INFORM EX_TC_SS1
Pessoas expostas a ventos ciclônicos de categoria 1, em % da populaçãoIND.HAZ.storm.tc_population_exposed.share HAZ Tropical and severe storms exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY
Perda média anual por ciclones tropicais, em % do PIBIND.HAZ.storm.tc_aal.gdp HAZ Tropical and severe storms impact % COUNTRY, ADM1, PORTFOLIO
Dias com granizo grande por anoIND.HAZ.storm.large_hail_days HAZ Tropical and severe storms hazard d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0404 EMDAT nat-met-sto-hai
Dias com condições para tempestades severasIND.HAZ.storm.severe_convective_days HAZ Tropical and severe storms hazard d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0103 EMDAT nat-met-sto-sev
Frequência de secas meteorológicas severasIND.HAZ.drought.spei_drought_frequency HAZ Seca hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0401 INFORM HA.NAT.DR
Frequência de estresse por seca agrícolaIND.HAZ.drought.agricultural_stress_frequency HAZ Seca hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID INFORM ASI
Pessoas afetadas pela seca, média anual em %IND.HAZ.drought.drought_affected.share HAZ Seca impact % COUNTRY INFORM AFF_DR EMDAT nat-cli-dro-dro
Dias de calor úmido perigoso por anoIND.HAZ.heat.dangerous_heat_days HAZ Extreme heat hazard d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0501
Eventos de exposição a ondas de calor por pessoaIND.HAZ.heat.heatwave_person_days HAZ Extreme heat exposure d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY
População exposta a calor extremo, em %IND.HAZ.heat.heat_population_exposed.share HAZ Extreme heat exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY
Dias de condições meteorológicas extremas de incêndio por anoIND.HAZ.wildfire.extreme_fire_weather_days HAZ Incêndio florestal hazard d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Área queimada anual, em % da área terrestreIND.HAZ.wildfire.burned_area.share HAZ Incêndio florestal hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID UNDRR_HIPS_2025 EN0205 EMDAT nat-cli-wil-wil
População na interface urbano-florestal, em %IND.HAZ.wildfire.wui_population.share HAZ Incêndio florestal exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY
População em zonas de alta suscetibilidade a deslizamentos, em %IND.HAZ.landslide.landslide_susceptible_population.share HAZ Landslide exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID UNDRR_HIPS_2025 GH0300
Mortes em deslizamentos de terra por 100.000, média anualIND.HAZ.landslide.fatal_landslide_rate HAZ Landslide impact /10*5 COUNTRY, ADM1 EMDAT nat-hyd-mmw-lan
População próxima de instalações industriais com ameaça de acidente grave, em %IND.HAZ.technological.major_hazard_site_population.share HAZ Tecnológico exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY UNDRR_HIPS_2025 TL0304 UNDRR_HIPS_2025 TL0309
População a menos de 30 km de um reator nuclear em operaçãoIND.HAZ.technological.nuclear_population_30km HAZ Tecnológico exposure {persons} COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY UNDRR_HIPS_2025 TL0208
Mortes em acidentes industriais por 100.000, média anualIND.HAZ.technological.industrial_accident_deaths HAZ Tecnológico impact /10*5 COUNTRY EMDAT tec-ind-ind-ind
Área de superfície construídaIND.HAZ.exposure.built_up_area HAZ Exposição context km2 COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Estoque de capital produzidoIND.HAZ.exposure.capital_stock HAZ Exposição context [USD] COUNTRY, ADM1, PORTFOLIO
Área construída em zonas de alta ameaçaIND.HAZ.exposure.built_up_exposed HAZ Exposição exposure km2 COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Área construída em zonas de alta ameaça, em %IND.HAZ.exposure.built_up_exposed.share HAZ Exposição exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY
PIB gerado em zonas de alta ameaça, em %IND.HAZ.exposure.gdp_exposed.share HAZ Exposição exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY
Mortos e desaparecidos em desastres por 100.000IND.HAZ.loss.deaths_missing_rate HAZ Losses and impacts impact /10*5 COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI A-1 SDG 1.5.1
Pessoas diretamente afetadas por desastres por 100.000IND.HAZ.loss.directly_affected_rate HAZ Losses and impacts impact /10*5 COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI B-1 SDG 1.5.1
Perda econômica direta por desastres, em % do PIBIND.HAZ.loss.direct_economic_loss.gdp HAZ Losses and impacts impact % COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI C-1 SDG 1.5.2
Mortes registradas em desastres por 100.000, média de 30 anosIND.HAZ.loss.recorded_disaster_deaths HAZ Losses and impacts impact /10*5 COUNTRY, ADM1 EMDAT Total Deaths
Pessoas afetadas por desastres registradas por 100.000, média de 30 anosIND.HAZ.loss.recorded_disaster_affected HAZ Losses and impacts impact /10*5 COUNTRY, ADM1 EMDAT Total Affected
Danos registrados por desastres, em % do PIB, média de 30 anosIND.HAZ.loss.recorded_disaster_damage.gdp HAZ Losses and impacts impact % COUNTRY EMDAT Total Damage, Adjusted ('000 US$)
Exposição a PM2.5, média ponderada pela populaçãoIND.ENV.air.pm25_exposure ENV Qualidade do ar hazard ug/m3 COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID WB_WDI EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3 SDG 11.6.2 EPI PMD
População exposta acima da diretriz da OMS para PM2.5, em %IND.ENV.air.pm25_guideline_exceedance.share ENV Qualidade do ar exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY WB_WDI EN.ATM.PM25.MC.ZS
