US$ 45.5 billion36% since 2020
2010min US$ 16.0 billion · max US$ 45.5 billion2025
Higher than 47% of 190 countriesSouthern Asia median US$ 108.8 billion
NXS-GRX-NPL · Southern Asia · Indices
Nepal: twenty domain indices
Fiscal, financial, external, climate, hazard, water, health, food, energy, infrastructure, cyber, governance, conflict, social, demographic, environment, frontier technology, coping capacity, economy and space weather.
Page GRX-NPL-IEdition Baseline Edition 2026Evidence close 2026-09-30ISO NPL / NPStatus UN member stateValues not yet publishedMethod v1.0.0-draft
20
domain indices
4
pillars
443
country indicators
90%
intervals
01Domains
Twenty domain indices
| Index | Value | Change | Change % | 90% interval | Class · probability | Trend | Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fiscal and public debt riskNXS-GRX-NPL · FIS |
– | – | – | – | – | ||
Financial stability riskNXS-GRX-NPL · FIN |
– | – | – | – | – | ||
External dependence riskNXS-GRX-NPL · ECO |
– | – | – | – | – | ||
Climate physical hazardNXS-GRX-NPL · CLI |
– | – | – | – | – | ||
Climate transition exposureNXS-GRX-NPL · CLI |
– | – | – | – | – | ||
Multi-hazard exposureNXS-GRX-NPL · HAZ |
– | – | – | – | – | ||
Environmental pressureNXS-GRX-NPL · ENV |
– | – | – | – | – | ||
Water security riskNXS-GRX-NPL · WAT |
– | – | – | – | – | ||
Space-weather exposureNXS-GRX-NPL · SPC |
– | – | – | – | – | ||
Health security riskNXS-GRX-NPL · HLT |
– | – | – | – | – | ||
Food insecurity riskNXS-GRX-NPL · FOO |
– | – | – | – | – | ||
Socio-economic vulnerabilityNXS-GRX-NPL · SOC |
– | – | – | – | – | ||
Displacement pressureNXS-GRX-NPL · DEM |
– | – | – | – | – | ||
Conflict riskNXS-GRX-NPL · CON |
– | – | – | – | – | ||
Governance weaknessNXS-GRX-NPL · GOV |
– | – | – | – | – | ||
Energy security riskNXS-GRX-NPL · ENE |
– | – | – | – | – | ||
Infrastructure fragilityNXS-GRX-NPL · INF |
– | – | – | – | – | ||
Cyber riskNXS-GRX-NPL · CYB |
– | – | – | – | – | ||
Technology concentration riskNXS-GRX-NPL · TEC |
– | – | – | – | – | ||
Lack of coping capacityNXS-GRX-NPL · CRS |
– | – | – | – | – |
02Areas
Profile areas for Nepal
Fourteen areas, one at a time: the latest open figures with their trend and where the country stands among others, the tools to run and download them, and every platform, standard and working group across the Nexus institutions that carries the area.
Open data for Nepal 638 observations from 51 World Bank series · CC BY 4.0 · source and licence on every rowChoose an area. Figures first; the sources, standards and ways to take part follow.
Area 01 · Partly admitted
Macroeconomy and external position
Output, prices, external balance and reserves, monetary conditions and labour, with intervals and the change since the last edition.
US$ 1,53633% since 2020
2010min US$ 585 · max US$ 1,5362025
Higher than 15% of 190 countriesSouthern Asia median US$ 2,702
4.4%6.8 pts since 2020
2010min -2.4% · max 9%2025
Higher than 70% of 189 countriesSouthern Asia median 4.4%
2.6%2.4 pts since 2020
2010min 2.6% · max 9.5%2025
Higher than 44% of 177 countriesSouthern Asia median 3.5%
10.7%of GDP11 pts since 2020
2010min -14.5% · max 10.7%2025
Higher than 90% of 177 countriesSouthern Asia median -0.3%
15.5months of imports24% since 2020
2010min 6 · max 15.52025
Higher than 97% of 160 countriesSouthern Asia median 5.3
10.5%of labour force2.6 pts since 2020
2010min 10.4% · max 13%2025
Higher than 82% of 179 countriesSouthern Asia median 4.5%
Source standing
- Admitted
- 4
- Under legal review
- 4
- Prohibited
- 0
- Not in the register
- 1
14 indicators · 2 composites
Indicators, engines and sources
- Appears here
- Output, prices, external balance and reserves, monetary conditions and labour, with intervals and the change since the last edition. For Nepal, with intervals and class probabilities, when the edition releases it.
