NXS-GRX · TH-04 · Thematic series
Disaster Risk Intelligence (DRI)
Signals, observations, event streams, geospatial layers and scenario packs turned into structured risk intelligence for preparedness and planning.
Page GRX-SER-TH-04Edition Baseline Edition 2026Evidence close 2026-09-30Subject NXS-GRX mechanismValues not yet publishedSnapshot 31a753f76
FIG 1 · Series at a glance
Domain indices
5
Climate physical hazard · Climate transition exposure · Multi-hazard exposure · Health security risk
Indicators
180
4 index domains
Hazard families
58
Atmosphere and weather · Water systems · Solid Earth
Methods
106
Hazard science · Scientific assurance
5
domain indices
180
indicators in scope
6
hazard domains
5
client groups
01Scope
Scope and questions
This thematic series comes from the NXS-GRX (canonical data, provenance and risk) mechanism (Nexus, DRR, DRF and DRI architecture).
- What changed this week?
- Where are compound events forming?
- Which signals need review by competent authorities?
02Construction
Domain indices to the series index
The series index is the expert-weighted geometric mean of its domain indices, with the intervals and class rule of the methodology.
computation
How the Disaster Risk Intelligence (DRI) index is builtGraph
01Domain indices
02Series index
03Readings
100%
List
- Climate physical hazardDomain index · IDX · CLI0-10 index of physical climate hazard combining chronic change, observed extremes and projected change (projection sub-index taken at SSP2-4.5, 2041-2060 by default, with other scenarios as alternative runs).
- Climate transition exposureDomain index · IDX · CLI0-10 index of an economy's exposure to a low-carbon transition, combining transition exposure (fossil rents, fuel exports, subsidies) and emissions intensity (per capita and per unit of GDP).
- Multi-hazard exposureDomain index · IDX · HAZINFORM-style 0-10 index of natural-hazard exposure: the geophysical, flood and coastal, storm and climatological sub-indices plus the multi-hazard population share, combined by a geometric mean of complements (10 minus each score) so that one severe hazard is not averaged away.
- Health security riskDomain index · IDX · HLTINFORM-style aggregation, on 0 to 10, of epidemic and AMR hazard, disease burden and undernutrition against health-system and IHR capacity, each component oriented by its own polarity.
- Conflict riskDomain index · IDX · CONMazziotta-Pareto aggregation, on 0 to 10, of conflict intensity, civilian harm, societal insecurity and external fragility assessments.
- Disaster Risk Intelligence (DRI) indexSeries index · SERIES · TH-04Signals, observations, event streams, geospatial layers and scenario packs turned into structured risk intelligence for preparedness and planning.
- Country readingsOutput · OUTPUT · 195 profilesPublished with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
- Regional readingsOutput · OUTPUT · 5 regionsPublished with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
- Global readingOutput · OUTPUT · population or exposure weightedPublished with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
Not runIn progressDone
03Indices
Domain indices in this series
NXS-GRX · TH-04 · 195 profiles · 0–10 scale
Disaster Risk Intelligence (DRI) index, world
—
Values publish with the edition; the interval, class and change appear here.
| Index | Value | Change | Change % | 90% interval | Class · probability | Trend | Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate physical hazardNXS-GRX · CLI | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| Climate transition exposureNXS-GRX · CLI | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| Multi-hazard exposureNXS-GRX · HAZ | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| Health security riskNXS-GRX · HLT | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| Conflict riskNXS-GRX · CON | — | — | — | — | — |
Domains read: Hazard and exposure, Climate, Conflict and security, Health.
04Indicators
180 indicators in scope
Every indicator whose primary or secondary domain is in scope, with unit, levels and crosswalks to source code lists.