Exposição ao pico sazonal de ozônioIND.ENV.air.ozone_exposure ENV Qualidade do ar hazard [ppb] COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID
População que usa água potável gerida com segurançaIND.WAT.access.safely_managed_drinking_water.share WAT Drinking water and sanitation vulnerability % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY SDG 6.1.1 WB_WDI SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS EPI UWD
População que usa pelo menos água potável básicaIND.WAT.access.basic_drinking_water.share WAT Drinking water and sanitation vulnerability % COUNTRY, ADM1 WB_WDI SH.H2O.BASW.ZS
População que usa saneamento gerido com segurançaIND.WAT.access.safely_managed_sanitation.share WAT Drinking water and sanitation vulnerability % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY WB_WDI SH.STA.SMSS.ZS SDG 6.2.1 EPI USD
População com instalações básicas para lavar as mãosIND.WAT.access.basic_handwashing.share WAT Drinking water and sanitation vulnerability % COUNTRY, ADM1 WB_WDI SH.STA.HYGN.ZS SDG 6.2.1
Índice de dependência de águas renováveis externasIND.WAT.dependence.external_water_dependency WAT Transboundary dependence exposure % COUNTRY
Severe geomagnetic storm days per yearIND.SPC.weather.severe_geomagnetic_storm_days SPC Clima espacial hazard d/a GLOBAL UNDRR_HIPS_2025 ET0101 EMDAT nat-ext-spa-geo
Amplitude do campo geoelétrico com período de retorno de 100 anosIND.SPC.weather.geoelectric_field_rp100 SPC Clima espacial hazard V/km COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Strong solar radiation storm days per yearIND.SPC.weather.radiation_storm_days SPC Clima espacial hazard d/a GLOBAL UNDRR_HIPS_2025 ET0104 EMDAT nat-ext-spa-ene
PIB em atividades dependentes de GNSS, em %IND.SPC.dependence.gnss_dependent_gdp.share SPC Space-service dependence exposure % COUNTRY, PORTFOLIO UNDRR_HIPS_2025 ET0102
Serviços críticos que dependem de satélites sem redundância, em %IND.SPC.dependence.satellite_service_exposure.share SPC Space-service dependence vulnerability % COUNTRY
Rede de alta tensão em zonas de alta ameaça geoelétrica, em %IND.SPC.dependence.grid_gic_exposure.share SPC Space-service dependence exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1
Taxa de mortalidade de menores de cinco anosIND.HLT.burden.under5_mortality HLT Disease burden and mortality vulnerability /10*3 COUNTRY WB_WDI SH.DYN.MORT SDG 3.2.1 WHO_GHO MDG_0000000007
Taxa de mortalidade neonatalIND.HLT.burden.neonatal_mortality HLT Disease burden and mortality vulnerability /10*3 COUNTRY WB_WDI SH.DYN.NMRT SDG 3.2.2
Razão de mortalidade maternaIND.HLT.burden.maternal_mortality HLT Disease burden and mortality vulnerability /10*5 COUNTRY WB_WDI SH.STA.MMRT SDG 3.1.1 WHO_GHO MDG_0000000026
Expectativa de vida ao nascerIND.HLT.burden.life_expectancy HLT Disease burden and mortality vulnerability a COUNTRY WB_WDI SP.DYN.LE00.IN WHO_GHO WHOSIS_000001
Mortalidade prematura por grandes doenças não transmissíveisIND.HLT.burden.ncd_premature_mortality HLT Disease burden and mortality vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI SH.DYN.NCOM.ZS SDG 3.4.1 WHO_GHO NCDMORT3070
Incidência de tuberculoseIND.HLT.burden.tb_incidence HLT Disease burden and mortality hazard /10*5 COUNTRY WB_WDI SH.TBS.INCD SDG 3.3.2 WHO_GHO MDG_0000000020
Incidência de maláriaIND.HLT.burden.malaria_incidence HLT Disease burden and mortality hazard /10*3 COUNTRY WB_WDI SH.MLR.INCD.P3 SDG 3.3.3 WHO_GHO SDGMALARIA
Incidência de HIVIND.HLT.burden.hiv_incidence HLT Disease burden and mortality hazard /10*3 COUNTRY WB_WDI SH.HIV.INCD.TL.P3 SDG 3.3.1 WHO_GHO SDGHIV WB_WDI SH.HIV.INCD.ZS
Médicos por 1.000 habitantesIND.HLT.system.physician_density HLT Health system capacity coping capacity /10*3 COUNTRY WB_WDI SH.MED.PHYS.ZS WHO_GHO HWF_0001 SDG 3.c.1
Enfermeiros e parteiras por 1.000 habitantesIND.HLT.system.nurse_midwife_density HLT Health system capacity coping capacity /10*3 COUNTRY WB_WDI SH.MED.NUMW.P3 WHO_GHO HWF_0006 SDG 3.c.1
Leitos hospitalares por 1.000 habitantesIND.HLT.system.hospital_beds HLT Health system capacity coping capacity /10*3 COUNTRY WB_WDI SH.MED.BEDS.ZS WHO_GHO WHS6_102
Índice de cobertura de serviços da cobertura universal de saúde (UHC)IND.HLT.system.uhc_service_coverage HLT Health system capacity coping capacity {score} COUNTRY SDG 3.8.1 WHO_GHO UHC_INDEX_REPORTED WB_WDI SH.UHC.SRVS.CV.XD
População com gastos catastróficos do próprio bolso em saúdeIND.HLT.system.catastrophic_oop HLT Health system capacity vulnerability % COUNTRY SDG 3.8.2 WB_WDI SH.UHC.OOPC.10.ZS
Gastos do próprio bolso, em % da despesa corrente em saúdeIND.HLT.system.oop_share HLT Health system capacity vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI SH.XPD.OOPC.CH.ZS WHO_GHO GHED_OOPSCHE_SHA2011
Despesa corrente em saúde, em % do PIBIND.HLT.system.health_expenditure.gdp HLT Health system capacity coping capacity % COUNTRY WB_WDI SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS
Cobertura vacinal com DTP3IND.HLT.system.dtp3_coverage HLT Health system capacity coping capacity % COUNTRY WHO_GHO WHS4_100 WB_WDI SH.IMM.IDPT SDG 3.b.1
Cobertura vacinal contra o sarampo, segunda doseIND.HLT.system.mcv2_coverage HLT Health system capacity coping capacity % COUNTRY WHO_GHO MCV2 WB_WDI SH.IMM.MEA2 SDG 3.b.1
Partos assistidos por pessoal de saúde qualificadoIND.HLT.system.skilled_birth_attendance HLT Health system capacity coping capacity % COUNTRY WB_WDI SH.STA.BRTC.ZS SDG 3.1.2