- Indicators
- 14 indicators and 2 composites: Gross domestic product, current US dollars; GDP per capita, PPP (ICP 2021); Real GDP growth; Volatility of real GDP growth (10-year); Consumer price inflation; Food price inflation; and 8 more.
- Engines
- Growth-at-Risk, macro VAR and local projections in the model registry. Kernels are reference-tested in the Foundry and not yet independently validated.
- Sources
- admitted: wb-wdi, fao-faostat-cpi, wb-ids, ilo-ilostatunder legal review: imf-weo, imf-cpi, imf-bop, imf-irfclnot in the register: national-cpi
- Status
- Some sources are admitted; the others wait for legal review or stay excluded, and the area publishes on what is admitted.
Area 02 · Partly admitted
Fiscal position and public debt
Debt path fan charts, gross financing needs, debt service and fiscal stress, with the assumptions published.
16.5%of GDP5.5 pts since 2018
2010min 13.1% · max 22.4%2023
Higher than 20% of 141 countriesSouthern Asia median 13.8%
19.4%of GDP5.2 pts since 2016
2010min 12.7% · max 21.7%2021
Higher than 28% of 141 countriesSouthern Asia median 18.7%
39.9%of GDP6.1 pts since 2010
2010min 31.8% · max 39.9%2021
Higher than 29% of 60 countriesSouthern Asia median 75.5%
23.3%of GNI4.4 pts since 2019
2010min 16.5% · max 24%2024
Higher than 16% of 118 countriesSouthern Asia median 23.3%
12.4%of exports4.1 pts since 2019
2010min 7.2% · max 12.4%2024
Higher than 48% of 116 countriesSouthern Asia median 12.4%
Across the Nexus
Sovereign Capital Nexus · GRA Public Finance and Sovereign Debt · GRA Disaster Risk Finance · Capital Nexus.
Source standing
- Admitted
- 7
- Under legal review
- 13
- Prohibited
- 0
- Not in the register
- 8
37 indicators · 7 composites
Indicators, engines and sources
- Appears here
- Debt path fan charts, gross financing needs, debt service and fiscal stress, with the assumptions published. For Nepal, with intervals and class probabilities, when the edition releases it.
- Indicators
- 37 indicators and 7 composites: General government overall balance, share of GDP; General government primary balance, share of GDP; General government structural balance, share of potential GDP; Interest-rate-growth differential (r – g); General government revenue, current US dollars; General government revenue, share of GDP; and 31 more.
- Engines
- Debt fan chart on the SRDSF structure (not an IMF or World Bank DSA), fiscal stress. Kernels are reference-tested in the Foundry and not yet independently validated.
- Sources
- admitted: wb-wdi, oecd-revenue-statistics, wb-qpsd, oecd-sovereign-borrowing, wb-ids, wb-ppi, wb-country-climate-development-reportsunder legal review: imf-weo, imf-gfs, imf-fiscal-monitor, imf-gdd, imf-dsa, imf-sovereign-investor-base, imf-wb-lic-dsf, imf-public-sector-balance-sheet and 5 morenot in the register: unu-wider-grd, eiti, national-dmo, jpm-embi:licensed, national-bond-yields, cds-vendor:licensed, national-soe-reports, national-fiscal-risk-statements
- Status
- Some sources are admitted; the others wait for legal review or stay excluded, and the area publishes on what is admitted.
Area 03 · Partly admitted
Financial system
Banking-system capital and liquidity, credit growth, asset prices and contagion on the dependency network.
5.2%of loans3.5 pts since 2020
2016min 1.2% · max 5.2%2025
Higher than 73% of 144 countriesSouthern Asia median 5.4%
6%3.3 pts since 2020
2016min 6% · max 11.3%2025
Higher than 11% of 144 countriesSouthern Asia median 6.9%
Across the Nexus
Banking Nexus · Asset Management Nexus · GRA Fintech · Capital Nexus Markets · Private Equity Nexus · Institutional Funds Nexus.
Source standing
- Admitted
- 9
- Under legal review
- 4
- Prohibited
- 1
- Not in the register
- 8
32 indicators · 7 composites
Indicators, engines and sources
- Appears here
- Banking-system capital and liquidity, credit growth, asset prices and contagion on the dependency network. For Nepal, with intervals and class probabilities, when the edition releases it.
- Indicators
- 32 indicators and 7 composites: Regulatory capital to risk-weighted assets; Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets; Common Equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets; Capital to total assets (leverage); Non-performing loans net of provisions to capital; Non-performing loans to total gross loans; and 26 more.
- Engines
- VaR and expected shortfall, credit risk, DebtRank contagion. Kernels are reference-tested in the Foundry and not yet independently validated.