FIG 3 · Indicators in scope, by domain and sub-domain
| Indicator | Domain | Sub-domain | Component | Unit | Levels | Crosswalks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Expected annual fiscal cost of disasters, share of GDPIND.FIS.contingent.disaster_fiscal_cost.gdp | FIS | Contingent liabilities | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | |
| Natural-catastrophe protection gapIND.FIN.nbfi.nat_cat_protection_gap | FIN | Non-bank financial intermediation | vulnerability | % | REGION, COUNTRY | |
| Bank exposure to carbon-intensive sectorsIND.FIN.climate_finance.carbon_intensive_exposure | FIN | Climate-related financial exposure | exposure | % | COUNTRY | |
| Bank lending exposed to high physical climate riskIND.FIN.climate_finance.physical_risk_lending | FIN | Climate-related financial exposure | exposure | % | COUNTRY | |
| Seaborne trade exposed to maritime chokepointsIND.ECO.supply_chain.chokepoint_exposure | ECO | Supply-chain exposure | exposure | % | COUNTRY | |
| Surface warming since pre-industrialIND.CLI.physical_chronic.warming_since_preindustrial | CLI | Chronic physical change | hazard | K | GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | FAO_FAOSTAT ET |
| Change in annual precipitationIND.CLI.physical_chronic.precipitation_change | CLI | Chronic physical change | hazard | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
| Relative sea-level rise rateIND.CLI.physical_chronic.relative_sea_level_trend | CLI | Chronic physical change | hazard | mm/a | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 EN0402 |
| Hottest day of the year (TXx)IND.CLI.physical_acute.txx | CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | Cel | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | |
| Share of warm days (TX90p)IND.CLI.physical_acute.tx90p | CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
| Change in very hot days (35 °C or more)IND.CLI.physical_acute.hot_days_change | CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | d/a | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | |
| Warm spell duration (WSDI)IND.CLI.physical_acute.warm_spell_duration | CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | d/a | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
| Wettest day of the year (Rx1day)IND.CLI.physical_acute.rx1day | CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | mm | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | |
| Wettest five days of the year (Rx5day)IND.CLI.physical_acute.rx5day | CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | mm | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
| Precipitation from very wet days (R95pTOT)IND.CLI.physical_acute.very_wet_day_share | CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
| Longest dry spell (CDD)IND.CLI.physical_acute.consecutive_dry_days | CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | d | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
| Assets vulnerable to climate-related physical risks, shareIND.CLI.physical_acute.physical_risk_vulnerable_assets.share | CLI | Acute climate extremes | exposure | % | SITE, PORTFOLIO | IFRS_S2 29(c) |
| Projected warming since pre-industrialIND.CLI.projection.projected_warming | CLI | Scenario projections | hazard | K | GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
| Projected change in hottest-day temperatureIND.CLI.projection.projected_txx_change | CLI | Scenario projections | hazard | K | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
| Projected change in wettest five-day precipitationIND.CLI.projection.projected_rx5day_change | CLI | Scenario projections | hazard | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
| Projected relative sea-level riseIND.CLI.projection.projected_sea_level_rise | CLI | Scenario projections | hazard | m | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE | |
| Population below the future 100-year coastal flood level, shareIND.CLI.projection.slr_coastal_population_exposed.share | CLI | Scenario projections | exposure | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | WB_WDI EN.POP.EL5M.ZS |
| Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCFIND.CLI.emissions.ghg_total | CLI | Emissions | exposure | Mt/a | COUNTRY | WB_WDI EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5 SDG 13.2.2 |
| Greenhouse gas emissions per capitaIND.CLI.emissions.ghg_per_capita | CLI | Emissions | exposure | t/a/{person} | COUNTRY | WB_WDI EN.GHG.ALL.PC.CE.AR5 EPI GHP |
| Carbon intensity of GDPIND.CLI.emissions.carbon_intensity_gdp | CLI | Emissions | exposure | kg/[USD] | COUNTRY | WB_WDI EN.GHG.CO2.RT.GDP.KD SDG 9.4.1 |
| Financed emissions of a portfolioIND.CLI.emissions.financed_emissions | CLI | Emissions | exposure | Mt/a | PORTFOLIO | IFRS_S2 29(a)(vi) |
| Fossil-fuel rents, share of GDPIND.CLI.transition.fossil_fuel_rents.gdp | CLI | Transition exposure | exposure | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI NY.GDP.PETR.RT.ZS WB_WDI NY.GDP.NGAS.RT.ZS WB_WDI NY.GDP.COAL.RT.ZS |
| Fuel exports, share of merchandise exportsIND.CLI.transition.fossil_fuel_exports.share | CLI | Transition exposure | exposure | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI TX.VAL.FUEL.ZS.UN |
| Explicit fossil-fuel subsidies, share of GDPIND.CLI.transition.fossil_fuel_subsidies.gdp | CLI | Transition exposure | exposure | % | COUNTRY | |
| Assets vulnerable to climate-related transition risks, shareIND.CLI.transition.transition_risk_vulnerable_assets.share | CLI | Transition exposure | exposure | % | PORTFOLIO | IFRS_S2 29(b) |
| NDC 2030 economy-wide emissions targetIND.CLI.transition.ndc_target_ambition | CLI | Transition exposure | response | % | COUNTRY | SDG 13.2.1 |
| National adaptation plan submittedIND.CLI.adaptation.nap_submitted | CLI | Adaptation readiness | adaptive capacity | {bool} | COUNTRY | SDG 13.2.1 |
| Economic readiness for adaptation investmentIND.CLI.adaptation.economic_readiness | CLI | Adaptation readiness | adaptive capacity | {score} | COUNTRY | ND_GAIN economic |
| Governance readiness for adaptationIND.CLI.adaptation.governance_readiness | CLI | Adaptation readiness | adaptive capacity | {score} | COUNTRY | ND_GAIN governance |
| Social readiness for adaptationIND.CLI.adaptation.social_readiness | CLI | Adaptation readiness | adaptive capacity | {score} | COUNTRY | ND_GAIN social |
| International adaptation finance received per capitaIND.CLI.adaptation.adaptation_finance_received.pc | CLI | Adaptation readiness | adaptive capacity | [USD] | COUNTRY | |
| Population exposed to two or more major hazards, shareIND.HAZ.multi.multi_hazard_exposure.share | HAZ | Multi-hazard | exposure | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | INFORM HA.NAT |
| Multi-hazard average annual loss, share of GDPIND.HAZ.multi.aal.gdp | HAZ | Multi-hazard | impact | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, PORTFOLIO | |
| Multi-hazard average annual loss, share of produced capital stockIND.HAZ.multi.aal.capital_stock | HAZ | Multi-hazard | impact | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, PORTFOLIO | |
| Probable maximum loss at 250-year return period, share of GDPIND.HAZ.multi.pml_rp250.gdp | HAZ | Multi-hazard | impact | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, PORTFOLIO | |
| Peak ground acceleration at 475-year return periodIND.HAZ.seismic.pga_rp475 | HAZ | Seismic and volcanic | hazard | [g] | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 GH0101 INFORM HA.NAT.EQ |
| People exposed to strong earthquake shaking, annual averageIND.HAZ.seismic.eq_population_exposed | HAZ | Seismic and volcanic | exposure | {persons} | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | INFORM EX_EQ_MMI8 |
| People exposed to strong earthquake shaking, share of populationIND.HAZ.seismic.eq_population_exposed.share | HAZ | Seismic and volcanic | exposure | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | |
| Earthquake average annual loss, share of GDPIND.HAZ.seismic.eq_aal.gdp | HAZ | Seismic and volcanic | impact | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, PORTFOLIO | |
| Population within 30 km of a Holocene volcanoIND.HAZ.seismic.volcano_population_30km | HAZ | Seismic and volcanic | exposure | {persons} | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 GH0203 |