Tempo de deslocamento até o estabelecimento de saúde mais próximoIND.HLT.system.health_facility_travel_time HLT Health system capacity vulnerability min COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Pontuação das capacidades básicas do RSI (SPAR)IND.HLT.security.spar_capacity HLT Health security (IHR) coping capacity {score} COUNTRY SDG 3.d.1 WHO_GHO SDGIHR2021 WHO_GHO SDGIHR2018
Capacidade laboratorial do RSI (SPAR C4)IND.HLT.security.spar_laboratory HLT Health security (IHR) coping capacity {score} COUNTRY SPAR C4 WHO_GHO IHRSPAR2_C04 JEE D1
Capacidade de vigilância do RSI (SPAR C5)IND.HLT.security.spar_surveillance HLT Health security (IHR) coping capacity {score} COUNTRY SPAR C5 WHO_GHO IHRSPAR2_C05 JEE D2
Capacidade de gestão de emergências de saúde do RSI (SPAR C7)IND.HLT.security.spar_emergency_management HLT Health security (IHR) coping capacity {score} COUNTRY SPAR C7 WHO_GHO IHRSPAR2_C07 JEE R1
Capacidade de comunicação de risco do RSI (SPAR C10)IND.HLT.security.spar_risk_communication HLT Health security (IHR) coping capacity {score} COUNTRY SPAR C10 WHO_GHO IHRSPAR2_C10 JEE R5
Frequência de eventos epidêmicosIND.HLT.epidemic.outbreak_event_frequency HLT Epidemic and outbreak hazard 1 COUNTRY, ADM1
Casos de cólera notificados, por 100.000 habitantesIND.HLT.epidemic.cholera_cases.p100k HLT Epidemic and outbreak hazard /10*5 COUNTRY WHO_GHO CHOLERA_0000000001
Infecções da corrente sanguínea por MRSAIND.HLT.amr.mrsa_bloodstream HLT Antimicrobial resistance hazard % COUNTRY WHO_GHO AMR_INFECT_MRSA SDG 3.d.2
Infecções da corrente sanguínea por E. coli resistente a cefalosporinas de terceira geraçãoIND.HLT.amr.ecoli_3gc_bloodstream HLT Antimicrobial resistance hazard % COUNTRY WHO_GHO AMR_INFECT_ECOLI SDG 3.d.2
Déficit de altura em crianças menores de cinco anosIND.HLT.nutrition.stunting HLT Nutrition vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI SH.STA.STNT.ME.ZS SDG 2.2.1 WHO_GHO NUTSTUNTINGPREV FAO_FAOSTAT 21025
Emaciação em crianças menores de cinco anosIND.HLT.nutrition.wasting HLT Nutrition vulnerability % COUNTRY, ADM1 WB_WDI SH.STA.WAST.ZS SDG 2.2.2 WHO_GHO NUTRITION_WH_2 FAO_FAOSTAT 21026
Anemia em mulheres em idade reprodutivaIND.HLT.nutrition.anaemia_women HLT Nutrition vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI SH.ANM.ALLW.ZS WHO_GHO NUTRITION_ANAEMIA_REPRODUCTIVEAGE_PREV SDG 2.2.3 FAO_FAOSTAT 21043
Jovens que não trabalham, não estudam nem estão em formaçãoIND.SOC.protection.youth_neet SOC Social protection vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI SL.UEM.NEET.ZS SDG 8.6.1 ILO SDG_0861_SEX_RT
População com 65 anos ou mais, em % do totalIND.DEM.structure.share_65plus DEM Age structure vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS
Refugiados por país de origemIND.DEM.displacement.refugees_origin DEM Forced displacement impact {persons} COUNTRY UNHCR REF WB_WDI SM.POP.REFG.OR
Refugiados por país de origem, por 100.000 habitantesIND.DEM.displacement.refugees_origin.p100k DEM Forced displacement impact /10*5 COUNTRY SDG 10.7.4
Deslocados internos, conflito e violência (estoque)IND.DEM.displacement.idp_conflict DEM Forced displacement impact {persons} COUNTRY, ADM1 IDMC conflict_total_displacement WB_WDI VC.IDP.TOCV UNHCR IDP
Deslocados internos, desastres (estoque)IND.DEM.displacement.idp_disaster DEM Forced displacement impact {persons} COUNTRY, ADM1 IDMC disaster_total_displacement
Deslocados internos, por 100.000 habitantesIND.DEM.displacement.idp_total.p100k DEM Forced displacement impact /10*5 COUNTRY
Novos deslocamentos internos, conflito e violênciaIND.DEM.displacement.new_displacement_conflict DEM Forced displacement impact 1 COUNTRY, ADM1 IDMC conflict_new_displacement WB_WDI VC.IDP.NWCV
Novos deslocamentos internos, desastresIND.DEM.displacement.new_displacement_disaster DEM Forced displacement impact 1 COUNTRY, ADM1 IDMC disaster_new_displacement WB_WDI VC.IDP.NWDS
Novos deslocamentos internos, por 100.000 habitantesIND.DEM.displacement.new_displacement.p100k DEM Forced displacement impact /10*5 COUNTRY
Mortes notificadas por violência política organizadaIND.CON.violence.conflict_fatalities CON Organised violence hazard 1 COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRID ACLED fatalities
Mortes em conflitos por 100.000 habitantesIND.CON.violence.conflict_fatalities.p100k CON Organised violence hazard /10*5 COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2 SDG 16.1.2
Mortes em combate (UCDP)IND.CON.violence.battle_related_deaths CON Organised violence hazard {persons} COUNTRY WB_WDI VC.BTL.DETH
Eventos de violência políticaIND.CON.violence.political_violence_events CON Organised violence hazard 1 COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRID ACLED Political violence
Eventos de conflito armadoIND.CON.violence.armed_conflict_events CON Organised violence hazard 1 COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRID ACLED Battles ACLED Explosions/Remote violence
Difusão geográfica do conflitoIND.CON.violence.conflict_diffusion CON Organised violence exposure % COUNTRY ACLED Diffusion
Fragmentação dos atores armadosIND.CON.violence.armed_group_fragmentation CON Organised violence hazard 1 COUNTRY ACLED Fragmentation
Taxa de homicídios intencionaisIND.CON.violence.homicide_rate CON Organised violence hazard /10*5 COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY WB_WDI VC.IHR.PSRC.P5 SDG 16.1.1