- Sources
- admitted: wb-wdi, bis-credit, bis-credit-gap, wb-findex, bis-rpp, oecd-house-prices, wb-gfdd, oecd-insurance and 1 moreunder legal review: imf-fsi, imf-mfs, imf-ifs, imf-gddprohibited: emdatnot in the register: national-supervisor, national-central-bank, fsb-nbfi-monitoring, swiss-re-sigma:licensed, munich-re-natcat:licensed, eiopa-protection-gap, bcbs-climate-disclosure-2025, national-supervisor-credit-register
- Status
- Some sources are admitted; the others wait for legal review or stay excluded, and the area publishes on what is admitted.
Area 04 · Partly admitted
Trade, economic structure and supply chains
Trade openness and concentration, commodity dependence and supply-chain exposure by sector.
42.5%of GDP1.6 pts since 2020
2010min 36.3% · max 49.3%2025
Higher than 15% of 169 countriesSouthern Asia median 46.3%
8.8%of GDP2 pts since 2020
2010min 5.1% · max 10.2%2025
Higher than 2% of 169 countriesSouthern Asia median 19%
0%of merchandise exports0 pts since 2017
2010min 0% · max 0%2022
Higher than 7% of 165 countriesSouthern Asia median 2.4%
0.1%of GDP0.3 pts since 2020
2010min 0.1% · max 0.7%2025
Higher than 12% of 186 countriesSouthern Asia median 0.5%
Across the Nexus
GCRI Trade and Strategic Resources · Food Nexus · GCRI Advanced Industry and Robotics.
Source standing
- Admitted
- 8
- Under legal review
- 6
- Prohibited
- 0
- Not in the register
- 5
18 indicators · 5 composites
Indicators, engines and sources
- Appears here
- Trade openness and concentration, commodity dependence and supply-chain exposure by sector. For Nepal, with intervals and class probabilities, when the edition releases it.
- Indicators
- 18 indicators and 5 composites: Trade openness (exports plus imports, share of GDP); International tourism receipts, share of exports; Personal remittances received, share of GDP; Net official development assistance received, share of GNI; Export product concentration (normalised HHI); Export market concentration (normalised HHI); and 12 more.
- Engines
- Leontief input–output, inoperability, supplier concentration. Kernels are reference-tested in the Foundry and not yet independently validated.
- Sources
- admitted: wb-wdi, wb-knomad, oecd-dac, unctad-stat, un-comtrade, wb-changing-wealth-of-nations, oecd-tiva, unctad-fdiunder legal review: imf-bop, un-tourism, imf-dots, usgs-mineral-commodity-summaries, unctad-eora, imf-portwatchnot in the register: harvard-growth-lab-atlas:licence-check, oec-world:licence-check, iea-critical-minerals, adb-mrio, ais-vessel-tracking:licensed
- Status
- Some sources are admitted; the others wait for legal review or stay excluded, and the area publishes on what is admitted.
Area 05 · Partly admitted
Water
Water stress, drought, access and quality, coupled to food, energy and health in the water, energy, food, health and biodiversity nexus.
16.5%of people2.8 pts since 2019
2010min 16.1% · max 29.8%2024
Higher than 5% of 137 countriesSouthern Asia median 53%
8.3%of available freshwater0 pts since 2017
2010min 8.3% · max 8.3%2022
Higher than 45% of 177 countriesSouthern Asia median 54.8%
6,670 m³5.7% since 2017
2010min 6,670 m³ · max 7,249 m³2022
Higher than 68% of 182 countriesSouthern Asia median 1,162 m³
Across the Nexus
Water Nexus · GRF Diplomacy · GRF Climate and Nature Governance.
Source standing
- Admitted
- 3
- Under legal review
- 2
- Prohibited
- 2
- Not in the register
- 4
13 indicators · 5 composites
Indicators, engines and sources
- Appears here
- Water stress, drought, access and quality, coupled to food, energy and health in the water, energy, food, health and biodiversity nexus. For Nepal, with intervals and class probabilities, when the edition releases it.
- Indicators
- 13 indicators and 5 composites: Level of water stress; Baseline water stress score (sub-basin); Total renewable freshwater resources per capita; Groundwater storage decline; Water-use efficiency; Population using safely managed drinking water; and 7 more.
- Engines
- Baseline water stress, SPI drought, water balance, shallow-water flooding. Kernels are reference-tested in the Foundry and not yet independently validated.
- Sources
- admitted: fao-aquastat, wb-wdi, nasa-grace-founder legal review: un-sdg-database, wri-aqueduct-4prohibited: who-unicef-jmp, who-un-habitat-wastewaternot in the register: igrac-ggis, national-groundwater-monitoring, unep-gems-water, unece-unesco-sdg652
- Status
- Some sources are admitted; the others wait for legal review or stay excluded, and the area publishes on what is admitted.
