The Global Risks Index
NXS-GRX · Nexus Standards · PROPOSED

The Nexus risk taxonomy

Hazard domains, contexts, risk classes, indicator domains, risk components, the risk chain, method fabrics, the twenty systems, platforms, domain packs and programme pillars, each node linked to the standards that govern it.

Page GRX-TAXEdition Baseline Edition 2026Evidence close 2026-09-30Values not yet publishedSnapshot 31a753f76
11
facets
189
nodes
348
standards referenced
905
hazards
01nhs-1#NHS_DOMAINS

hazard domains

NodeDefinitionStandards
Atmosphere and weatheratmoHazards that live in the air column: storms, winds, precipitation extremes, thermal extremes, airborne particles and large-scale circulation anomalies.
Water systemswaterHazards of fresh and salt water: floods, water deficit, sea-level and wave hazards, ocean-state extremes and water-quality degradation.
Ice and snowcryoHazards of the frozen Earth: snowpack and avalanche, glacier and permafrost change, floating ice.
Solid EarthgeoHazards of the crust and ground: fault shaking, eruptions, slope failure, ground deformation and surface erosion.
Space and near-EarthspaceHazards that arrive from or act in space: solar-terrestrial storms, impacts and orbital debris.
Land and ecosystemsecoHazards of the living land and sea surface: vegetation fire, forest stress, land degradation, biodiversity loss and climate-state shifts.
Planetary boundaries and Earth-system tippingplanetHazards of the Earth system as a whole: transgression of the boundaries that keep the planet in a stable state, tipping of large climate, ice, ocean and biome components, carbon-cycle feedbacks, and rare deep-time and cosmic catastrophes.
Pollution and hazardous substancespollHarmful substances in air, water, soil and food, toxic releases, ionising radiation and waste-containment failures.
Health and biosecurityhealthDisease and biological harm to people, animals and plants, grouped by transmission route, plus systemic biological risks, chronic and mental-health burdens, drug resistance and the failure of health systems.
Built systemsinfraFailure and accident hazards of structures, energy, water, digital and space-service networks, mobility, food systems, cities, ageing assets and industrial plants.
Information and cyber-physical systemscyberCompromise or failure of information systems, including attacks that reach physical processes, identity and trust services, systemic cyber events and platforms everything else depends on.
Frontier and exponential technologytechHazards that arise from frontier and exponential technologies: artificial intelligence, biotechnology, advanced materials, quantum, neurotechnology, autonomy, climate intervention, space systems, digital concentration, advanced manufacturing and energy-transition technology.
Society, conflict and economysocViolence, geopolitical and nuclear confrontation, conflict-induced harm, humanitarian crises, governance and cohesion failure, crime, demographic and labour transitions, macro-fiscal and financial-system shocks, and loss of heritage.
Systemic and compound eventssysEvents defined by interaction rather than by one process: supply-chain disruption, cascading failure, compound multi-hazard events and the structural fragility (concentration, coupling, polycrisis) that lets them spread.
03nhs-1#NHS_RISK_CLASSES

risk classes (global, catastrophic, existential, emerging, planetary, exponential, frontier technology)

NodeDefinitionStandards
Global riskglobalA hazard is global when its occurrence, its consequences or its causal chain cross national borders and act at continental or planetary scale, so that no single country can fully assess, prevent or absorb it.
Catastrophic riskcatastrophicA hazard is catastrophic when at least one plausible scenario for it would cause global catastrophe: a very large loss of life, the crippling of global systems, or a civilisational setback that would take generations to recover from.
Existential riskexistentialA hazard is existential when a plausible scenario for it would cause human extinction or a permanent, unrecoverable collapse of humanity's long-term potential.
Emerging riskemergingA hazard is emerging when it is new, or is changing fast in nature, scale, likelihood or reach, and the evidence base for assessing it is still thin or immature.
Planetary riskplanetaryA hazard is planetary when it concerns the stability of an Earth-system process: it pressures a planetary boundary, or it is, or directly drives, a tipping element whose change of state would alter the Earth system as a whole.
Exponential riskexponentialA hazard is exponential when its growth or diffusion is self-accelerating, through compounding technology capability, contagion, network effects or reinforcing feedback, so that its scale can outrun linear planning and response.
Frontier technology riskfrontier-techA hazard is frontier-tech when it arises from frontier or fast-advancing technology, through accident, misuse, unintended system behaviour or structural effects of its deployment.
04nis-1#NIS_DOMAINS