Despesa militar, em % do PIBIND.CON.violence.military_expenditure.gdp CON Organised violence vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS
Efetivo das forças armadas, em % da força de trabalhoIND.CON.violence.armed_forces_share CON Organised violence vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI MS.MIL.TOTL.TF.ZS
Eventos dirigidos contra civisIND.CON.civilian.civilian_targeting_events CON Civilian harm hazard 1 COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRID ACLED civilian_targeting ACLED Violence against civilians
Mortes de civis por violência dirigida, por 100.000 habitantesIND.CON.civilian.civilian_fatalities.p100k CON Civilian harm impact /10*5 COUNTRY, ADM1 ACLED Danger
Ataques contra a assistência à saúdeIND.CON.civilian.attacks_on_health_care CON Civilian harm impact 1 COUNTRY
Vítimas de minas terrestres e restos explosivos de guerraIND.CON.civilian.explosive_ordnance_casualties CON Civilian harm impact {persons} COUNTRY
Tumultos e manifestações violentasIND.CON.peace.riot_events CON Peacefulness hazard 1 COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY ACLED Riots
Pontuação geral do Global Peace Index (IEP)IND.CON.peace.gpi_score CON Peacefulness vulnerability {score} COUNTRY GPI Overall Score
Pontuação do domínio de conflito em curso do Global Peace Index (IEP)IND.CON.peace.gpi_ongoing_conflict CON Peacefulness hazard {score} COUNTRY GPI Ongoing Domestic and International Conflict
Classificação States of Fragility da OCDEIND.CON.fragility.oecd_fragility_class CON Fragility vulnerability {class} COUNTRY OECD_FRAGILITY Fragile contexts
Situação de fragilidade e conflito segundo o Banco MundialIND.CON.fragility.wb_fcs_status CON Fragility vulnerability {bool} COUNTRY
Estabilidade política e ausência de violência (WGI)IND.GOV.quality.political_stability GOV Governance quality coping capacity {score} COUNTRY WB_WGI GOV_WGI_PV.SC WB_WGI GOV_WGI_PV.EST
População que depende principalmente de combustíveis e tecnologias limpos para cozinharIND.ENE.access.clean_cooking ENE Acesso vulnerability % COUNTRY, ADM1 SDG 7.1.2 WB_WDI EG.CFT.ACCS.ZS
Concentração de fornecedores de importações de minerais críticosIND.ENE.minerals.critical_mineral_import_concentration ENE Critical minerals vulnerability 1 COUNTRY
Rede rodoviária e ferroviária em zonas de alta ameaça, em %IND.INF.transport.network_exposed.share INF Transport exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Instalações críticas com energia de reserva por 72 horasIND.INF.utilities.critical_facility_backup_power INF Utilities coping capacity % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY ISO_37123 ISO 37123:2019
Ativos de abastecimento de água em zonas de alta ameaça, em %IND.INF.utilities.water_assets_exposed.share INF Utilities exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Ativos de geração e de rede elétrica em zonas de alta ameaça, em %IND.INF.utilities.power_assets_exposed.share INF Utilities exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Instalações vitais em zonas de alta ameaça, em %IND.INF.utilities.lifeline_facilities_exposed.share INF Utilities exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Unidades de infraestrutura crítica danificadas ou destruídas por desastresIND.INF.disruption.critical_infrastructure_damage INF Service disruption impact 1 COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI D-1 SDG 11.5.2
Estabelecimentos de saúde danificados ou destruídos por desastresIND.INF.disruption.health_facilities_damaged INF Service disruption impact 1 COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI D-2
Perda econômica direta na infraestrutura crítica, em % do PIBIND.INF.disruption.critical_infrastructure_loss.gdp INF Service disruption impact % COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI C-5
Despesa interna bruta em P&D, em % do PIBIND.TEC.capability.rd_expenditure.gdp TEC Technology capability adaptive capacity % COUNTRY SDG 9.5.1 WB_WDI GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Pesquisadores por milhão de habitantesIND.TEC.capability.researchers_per_million TEC Technology capability adaptive capacity /10*6 COUNTRY SDG 9.5.2 WB_WDI SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
Exportações de alta tecnologia, em % das exportações de manufaturadosIND.TEC.capability.high_tech_exports TEC Technology capability adaptive capacity % COUNTRY WB_WDI TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS SDG 9.b.1
Concentração de fornecedores de importações de semicondutoresIND.TEC.concentration.semiconductor_import_concentration TEC Concentration and dependence vulnerability 1 COUNTRY
Concentração de provedores de infraestrutura em nuvemIND.TEC.concentration.cloud_provider_concentration TEC Concentration and dependence vulnerability 1 COUNTRY
Capacidade de computação de IA sob controle estrangeiro ou de um único provedorIND.TEC.ai.ai_compute_foreign_control TEC Inteligência artificial vulnerability % COUNTRY
Concentração de provedores de modelos de fundaçãoIND.TEC.ai.foundation_model_concentration TEC Inteligência artificial vulnerability % COUNTRY
Supervisão de biossegurança e bioproteção de laboratórios de alta contençãoIND.TEC.bio.biosecurity_lab_oversight TEC Biotecnologia coping capacity {score} COUNTRY
População a menos de 15 minutos dos serviços de emergênciaIND.CRS.response.emergency_service_access CRS Response capacity coping capacity % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY ISO_37120 ISO 37120:2018
05Ameaças