Area 06 · Partly admitted
Energy
Supply security, import dependence, grid reliability, transition exposure and access.
97.9%of people8 pts since 2019
2010min 67.3% · max 97.9%2024
Higher than 38% of 194 countriesSouthern Asia median 99.9%
73.7%of final consumption5.7 pts since 2016
2010min 73.1% · max 87.3%2021
Higher than 88% of 192 countriesSouthern Asia median 34.9%
27.9%of energy use1 pts since 2019
2010min 13.8% · max 29.2%2024
Higher than 49% of 139 countriesSouthern Asia median 33.2%
Across the Nexus
Source standing
- Admitted
- 7
- Under legal review
- 5
- Prohibited
- 1
- Not in the register
- 18
23 indicators · 6 composites
Indicators, engines and sources
- Appears here
- Supply security, import dependence, grid reliability, transition exposure and access. For Nepal, with intervals and class probabilities, when the edition releases it.
- Indicators
- 23 indicators and 6 composites: Population with access to electricity; Population relying primarily on clean cooking fuels and technologies; Electricity consumption per capita; Renewable share of total final energy consumption; Primary energy intensity of GDP; Electricity generation-mix concentration; and 17 more.
- Engines
- DC power flow and N-1 screening; an energy-security kernel is still to be built. Kernels are reference-tested in the Foundry and not yet independently validated.
- Sources
- admitted: wb-wdi, wb-icp, wri-global-power-plant-database, un-comtrade, eurostat-emergency-oil-stocks, wb-enterprise-surveys, wb-b-readyunder legal review: un-energy-statistics-database, imf-bop, us-eia-861, copernicus-era5, usgs-mineral-commodity-summariesprohibited: who-household-energy-databasenot in the register: iea-sdg7-tracking, national-household-surveys, iea-world-energy-balances, irena-renewable-energy-statistics, iea-electricity-information, ember-global-electricity-review, irena-renewable-capacity-statistics, iea-oil-information and 10 more
- Status
- Some sources are admitted; the others wait for legal review or stay excluded, and the area publishes on what is admitted.
Area 07 · Partly admitted
Food systems
Availability, access, prices and nutrition, and the drivers from water, energy, trade and conflict.
5.2%of people0.5 pts since 2019
2010min 4.4% · max 10.8%2024
Higher than 52% of 165 countriesSouthern Asia median 8.2%
3,521kg per hectare13% since 2019
2010min 2,408 · max 3,5212024
Higher than 54% of 176 countriesSouthern Asia median 3,552
24.8%of children11 pts since 2016
2010min 24.8% · max 41.5%2022
Higher than 68% of 92 countriesSouthern Asia median 24.2%
21.6%of GDP0.6 pts since 2020
2010min 20.9% · max 33.2%2025
Higher than 83% of 185 countriesSouthern Asia median 13.7%
Across the Nexus
Food Nexus · GCRI Biotechnology and Biosecurity · GRF Climate and Nature Governance.
Source standing
- Admitted
- 14
- Under legal review
- 4
- Prohibited
- 0
- Not in the register
- 2
23 indicators · 6 composites
Indicators, engines and sources
- Appears here
- Availability, access, prices and nutrition, and the drivers from water, energy, trade and conflict. For Nepal, with intervals and class probabilities, when the edition releases it.
- Indicators
- 23 indicators and 6 composites: Prevalence of undernourishment; Number of people undernourished; Average dietary energy supply adequacy; Per capita food supply variability; Cereal import dependency ratio; Moderate or severe food insecurity (FIES); and 17 more.
- Engines
- Food energy gap, price anomaly, threshold evidence. Kernels are reference-tested in the Foundry and not yet independently validated.
- Sources
- admitted: fao-faostat-fs, fao-sofi, wb-wdi, fao-fies, wb-food-prices-for-nutrition, fao-giews-fpma, fao-faostat-cpi, ilo-ilostat and 6 moreunder legal review: ipc-API, ipc-famine-review-committee, un-national-accounts, noaa-star-vhpnot in the register: cadre-harmonise, fsin-grfc
- Status
- Some sources are admitted; the others wait for legal review or stay excluded, and the area publishes on what is admitted.
Area 08 · Partly admitted
Health security
Health-system capacity, outbreak preparedness, disease burden and the health effects of other systems.