indicator domains

NodeDefinitionStandards
MacroeconomyMACOutput, prices, external position and monetary conditions of an economy.
Fiscal and public debtFISGovernment revenue, spending, balances, debt stock, composition, financing needs and contingent liabilities.
Financial systemFINSoundness, depth and vulnerabilities of banks, non-banks, households, corporates and markets, including climate-related financial risk.
ClimateCLIPhysical climate hazards and trends, emissions and transition exposure, and adaptation readiness.
Hazard and exposureHAZNatural and technological hazard intensity, frequency and the people, assets and systems exposed, keyed to Hazard Standard.
HealthHLTDisease burden, health-system capacity and health-security preparedness.
Food systemsFOOFood availability, access, utilisation, stability and acute food insecurity.
WaterWATWater availability, stress, access, quality and transboundary dependence.
EnergyENEEnergy access, supply security, import dependence, diversity, reliability and transition.
InfrastructureINFCritical infrastructure stock, condition, service continuity, connectivity and urban systems.
Cyber and digitalCYBCyber-security commitment and capability, digital dependence and incident exposure.
Governance and institutionsGOVQuality of governance, rule of law, policy and institutional capacity, statistical capacity.
Conflict and securityCONOrganised violence, its deadliness, diffusion and civilian harm, militarisation and peace.
Social and human developmentSOCPoverty, inequality, education, gender, social protection and human development.
Demography and mobilityDEMPopulation size and structure, urbanisation, migration and forced displacement.
Environment and biodiversityENVPollution, ecosystem condition, land and biodiversity, and nature dependence.
Technology and frontierTECFrontier technology capability, concentration and systemic technology risk (AI, biotech, space, quantum).
Coping capacity and resilienceCRSDisaster risk reduction, early warning, risk financing and protection gaps.
Economic structure and tradeECOTrade openness, concentration and dependence, supply-chain exposure and economic complexity.
Space environmentSPCSpace weather and the exposure of space-dependent services.
05nis-1#NIS_RISK_COMPONENTS

Indicator Standard risk components

NodeDefinitionStandards
HazardHAZARD
ExposureEXPOSURE
VulnerabilityVULNERABILITY
Coping capacityCOPING_CAPACITY
Adaptive capacityADAPTIVE_CAPACITY
ResponseRESPONSE
ImpactIMPACT
ContextCONTEXT
06nxv.grix.risk-chain#RISK_CHAIN_ORDER

Nexus risk chain stages

NodeDefinitionStandards
HazardHAZARD
ExposureEXPOSURE
VulnerabilityVULNERABILITY
ImpactIMPACT
LikelihoodLIKELIHOOD
RiskRISK
CapacityCAPACITY
ResponseRESPONSE
FinancingFINANCING
OutcomeOUTCOME
07nrm#fabrics

Method libraries

NodeDefinitionStandards
Universal mathematics and statisticsuniversal-mathematics-statistics
Hazard sciencehazard-science
Exposure and asset intelligenceexposure-asset-intelligence
Vulnerability, fragility and resiliencevulnerability-fragility-resilience
Consequence and lossconsequence-loss
Catastrophe riskcatastrophe-risk
Networks, dependency and systemic risknetwork-dependency-systemic
Financial riskfinancial-risk
Insurance and reinsuranceinsurance-reinsurance
Markets, trade and supply chainsmarket-trade-supply-chain
Sovereign, macroeconomic and development risksovereign-macro-development
Policy, regulation and governancepolicy-regulation-governance
Water riskwater-risk
Food, agriculture and fisheriesfood-agriculture-fisheries
Energy riskenergy-risk
Health and epidemiologyhealth-epidemiology
Climate, nature and biodiversityclimate-nature-biodiversity
Critical infrastructure and industrial riskcritical-infrastructure-industrial
Cyber, AI and frontier technologycyber-ai-frontier-tech
Geopolitics, conflict and human securitygeopolitical-conflict-human-security
Projects, programmes and infrastructure investmentproject-programme-infrastructure-investment
Risk datarisk-data
Scientific assurancescientific-assurance
08registry/nexus-standards.yaml#scopes