| Probability of damaging volcanic ash fall in 100 yearsIND.HAZ.seismic.ash_fall_probability | HAZ | Seismic and volcanic | hazard | 1 | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 GH0202 EMDAT nat-geo-vol-ash |
| Extreme still-water sea level at 100-year return periodIND.HAZ.coastal.extreme_sea_level_rp100 | HAZ | Coastal and sea level | hazard | m | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0703 EMDAT nat-met-sto-sur |
| Population in the 100-year coastal floodplain, shareIND.HAZ.coastal.coastal_flood_population_exposed.share | HAZ | Coastal and sea level | exposure | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | INFORM EX_CFL UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0601 |
| Population below 5 m elevation, shareIND.HAZ.coastal.low_elevation_population.share | HAZ | Coastal and sea level | exposure | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | WB_WDI EN.POP.EL5M.ZS |
| Tsunami maximum inundation height at 500-year return periodIND.HAZ.coastal.tsunami_inundation_rp500 | HAZ | Coastal and sea level | hazard | m | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0705 INFORM HA.NAT.TS |
| Population exposed to tsunami, shareIND.HAZ.coastal.tsunami_population_exposed.share | HAZ | Coastal and sea level | exposure | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | INFORM EX_TS EMDAT nat-geo-ear-tsu |
| Fluvial flood depth at 100-year return periodIND.HAZ.flood.river_flood_depth_rp100 | HAZ | Flood | hazard | m | ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID, SITE | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0604 EMDAT nat-hyd-flo-riv |
| Pluvial and flash flood depth at 100-year return periodIND.HAZ.flood.pluvial_flood_depth_rp100 | HAZ | Flood | hazard | m | ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID, SITE | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0603 UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0606 EMDAT nat-hyd-flo-fla |
| People exposed to river flooding, annual averageIND.HAZ.flood.flood_population_exposed | HAZ | Flood | exposure | {persons} | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY | INFORM EX_FL INFORM HA.NAT.FL |
| People exposed to river flooding, share of populationIND.HAZ.flood.flood_population_exposed.share | HAZ | Flood | exposure | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY | |
| Flood protection design standardIND.HAZ.flood.flood_protection_standard | HAZ | Flood | coping capacity | a | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE | |
| River flood average annual loss, share of GDPIND.HAZ.flood.flood_aal.gdp | HAZ | Flood | impact | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, PORTFOLIO | |
| Tropical cyclone wind speed at 100-year return periodIND.HAZ.storm.tc_wind_rp100 | HAZ | Tropical and severe storms | hazard | m/s | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0309 INFORM HA.NAT.TC |
| Annual probability of category 1 or stronger cyclone windIND.HAZ.storm.tc_cat1_probability | HAZ | Tropical and severe storms | hazard | 1 | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE | |
| People exposed to category 1 cyclone wind, annual averageIND.HAZ.storm.tc_population_exposed | HAZ | Tropical and severe storms | exposure | {persons} | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | INFORM EX_TC_SS1 |
| People exposed to category 1 cyclone wind, share of populationIND.HAZ.storm.tc_population_exposed.share | HAZ | Tropical and severe storms | exposure | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | |
| Tropical cyclone average annual loss, share of GDPIND.HAZ.storm.tc_aal.gdp | HAZ | Tropical and severe storms | impact | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, PORTFOLIO | |
| Large-hail days per yearIND.HAZ.storm.large_hail_days | HAZ | Tropical and severe storms | hazard | d/a | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID, SITE | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0404 EMDAT nat-met-sto-hai |
| Days with severe-thunderstorm environmentsIND.HAZ.storm.severe_convective_days | HAZ | Tropical and severe storms | hazard | d/a | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0103 EMDAT nat-met-sto-sev |