70.6 years1.9% since 2019
2010min 66.8 years · max 70.6 years2024
Higher than 34% of 194 countriesSouthern Asia median 73.3 years
25.1per 1,000 births19% since 2019
2010min 25.1 · max 47.92024
Higher than 66% of 193 countriesSouthern Asia median 25.1
6.2%of GDP1.6 pts since 2018
2010min 4.4% · max 6.5%2023
Higher than 48% of 193 countriesSouthern Asia median 4.4%
1.01per 1,000 people35% since 2018
2012min 0.51 · max 1.012023
Higher than 39% of 180 countriesSouthern Asia median 1.01
Across the Nexus
Health Nexus · GCRI Biotechnology and Biosecurity · Health Nexus and Biosecurity Governance · Insurance Nexus.
Source standing
- Admitted
- 4
- Under legal review
- 2
- Prohibited
- 15
- Not in the register
- 8
31 indicators · 6 composites
Indicators, engines and sources
- Appears here
- Health-system capacity, outbreak preparedness, disease burden and the health effects of other systems. For Nepal, with intervals and class probabilities, when the edition releases it.
- Indicators
- 31 indicators and 6 composites: Under-five mortality rate; Neonatal mortality rate; Maternal mortality ratio; Life expectancy at birth; Premature mortality from major non-communicable diseases; Tuberculosis incidence; and 25 more.
- Engines
- SEIR, Rt estimation, outbreak detection. Kernels are reference-tested in the Foundry and not yet independently validated.
- Sources
- admitted: wb-wdi, un-wpp, oecd-health, wb-hnp-statsunder legal review: un-igme, un-mmeigprohibited: who-gho, who-ghe, who-global-tb-programme, who-world-malaria-report, who-nhwa, who-wb-financial-protection, who-ghed, who-unicef-wuenic and 7 morenot in the register: unaids, household-surveys, unicef-who-joint-database, map-accessibility-to-healthcare, openstreetmap, africa-cdc-epidemic-intelligence, unicef-who-wb-jme, smart-surveys
- Status
- Some sources are admitted; the others wait for legal review or stay excluded, and the area publishes on what is admitted.
Area 09 · Partly admitted
Environment and biodiversity
Ecosystem condition, biodiversity pressure, land and ocean change and nature dependence of the economy.
43.6%of land0.6 pts since 2019
2010min 42.4% · max 43.6%2024
Higher than 68% of 194 countriesSouthern Asia median 14.4%
23.6%of territory0 pts since 2020
2013min 17.2% · max 23.6%2025
Higher than 79% of 193 countriesSouthern Asia median 5.9%
53.2 µg/m³11% since 2018
2010min 49.9 µg/m³ · max 59.5 µg/m³2023
Higher than 94% of 193 countriesSouthern Asia median 40.3 µg/m³
Source standing
- Admitted
- 9
- Under legal review
- 5
- Prohibited
- 1
- Not in the register
- 22
22 indicators · 6 composites
Indicators, engines and sources
- Appears here
- Ecosystem condition, biodiversity pressure, land and ocean change and nature dependence of the economy. For Nepal, with intervals and class probabilities, when the edition releases it.
- Indicators
- 22 indicators and 6 composites: PM2.5 exposure, population-weighted mean; Population exposed above the WHO PM2.5 guideline, share; Seasonal peak ozone exposure; Land area; Forest area, share of land area; Annual tree cover loss rate; and 16 more.
- Engines
- Nature pressure-overlap screening. Kernels are reference-tested in the Foundry and not yet independently validated.
- Sources
- admitted: wb-wdi, jrc-ghsl-ghs-pop, fao-faostat-land-use, geoboundaries, fao-fra, fao-fisheries-sofia, wb-what-a-waste, oecd-global-plastics-outlook and 1 moreunder legal review: copernicus-cams, un-sdg-database, copernicus-marine, noaa-oisst, un-habitat-waste-wise-citiesprohibited: who-ambient-air-quality-databasenot in the register: acag-satellite-pm25, state-of-global-air, toar, gfw-umd-tree-cover-loss, unccd-prais, trends-earth, openstreetmap, grip-global-roads and 14 more
- Status
- Some sources are admitted; the others wait for legal review or stay excluded, and the area publishes on what is admitted.
Area 10 · Partly admitted
Climate: physical and transition
Chronic and acute physical risk under scenarios, and transition exposure of the economy and the public balance sheet.