Hazard families this series reads

families, each crosswalked to the UNDRR–ISC Hazard Information Profiles (2025) where a profile exists.

FIG 4 · Hazard families this series reads
SolidPlanetarySaúdeFronteiraSistêmico402HAZARDS
6 hazard domains (inner ring) and 56 families (outer ring), sized by hazard count. Select a segment to filter the table below. Source: Hazard Standard Nexus Hazard Standard.
Família Domínio Ameaças Count
Solar-terrestrial storms Espaço e ambiente próximo da Terra Geomagnetic storm, Solar flare radio blackout, Solar radiation storm, Ionospheric disturbance, Geomagnetically induced current, Satellite space-environment anomaly, Thermospheric drag surge, Radiation-belt electron enhancement … 9
Impacts and orbital hazards Espaço e ambiente próximo da Terra Near-Earth object approach, Meteorite impact, Airburst, Space debris, Orbital collision cascade, Uncontrolled re-entry, Spaceflight accident, Meteoroid stream encounter 8
Fault shaking and rupture Terra sólida Earthquake, Induced earthquake, Aftershock sequence, Fault surface rupture, Soil liquefaction, Ground fissure, Earthquake swarm 7
Eruption products and unrest Terra sólida Volcanic unrest, Lava flow, Volcanic ash fall, Volcanic ash cloud, Volcanic ballistic projectiles, Pyroclastic flow, Lahar, Volcanic gas and aerosol emission … 12
Slope failure and mass movement Terra sólida Rockfall, Topple, Slope slide, Lateral spread, Debris flow, Earthflow and mudflow, Rock avalanche, Submarine landslide … 9
Ground deformation and subsidence Terra sólida Land subsidence, Crustal uplift, Sinkhole, Shrink-swell soil movement, Soft-soil settlement, Ground gas seepage, Mining-induced subsidence 7
Erosion and sediment movement Terra sólida Soil erosion, River bank erosion, Coastal erosion, Dune encroachment, Reservoir and channel siltation, River avulsion, Delta sediment starvation 7
Seabed and deep-sea hazards Terra sólida Turbidity current, Submarine volcanic eruption, Seabed gas escape, Pumice raft, Deep-sea mining disturbance 5
Airborne and respiratory infection Saúde e biossegurança Respiratory pandemic, Seasonal influenza epidemic, Zoonotic influenza spillover, Coronavirus outbreak, Tuberculosis surge, Bacterial meningitis outbreak 6
Vaccine-preventable outbreaks Saúde e biossegurança Measles outbreak, Polio outbreak, Diphtheria and whooping cough outbreak, Other vaccine-preventable outbreak 4
Faecal-oral and foodborne infection Saúde e biossegurança Cholera outbreak, Typhoid and paratyphoid fever, Shigellosis and dysentery outbreak, Viral diarrhoea outbreak, Faecal-oral hepatitis outbreak, Foodborne illness outbreak, Waterborne disease outbreak 7
Vector-borne infection Saúde e biossegurança Dengue epidemic, Chikungunya and Zika outbreak, Yellow fever outbreak, West Nile and Culex-borne virus outbreak, Malaria resurgence, Plague outbreak, Trypanosomiasis outbreak, Tick-borne disease surge … 10
Haemorrhagic fever Saúde e biossegurança Ebola and Marburg outbreak, Lassa fever outbreak, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever outbreak 3
Blood-borne and sexually transmitted infection Saúde e biossegurança HIV epidemic, Chronic viral hepatitis B and C burden, Sexually transmitted infection resurgence 3
Animal-to-human spillover Saúde e biossegurança Zoonotic spillover event, Anthrax outbreak, Brucellosis outbreak, Rabies outbreak, Leptospirosis outbreak, Mpox outbreak, Rift Valley fever outbreak, Nipah and henipavirus outbreak 8
Rare and persistent human infections Saúde e biossegurança Prion disease cluster, Smallpox reintroduction 2
Livestock and aquaculture epizootics Saúde e biossegurança Swine fever epizootic, Foot-and-mouth epizootic, Ruminant respiratory epizootic, Vector-borne livestock disease, Poultry epizootic, Screwworm infestation, Aquaculture disease outbreak, Livestock disease outbreak 8
Plant disease and pests Saúde e biossegurança Bacterial and fungal crop disease, Plant virus epidemic, Crop insect pest outbreak, Locust swarm, Invasive species spread 5
Systemic biological risks Saúde e biossegurança Antimicrobial resistance, Deliberate or accidental biological-agent release 2
Environmental and product harm to people Saúde e biossegurança Snakebite envenoming, Substandard and falsified medicines, Adulterated alcohol poisoning, Overdose epidemic 4
Climate-sensitive illness Saúde e biossegurança Heat-related illness surge, Cold-related illness surge, Disease vector range expansion, Aeroallergen season intensification, Warm-water bacterial infection 5
Drug and insecticide resistance by pathogen class Saúde e biossegurança Multidrug-resistant bacterial infection spread, Antiviral drug resistance, Antimalarial and antiparasitic drug resistance, Antifungal drug resistance, Insecticide resistance in disease vectors, Antimicrobial development and supply failure 6
Emerging and unknown infection threats Saúde e biossegurança Unknown future pathogen emergence, Emerging fungal pathogen, Endemic fungal disease range expansion, Healthcare-associated infection outbreak, Undiagnosed illness cluster 5