| Frequency of severe meteorological droughtIND.HAZ.drought.spei_drought_frequency | HAZ | Drought | hazard | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0401 INFORM HA.NAT.DR |
| Frequency of agricultural drought stressIND.HAZ.drought.agricultural_stress_frequency | HAZ | Drought | hazard | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | INFORM ASI |
| People affected by drought, annual average shareIND.HAZ.drought.drought_affected.share | HAZ | Drought | impact | % | COUNTRY | INFORM AFF_DR EMDAT nat-cli-dro-dro |
| Days of dangerous humid heat per yearIND.HAZ.heat.dangerous_heat_days | HAZ | Extreme heat | hazard | d/a | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0501 |
| Heatwave exposure events per personIND.HAZ.heat.heatwave_person_days | HAZ | Extreme heat | exposure | d/a | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | |
| Population exposed to extreme heat, shareIND.HAZ.heat.heat_population_exposed.share | HAZ | Extreme heat | exposure | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | |
| Extreme fire-weather days per yearIND.HAZ.wildfire.extreme_fire_weather_days | HAZ | Wildfire | hazard | d/a | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
| Annual burned area, share of land areaIND.HAZ.wildfire.burned_area.share | HAZ | Wildfire | hazard | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 EN0205 EMDAT nat-cli-wil-wil |
| Population in the wildland-urban interface, shareIND.HAZ.wildfire.wui_population.share | HAZ | Wildfire | exposure | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | |
| Population in high landslide susceptibility zones, shareIND.HAZ.landslide.landslide_susceptible_population.share | HAZ | Landslide | exposure | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 GH0300 |
| Fatal landslide deaths per 100,000, annual averageIND.HAZ.landslide.fatal_landslide_rate | HAZ | Landslide | impact | /10*5 | COUNTRY, ADM1 | EMDAT nat-hyd-mmw-lan |
| Population near major-hazard industrial sites, shareIND.HAZ.technological.major_hazard_site_population.share | HAZ | Technological | exposure | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 TL0304 UNDRR_HIPS_2025 TL0309 |
| Population within 30 km of an operating nuclear reactorIND.HAZ.technological.nuclear_population_30km | HAZ | Technological | exposure | {persons} | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 TL0208 |
| Industrial accident deaths per 100,000, annual averageIND.HAZ.technological.industrial_accident_deaths | HAZ | Technological | impact | /10*5 | COUNTRY | EMDAT tec-ind-ind-ind |
| Built-up surface areaIND.HAZ.exposure.built_up_area | HAZ | Exposure | context | km2 | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
| Produced capital stockIND.HAZ.exposure.capital_stock | HAZ | Exposure | context | [USD] | COUNTRY, ADM1, PORTFOLIO | |
| Built-up area in high-hazard zonesIND.HAZ.exposure.built_up_exposed | HAZ | Exposure | exposure | km2 | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
| Built-up area in high-hazard zones, shareIND.HAZ.exposure.built_up_exposed.share | HAZ | Exposure | exposure | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY | |
| GDP generated in high-hazard zones, shareIND.HAZ.exposure.gdp_exposed.share | HAZ | Exposure | exposure | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | |
| Disaster deaths and missing persons per 100,000IND.HAZ.loss.deaths_missing_rate | HAZ | Losses and impacts | impact | /10*5 | COUNTRY, ADM1 | SENDAI A-1 SDG 1.5.1 |
| People directly affected by disasters per 100,000IND.HAZ.loss.directly_affected_rate | HAZ | Losses and impacts | impact | /10*5 | COUNTRY, ADM1 | SENDAI B-1 SDG 1.5.1 |
| Direct economic loss from disasters, share of GDPIND.HAZ.loss.direct_economic_loss.gdp | HAZ | Losses and impacts | impact | % | COUNTRY, ADM1 | SENDAI C-1 SDG 1.5.2 |
| Recorded disaster deaths per 100,000, 30-year averageIND.HAZ.loss.recorded_disaster_deaths | HAZ | Losses and impacts | impact | /10*5 | COUNTRY, ADM1 | EMDAT Total Deaths |
| Recorded people affected by disasters per 100,000, 30-year averageIND.HAZ.loss.recorded_disaster_affected | HAZ | Losses and impacts | impact | /10*5 | COUNTRY, ADM1 | EMDAT Total Affected |