0.5 t CO₂e15% since 2019
2010min 0.2 t CO₂e · max 0.6 t CO₂e2024
Higher than 21% of 186 countriesSouthern Asia median 1.1 t CO₂e
41.5 Mt CO₂e11% since 2019
2010min 34.5 Mt CO₂e · max 50.8 Mt CO₂e2024
Higher than 52% of 186 countriesSouthern Asia median 41.5 Mt CO₂e
0%of people
2015min 0% · max 0%2015
Higher than 14% of 194 countriesSouthern Asia median 0.9%
Source standing
- Admitted
- 10
- Under legal review
- 7
- Prohibited
- 0
- Not in the register
- 24
31 indicators · 8 composites
Indicators, engines and sources
- Appears here
- Chronic and acute physical risk under scenarios, and transition exposure of the economy and the public balance sheet. For Nepal, with intervals and class probabilities, when the edition releases it.
- Indicators
- 31 indicators and 8 composites: Surface warming since pre-industrial; Change in annual precipitation; Relative sea-level rise rate; Hottest day of the year (TXx); Share of warm days (TX90p); Change in very hot days (35 °C or more); and 25 more.
- Engines
- Return-period shift, bias correction, ensembles, sea level, climate-adjusted default risk. Kernels are reference-tested in the Foundry and not yet independently validated.
- Sources
- admitted: fao-faostat-temperature-change, wb-cckp, jrc-ghsl-ghs-pop, wb-wdi, wb-changing-wealth-of-nations, un-comtrade, oecd-fossil-fuel-support, ngfs-scenarios and 2 moreunder legal review: copernicus-era5, noaa-globaltemp, copernicus-sea-level, nasa-sea-level-change, nasa-sea-level-projection-tool, imf-fossil-fuel-subsidies, wb-wginot in the register: berkeley-earth, gpcc, cru-ts, psmsl, hadex3, national-met-services, gpcc-full-data-daily, entity-disclosures and 16 more
- Status
- Some sources are admitted; the others wait for legal review or stay excluded, and the area publishes on what is admitted.
Area 11 · Partly admitted
Conflict, governance and security
Violence and its spillovers, institutional quality, rule of law and state capacity.
2.1per 100,000 people0.9% since 2015
2010min 1.9 · max 32020
Higher than 47% of 140 countriesSouthern Asia median 2.6
Across the Nexus
GCRI Registry · GCRI Campaigns · GCRI Agency · GRF Diplomacy · Governance Nexus · GRF Information Integrity and Public Trust.
Source standing
- Admitted
- 9
- Under legal review
- 4
- Prohibited
- 1
- Not in the register
- 14
39 indicators · 10 composites
Indicators, engines and sources
- Appears here
- Violence and its spillovers, institutional quality, rule of law and state capacity. For Nepal, with intervals and class probabilities, when the edition releases it.
- Indicators
- 39 indicators and 10 composites: Reported fatalities from organised political violence; Conflict fatalities per 100,000 population; Battle-related deaths (UCDP); Political violence events; Armed conflict events; Geographic diffusion of conflict; and 33 more.
- Engines
- Conflict kernels in the model registry. Kernels are reference-tested in the Foundry and not yet independently validated.
- Sources
- admitted: ucdp-ged, ucdp-battle-related-deaths, wb-wdi, oecd-states-of-fragility, wb-fcs-list, wb-cpia, wb-enterprise-surveys, wb-spi and 1 moreunder legal review: acled, wb-wgi, imf-isora, unsd-census-programmeprohibited: who-surveillance-system-attacks-health-carenot in the register: ghsl-pop, unodc-homicide, sipri-milex, iiss-military-balance, insecurity-insight, landmine-monitor, unmas, iep-global-peace-index and 6 more
- Status
- Some sources are admitted; the others wait for legal review or stay excluded, and the area publishes on what is admitted.
Area 12 · Partly admitted
Frontier technology and innovation
Frontier technology risk and capacity side by side: AI, compute, semiconductors, quantum, space, biotech, cyber resilience and digital infrastructure, with the innovation index below.
0.3%of GDP
2010min 0.3% · max 0.3%2010
0.6%of manufactured exports0.6 pts since 2017
2010min 0.1% · max 2.5%2022
Higher than 10% of 164 countriesSouthern Asia median 0.7%
46.3%of people13 pts since 2019
2010min 7.9% · max 46.3%2024
Higher than 20% of 185 countriesSouthern Asia median 57.3%
10.1per 100 people177% since 2019
2010min 0.2 · max 10.72024
Higher than 46% of 193 countriesSouthern Asia median 8.1
20400% since 2012
2011min 4 · max 202017
1,591114% since 2018
2010min 365 · max 1,6472023
Higher than 61% of 194 countriesSouthern Asia median 2,322
Source standing
- Admitted
- 9
- Under legal review
- 5
- Prohibited
- 1
- Not in the register
- 26
27 indicators · 10 composites
Indicators, engines and sources
- Appears here
- Frontier technology risk and capacity side by side: AI, compute, semiconductors, quantum, space, biotech, cyber resilience and digital infrastructure, with the innovation index below. For Nepal, with intervals and class probabilities, when the edition releases it.