Maternal, newborn and child health emergencies Saúde e biossegurança Maternal mortality rise, Newborn mortality surge, Preterm and low birthweight birth rise, Childhood immunisation coverage collapse, Infant feeding disruption, Reproductive health service disruption 6
Mental health crises Saúde e biossegurança Population mental distress surge, Post-disaster traumatic stress, Suicide rate rise, Youth mental health crisis, Climate-related psychological distress, Social isolation and loneliness epidemic, Mass psychogenic illness outbreak, Gambling harm surge 8
Noncommunicable disease surges Saúde e biossegurança Cardiovascular disease surge, Diabetes epidemic, Obesity epidemic, Cancer burden rise, Chronic respiratory disease burden, Chronic kidney disease surge, Dementia burden growth, Post-infection chronic illness … 11
Malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency Saúde e biossegurança Acute malnutrition surge, Chronic undernutrition and stunting, Micronutrient deficiency, Nutritional deficiency disease outbreak, Unhealthy diet transition, Crop nutrient decline 6
Occupational disease and injury Saúde e biossegurança Occupational lung disease, Occupational heat strain, Occupational cancer, Occupational chemical poisoning, Workplace injury burden, Work-related psychosocial harm 6
Health system capacity failure Saúde e biossegurança Health workforce shortage, Health worker industrial action, Health financing collapse, Catastrophic out-of-pocket health spending, Vaccine confidence collapse, Essential health service disruption, Disease surveillance failure, Health facility loss of function … 9
AI system failure and misalignment Tecnologias de fronteira e exponenciais AI malfunction in a critical service, Out-of-distribution model failure, Correlated failure of shared AI models, Reliance on fabricated AI output, Specification gaming and reward hacking, Deceptive or strategically misaligned AI, Loss of human control over advanced AI, AI self-replication and exfiltration … 11
AI security and model supply chain Tecnologias de fronteira e exponenciais Theft of frontier model weights, Backdoored AI model, AI model supply-chain compromise, Prompt injection against AI agents, AI-enabled cyber offence, Attack on AI compute infrastructure, Adversarial manipulation of machine learning 7
AI misuse and capability uplift Tecnologias de fronteira e exponenciais AI uplift for biological weapons, AI uplift for chemical weapons, Synthetic media at scale, Non-consensual synthetic intimate imagery, AI-driven mass persuasion, AI-enabled mass surveillance and repression, AI-enabled seizure or entrenchment of power, Malicious use of AI 8
Agentic AI acting at scale Tecnologias de fronteira e exponenciais Runaway autonomous agent action, Multi-agent interaction cascade, Algorithmic market flash crash, Human deskilling and over-reliance on AI, Gradual human disempowerment by AI, Autonomous agent overreach 6
Algorithmic decision and structural harm Tecnologias de fronteira e exponenciais Harmful automated decision-making, Clinical AI error, Rapid AI-driven labour displacement, Concentration of frontier AI capability, Competitive AI race and safety erosion, Degradation of the shared knowledge base, Recommender-system amplification harm, Harm from AI companions and chatbots … 12
Robotics, autonomy and autonomous weapons Tecnologias de fronteira e exponenciais Lethal autonomous weapon use, Drone swarm attack, Weaponised small drone attack, Drone intrusion into protected airspace, AI-accelerated military escalation, AI in nuclear command, control and warning, Industrial and service robot injury, Autonomous vehicle system failure … 10
Biotecnologia e biologia sintética Tecnologias de fronteira e exponenciais Engineered pandemic pathogen, Dual-use research of concern, Benchtop DNA synthesis misuse, Biological design tool misuse, Automated biofoundry accident, Gene drive escape, Engineered organism escape into the environment, Mirror-image organism creation or release … 10
Nanotechnology and advanced materials Tecnologias de fronteira e exponenciais Engineered nanomaterial exposure, High-aspect-ratio nanofibre inhalation, Nanomaterial accumulation in the environment, Uncontrolled self-replicating nanomachines, Molecular manufacturing arms race 5
Neurotechnology, human enhancement and extended reality Tecnologias de fronteira e exponenciais Brain-computer interface failure, Neural device compromise, Neural data exploitation, Cognitive enhancement harm and coercion, Heritable human genome editing harm, Extended-reality physical and psychological harm, Manipulation of augmented perception 7
Quantum technology and cryptographic transition Tecnologias de fronteira e exponenciais Cryptographically relevant quantum computer, Harvest-now, decrypt-later collection, Post-quantum migration failure, Quantum sensing erosion of strategic concealment 4