The twenty functional system classes

NodeDefinitionStandards
NXS-CMD (Integrated posture and executive synthesis)executive-synthesis
NXS-NST (Civilian common operating picture)common-operating-picture
NXS-DSS (Decision cases and deliberation)decision-support
NXS-COR (Compute, nodes and runtimes)compute-runtime
NXS-NXQ (Software, models and capability lifecycle)software-model-lifecycle
NXS-GRX (Canonical data, provenance and risk)risk-data-provenance
NXS-EOP (Earth observation and digital twins)earth-observation-twins
NXS-EWS (Multi-hazard monitoring and warning)monitoring-warning
NXS-AAP (Anticipatory action and triggers)anticipatory-action
NXS-NET (Network topology and continuity)network-continuity
NXS-OPS (Instruments, sensors and calibration)instruments-sensing
NXS-SIG (Signal, spectrum, timing and PNT)signal-timing-pnt
NXS-NSF (Trust, authorization and assurance)trust-assurance
NXS-HUB (Knowledge, records and learning)knowledge-records
NXS-STU (Composition, dashboards and workflows)composition-workflow
NXS-FAC (Blueprints, builds and signing)build-signing
NXS-APP (Application catalogue and lifecycle)application-lifecycle
NXS-RLS (Participants, agreements and handoffs)participation-agreements
NXS-POR (Public, client and partner delivery)public-delivery
NXS-LAB (Research, experiments and simulations)research-simulation
09universe.platforms

Nexus Universe platforms

NodeDefinitionStandards
Asset Management Nexusasset-management-nexus
Banking Nexusbanking-nexus
Biodiversity Nexusbiodiversity-nexus
Capital Markets Nexuscapital-markets-nexus
Capital Nexuscapital-nexus
Development Finance Nexusdevelopment-finance-nexus
Diplomacy Nexusdiplomacy-nexus
Energy Nexusenergy-nexus
Financial Regulation Nexusfinancial-regulation-nexus
Fintech Nexusfintech-nexus
Food Nexusfood-nexus
Foresight Nexusforesight-nexus
Governance Nexusgovernance-nexus
Health Nexushealth-nexus
Innovation Nexusinnovation-nexus
Institutional Funds Nexusinstitutional-funds-nexus
Insurance Nexusinsurance-nexus
Nexus Agencynexus-agency
Nexus Campaignsnexus-campaigns
Nexus Labsnexus-labs
Nexus Registrynexus-registry
Nexus Reportsnexus-reports
Policy Nexuspolicy-nexus
Private Equity Nexusprivate-equity-nexus
Research Nexusresearch-nexus
Sovereign Capital Nexussovereign-capital-nexus
Water Nexuswater-nexus
10universe.domain-packs

Universe applied domain packs

NodeDefinitionStandards
Aviationaviation
Maritimemaritime
Railrail
Roads mobilityroads-mobility
Transport logisticstransport-logistics
Ports trade corridorsports-trade-corridors
Cities urbancities-urban
Buildings housingbuildings-housing
Data centersdata-centers
Semiconductorssemiconductors
Telecom digital infrastructuretelecom-digital-infrastructure
Space satellitespace-satellite
Mining critical mineralsmining-critical-minerals
Manufacturing industrialmanufacturing-industrial
Chemicals processchemicals-process
Waste circular economywaste-circular-economy
Forests landforests-land
Oceans coastaloceans-coastal
Fisheries blue economyfisheries-blue-economy
Climate adaptationclimate-adaptation
Climate mitigation carbonclimate-mitigation-carbon
Disaster risk resiliencedisaster-risk-resilience
Humanitarian crisishumanitarian-crisis
Education workforceeducation-workforce
Digital governmentdigital-government
Public finance fiscal riskpublic-finance-fiscal-risk
Biotechnology bioeconomybiotechnology-bioeconomy
Quantum ecosystemquantum-ecosystem
Robotics autonomyrobotics-autonomy
Ai national adoptionai-national-adoption
Cyber national resiliencecyber-national-resilience
Nuclear fusionnuclear-fusion
Hydrogen storagehydrogen-storage
Agriculture ruralagriculture-rural
Health infrastructurehealth-infrastructure
Critical infrastructurecritical-infrastructure
Research infrastructureresearch-infrastructure
Supply chain tradesupply-chain-trade
Community local resiliencecommunity-local-resilience
Islands small statesislands-small-states
Arctic polararctic-polar
Cross border basinscross-border-basins
Industrial decarbonizationindustrial-decarbonization
Construction infrastructure deliveryconstruction-infrastructure-delivery
Emergency communicationsemergency-communications
Food supply chainsfood-supply-chains
Pharmaceutical medical supplypharmaceutical-medical-supply
Financial system resiliencefinancial-system-resilience
Nature finance projectsnature-finance-projects
Sovereign compute ai infrastructuresovereign-compute-ai-infrastructure
11nxv.programme.spine#PILLARS

Programme pillars

Propose a change to the taxonomy

The taxonomy is a proposal under the standards development process.