- Indicators
- 27 indicators and 10 composites: Severe geomagnetic storm days per year; Geoelectric field amplitude at 100-year return period; Strong solar radiation storm days per year; GDP in GNSS-dependent activities, share; Critical services relying on satellites without backup, share; High-voltage grid in high geoelectric hazard zones, share; and 21 more.
- Engines
- Technology series XT-01 to XT-20; the innovation index is planned. Kernels are reference-tested in the Foundry and not yet independently validated.
- Sources
- admitted: first-member-directory, unctad-global-cyberlaw-tracker, oecd-stan, unctad-digital-economy, un-desa-egovernment-survey, oecd-msti, wb-wdi, un-comtrade and 1 moreunder legal review: noaa-swpc, usgs-geoelectric-hazard, osm-power-grid, eu-nis2-incident-reporting, un-national-accounts-main-aggregatesprohibited: who-jee-reportsnot in the register: gfz-kp-index, bgs-geoelectric-models, nexus-gic-model, goes-energetic-particles, nexus-gnss-dependence-model, national-accounts-value-added, euspa-market-report, nexus-expert-assessment and 18 more
- Status
- Some sources are admitted; the others wait for legal review or stay excluded, and the area publishes on what is admitted.
Area 13 · Partly admitted
Coping capacity and disaster finance
Preparedness, response and recovery capacity, risk financing and social protection.
5.3%of people
2010min 5.3% · max 5.3%2010
Source standing
- Admitted
- 9
- Under legal review
- 1
- Prohibited
- 1
- Not in the register
- 18
18 indicators · 5 composites
Indicators, engines and sources
- Appears here
- Preparedness, response and recovery capacity, risk financing and social protection. For Nepal, with intervals and class probabilities, when the edition releases it.
- Indicators
- 18 indicators and 5 composites: National DRR strategy aligned with the Sendai Framework; Local governments with DRR strategies aligned to the national strategy; Multi-hazard early warning system score; Multi-hazard monitoring and forecasting systems; People covered by early warning information; Local governments with a plan to act on early warnings; and 12 more.
- Engines
- Capability readiness ladder; disaster-finance readiness dossier. Kernels are reference-tested in the Foundry and not yet independently validated.
- Sources
- admitted: wmo-early-warnings-for-all-dashboard, wmo-observing-systems-capability-analysis, wb-gfdrr-drfip-country-profiles, wb-projects-database, wb-treasury-cat-bond-issuances, oecd-global-insurance-statistics, worldpop, oecd-crs-drr-marker and 1 moreunder legal review: undrr-sendai-framework-monitorprohibited: emdatnot in the register: mcr2030-resilience-roadmap, itu-cell-broadcast-deployments, national-civil-protection-reports, national-finance-ministry-publications, arc-annual-reports, ccrif-spc-annual-reports, pcric-annual-reports, seadrif-annual-reports and 10 more
- Status
- Some sources are admitted; the others wait for legal review or stay excluded, and the area publishes on what is admitted.
Area 14 · Partly admitted
Society, demography and mobility
Human development, inequality, ageing, urbanisation and displacement.
29.6 million2.2% since 2020
2010min 27.3 million · max 29.7 million2025
Higher than 74% of 194 countriesSouthern Asia median 43.8 million
67%of people0.9 pts since 2020
2010min 62% · max 67%2025
Higher than 58% of 194 countriesSouthern Asia median 39.5%
2.4%of people20 pts since 2010
2010min 2.4% · max 22.1%2022
Higher than 61% of 115 countriesSouthern Asia median 2.5%
30index 0–1002.8 pts since 2010
2010min 30 · max 32.82022
Higher than 23% of 115 countriesSouthern Asia median 30.4
6.6%of people0.5 pts since 2020
2010min 4.7% · max 6.6%2025
Higher than 44% of 194 countriesSouthern Asia median 6.6%
Source standing
- Admitted
- 11
- Under legal review
- 1
- Prohibited
- 0
- Not in the register
- 12
46 indicators · 11 composites
Indicators, engines and sources
- Appears here
- Human development, inequality, ageing, urbanisation and displacement. For Nepal, with intervals and class probabilities, when the edition releases it.
- Indicators
- 46 indicators and 11 composites: Extreme poverty headcount, USD 3.00 a day (2021 PPP); Poverty headcount, USD 4.20 a day (2021 PPP); Poverty headcount, USD 8.30 a day (2021 PPP); Poverty headcount at the national poverty line; Multidimensional poverty headcount (global MPI); Gini index; and 40 more.