Tecnologias de intervenção climática Tecnologias de fronteira e exponenciais Solar geoengineering termination shock, Stratospheric aerosol injection side effects, Marine cloud brightening side effects, Unilateral or rogue geoengineering deployment, Ocean fertilisation side effects, Ocean alkalinity enhancement side effects, Large-scale carbon removal land and water competition, Geological carbon storage leakage … 11
Space technology and orbital infrastructure Tecnologias de fronteira e exponenciais Destructive anti-satellite strike, Non-kinetic counterspace attack, Mega-constellation orbital congestion, Constellation-wide service failure, Upper-atmosphere pollution from launches and re-entries, Satellite interference with sky observation, Back-contamination from extraterrestrial samples 7
Digital infrastructure concentration and monoculture Tecnologias de fronteira e exponenciais Critical open-source dependency failure, Advanced semiconductor fabrication concentration, Digital identity and trust service failure 3
Advanced and distributed manufacturing Tecnologias de fronteira e exponenciais 3D-printed and untraceable firearms, Distributed production of weapon components, Additively manufactured critical part failure 3
Energy-transition technology failures Tecnologias de fronteira e exponenciais Lithium battery fire in vehicles and transport, Mass manipulation of connected energy devices, Advanced reactor material security risk, Critical mineral supply concentration 4
Distributed ledgers and digital assets Tecnologias de fronteira e exponenciais Smart-contract and oracle exploit 1
Supply-chain and flow disruption Eventos sistêmicos e compostos Supply-chain disruption, Chokepoint blockage, Port or hub closure, Fuel and energy supply shock, Food supply-chain breakdown, Trade restriction or embargo, Single-source supplier failure, Cold-chain failure … 17
Cascading failure Eventos sistêmicos e compostos Interdependent infrastructure cascade, Blackout-driven service cascade, Water-energy-food cascade, Financial contagion, Health-system overload, Emergency-response overload, Digital dependency cascade, Lifeline restoration deadlock … 10
Compound and multi-hazard events Eventos sistêmicos e compostos Compound flooding, Concurrent heat and drought, Simultaneous multi-region crop failure, Cold-wave energy crunch, Heat-driven grid stress, Natech event, Successive hazards, Disaster during an epidemic … 9
Structural fragility of interconnected systems Eventos sistêmicos e compostos Critical single point of failure, Critical service provider concentration, Common-mode failure, Technology monoculture, Lean inventory fragility, Geographic clustering of critical production, Unmapped critical dependency, Tightly coupled automated systems … 11
Planetary boundary transgressions Limites planetários e pontos de inflexão do sistema Terra Climate-forcing boundary transgression, Global temperature overshoot, Global warming acceleration, Atmospheric methane surge, Extinction-rate boundary transgression, Biosphere functional integrity loss, Land-system change boundary transgression, Blue-water flow disturbance … 14
Ice tipping elements Limites planetários e pontos de inflexão do sistema Terra Greenland ice sheet tipping, West Antarctic ice sheet collapse, East Antarctic subglacial basin retreat, Arctic winter sea-ice collapse, Antarctic sea-ice regime shift, Regional glacier extinction 6
Ocean circulation and marine tipping Limites planetários e pontos de inflexão do sistema Terra Atlantic overturning weakening, Atlantic overturning collapse, Subpolar gyre convection collapse, Antarctic overturning slowdown, Arctic Ocean atlantification, Warm-water coral reef die-off, Marine methane hydrate destabilisation 7
Biome tipping elements Limites planetários e pontos de inflexão do sistema Terra Amazon rainforest dieback, Boreal forest southern dieback, Boreal forest northern advance, Tropical forest carbon-sink reversal, Sahel vegetation regime shift 5
Carbon-cycle feedbacks Limites planetários e pontos de inflexão do sistema Terra Permafrost carbon release, Abrupt permafrost thaw emission, Subsea permafrost greenhouse gas release, Wetland methane feedback, Land carbon sink weakening, Ocean carbon sink weakening, Soil carbon respiration feedback 7
Atmospheric circulation and monsoon tipping Limites planetários e pontos de inflexão do sistema Terra South Asian monsoon regime shift, West African monsoon regime shift, South American monsoon weakening, East Asian monsoon regime shift, Tropical belt widening, Tropical Pacific regime change, Jet-stream regime change, Marine stratocumulus deck breakup … 9
Deep-time and cosmic catastrophes Limites planetários e pontos de inflexão do sistema Terra Supereruption, Large-magnitude explosive eruption, Flood-basalt eruption episode, Impact winter, Comet shower, Solar superflare, Gamma-ray burst, Nearby supernova … 10
06Cauda