- Engines
- Social and demographic composites (Indicator Standard). Kernels are reference-tested in the Foundry and not yet independently validated.
- Sources
- admitted: wb-pip, wb-wdi, wb-learning-poverty, ilo-ilostat, ilo-world-social-protection-database, wb-aspire, un-wpp, worldpop and 3 moreunder legal review: un-habitat-urban-indicatorsnot in the register: national-statistical-offices, undp-ophi-global-mpi, undp-hdr, unesco-uis, barro-lee, ipu-parline, unicef-mics, national-census and 4 more
- Status
- Some sources are admitted; the others wait for legal review or stay excluded, and the area publishes on what is admitted.
03Innovation
The innovation index (planned)
Capacity, not only risk: research, patents, talent, compute, digital infrastructure and capital for Nepal. These indicators are not in Indicator Standard yet; each needs its source admitted before it appears.
- R&D expenditure, share of GDP
- unesco-uis · not in the register
- Researchers per million people
- unesco-uis · not in the register
- Patent applications by residents
- wipo · not in the register
- High-technology exports, share of manufactured exports
- un-comtrade · admitted
- Fixed and mobile broadband subscriptions
- itu · not in the register
- Data-centre and compute capacity
- national-registers · not in the register
- Venture capital investment, share of GDP
- oecd · admitted
- AI adoption in firms and government
- oecd · admitted
- STEM graduates, share of graduates
- unesco-uis · not in the register
- E-government development
- un · under legal review
- Scientific publications and citations
- openalex · under legal review
- Critical-minerals processing capacity
- national-registers · not in the register
04Pillars
How the domains combine
HTE
Hazard and threat exposure
5 domain indices, combined by geometric mean with intervals propagated.
Method
VULHuman and systems vulnerability
8 domain indices, combined by geometric mean with intervals propagated.
Method
MSFMacro-financial and structural fragility
5 domain indices, combined by geometric mean with intervals propagated.
Method
LCCLack of coping and adaptive capacity
2 domain indices, combined by geometric mean with intervals propagated.
Method
05Global
Each index across all countries
- FISFiscal and public debt risk index
- FINFinancial stability risk index
- ECOExternal dependence risk index
- CLIClimate physical hazard index
- CLIClimate transition exposure index
- HAZMulti-hazard exposure index
- ENVEnvironmental pressure index
- WATWater security risk index
- SPCSpace-weather exposure index
- HLTHealth security risk index
- FOOFood insecurity risk index
- SOCSocio-economic vulnerability index
- DEMDisplacement pressure index
- CONConflict risk index
- GOVGovernance weakness index
- ENEEnergy security risk index
- INFInfrastructure fragility index
- CYBCyber risk index
- TECTechnology concentration risk index
- CRSLack of coping capacity index
Status
The methodology, structure and definitions of The Global Risks Index are a preparatory working draft (2026), circulated for review and comment and not for implementation. No value appears until an edition is released from a governed evidence cut; values then carry intervals, classes, sources and their correction pathway. Simulators run the published methods on numbers you choose and never show a NXS-GRX value.
A country profile reads public evidence about a place. It is not a statement by or about the policy of any government, takes no position on the status of any territory, and does not imply a national programme or participation. Names follow UN M49.
What NXS-GRX is not
NXS-GRX is research and risk-analytics information. It is not a credit or ESG rating and uses no rating scale, not a benchmark for financial instruments, not official statistics, not an emergency warning or official classification, and not advice. It must not be used to evaluate natural persons. Risk classes are bands on a published scale, never rankings of countries or people.
Pulse signals and outlook probabilities are information for review by competent authorities, never public warnings; official warnings come only from mandated authorities.
Institutions and sources
The Nexus Consortium is stewarded by three independent not-for-profit institutions: The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), through GCRI US in Washington, DC and GCRI Canada in Ontario, with GCRI Canada as Lead Institution, Consortium Secretariat and lead contracting organisation; The Global Risks Forum (GRF); and The Global Risks Alliance (GRA). Technology, infrastructure and service providers work with the Consortium at arm’s length under written agreements, like every other external party in the public-private-planet model, and hold no role in its stewardship.
Every value carries the attribution of its sources, which keep their own licences. External names are cited for interoperability only. Nexus-authored text is intended for CC BY 4.0 on release.
Avis en français
La méthodologie et les définitions du NXS-GRX sont un projet de travail préparatoire (2026). Le NXS-GRX est une information de recherche et d’analyse des risques : ni notation, ni indice de référence financier, ni statistique officielle, ni alerte, ni conseil. Les classes de risque sont des bandes sur une échelle publiée, non des classements.