The severe end of the distribution

FIG 5 · Explorer: exceedance, return-period loss and the protection gap
Frequency and severity
1.2
20
1.4
One risk-transfer layer
60
240
–
funciona no seu navegador

Explorer: 20,000 simulated years from your frequency and severity settings; the exceedance curve, average annual loss, 1-in-100 and 1-in-250 annual losses, expected shortfall, and how one layer splits loss into retained, transferred and gap. Units are yours; nothing here is a modelled loss for any place.
07Métodos

Method libraries

Each method has a reference implementation or declares the specialist model, data or adapter it still needs; none is promoted beyond its evidence.

23 methods

Risco catastrófico

Stochastic Event Catalogue · Historical Event Catalogue · Event Footprint · Secondary Uncertainty · Loss Amplification · Financial Terms · Event Loss Table …

21 methods

Redes, dependência e risco sistêmico

Dependency Graph · Centrality · Critical Node · Cascading Failure · Contagion · Percolation · Interdependency …

56 methods

Cibernética, IA e tecnologias de fronteira

Cyber Attack Surface · Exploitability · Threat Likelihood · Cyber Asset Criticality · Intrusion Propagation · Ransomware Risk · Identity Compromise …

08Users

Who uses it

Governments and national risk agencies

Prioritise prevention and preparedness. Plan with subnational layers. Track Sendai targets. Co-develop a national index.

Insurers, reinsurers and risk pools

Read hazard, exposure and protection-gap context. Run scenario and tail analytics. Study parametric index design questions.

Universities and research

Replicate every value. Study methods. Contribute data and review.

UN system and humanitarian organisations

Compare needs across contexts with intervals. Watch weekly signals for review. Read outlooks for anticipatory planning.

09Relatórios

Nexus Reports

Edition code
SR-14
Edition status
prevista
Objeto
Set by Nexus Reports at commissioning

Nexus Reports

10Citar

Citar e reutilizar

GCRI Canada (2026). The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX): Global catastrophic and tail risk series (GRX-SER-SR-14), Baseline Edition 2026. Preparatory working draft. https://risksindex.com/series/sr-14/ UNI NXS-GRX-AR-000087.
Series key
grix:SER.SR-14:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A
Domain keys
nis:IDX.SPC.weather.space_weather_exposure:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A

Every country reads this series

Each country profile carries the domain indices this series is built from.