| Recorded disaster damage, share of GDP, 30-year averageIND.HAZ.loss.recorded_disaster_damage.gdp | HAZ | Losses and impacts | impact | % | COUNTRY | EMDAT Total Damage, Adjusted ('000 US$) |
| PM2.5 exposure, population-weighted meanIND.ENV.air.pm25_exposure | ENV | Air quality | hazard | ug/m3 | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | WB_WDI EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3 SDG 11.6.2 EPI PMD |
| Population exposed above the WHO PM2.5 guideline, shareIND.ENV.air.pm25_guideline_exceedance.share | ENV | Air quality | exposure | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | WB_WDI EN.ATM.PM25.MC.ZS |
| Seasonal peak ozone exposureIND.ENV.air.ozone_exposure | ENV | Air quality | hazard | [ppb] | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | |
| Annual tree cover loss rateIND.ENV.land.tree_cover_loss.share | ENV | Land and forests | hazard | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRID | EPI TCL |
| Marine heatwave days per yearIND.ENV.ocean.marine_heatwave_days | ENV | Ocean | hazard | d/a | COUNTRY, REGION, GRID | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0708 |
| Population using safely managed drinking waterIND.WAT.access.safely_managed_drinking_water.share | WAT | Drinking water and sanitation | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | SDG 6.1.1 WB_WDI SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS EPI UWD |
| Population using at least basic drinking waterIND.WAT.access.basic_drinking_water.share | WAT | Drinking water and sanitation | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY, ADM1 | WB_WDI SH.H2O.BASW.ZS |
| Population using safely managed sanitationIND.WAT.access.safely_managed_sanitation.share | WAT | Drinking water and sanitation | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | WB_WDI SH.STA.SMSS.ZS SDG 6.2.1 EPI USD |
| Population with basic hand-washing facilitiesIND.WAT.access.basic_handwashing.share | WAT | Drinking water and sanitation | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY, ADM1 | WB_WDI SH.STA.HYGN.ZS SDG 6.2.1 |
| Dependency ratio on external renewable waterIND.WAT.dependence.external_water_dependency | WAT | Transboundary dependence | exposure | % | COUNTRY | |
| Under-five mortality rateIND.HLT.burden.under5_mortality | HLT | Disease burden and mortality | vulnerability | /10*3 | COUNTRY | WB_WDI SH.DYN.MORT SDG 3.2.1 WHO_GHO MDG_0000000007 |
| Neonatal mortality rateIND.HLT.burden.neonatal_mortality | HLT | Disease burden and mortality | vulnerability | /10*3 | COUNTRY | WB_WDI SH.DYN.NMRT SDG 3.2.2 |
| Maternal mortality ratioIND.HLT.burden.maternal_mortality | HLT | Disease burden and mortality | vulnerability | /10*5 | COUNTRY | WB_WDI SH.STA.MMRT SDG 3.1.1 WHO_GHO MDG_0000000026 |
| Life expectancy at birthIND.HLT.burden.life_expectancy | HLT | Disease burden and mortality | vulnerability | a | COUNTRY | WB_WDI SP.DYN.LE00.IN WHO_GHO WHOSIS_000001 |
| Premature mortality from major non-communicable diseasesIND.HLT.burden.ncd_premature_mortality | HLT | Disease burden and mortality | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI SH.DYN.NCOM.ZS SDG 3.4.1 WHO_GHO NCDMORT3070 |
| Tuberculosis incidenceIND.HLT.burden.tb_incidence | HLT | Disease burden and mortality | hazard | /10*5 | COUNTRY | WB_WDI SH.TBS.INCD SDG 3.3.2 WHO_GHO MDG_0000000020 |
| Malaria incidenceIND.HLT.burden.malaria_incidence | HLT | Disease burden and mortality | hazard | /10*3 | COUNTRY | WB_WDI SH.MLR.INCD.P3 SDG 3.3.3 WHO_GHO SDGMALARIA |
| HIV incidenceIND.HLT.burden.hiv_incidence | HLT | Disease burden and mortality | hazard | /10*3 | COUNTRY | WB_WDI SH.HIV.INCD.TL.P3 SDG 3.3.1 WHO_GHO SDGHIV WB_WDI SH.HIV.INCD.ZS |
| Medical doctors per 1,000 populationIND.HLT.system.physician_density | HLT | Health system capacity | coping capacity | /10*3 | COUNTRY | WB_WDI SH.MED.PHYS.ZS WHO_GHO HWF_0001 SDG 3.c.1 |
| Nurses and midwives per 1,000 populationIND.HLT.system.nurse_midwife_density | HLT | Health system capacity | coping capacity | /10*3 | COUNTRY | WB_WDI SH.MED.NUMW.P3 WHO_GHO HWF_0006 SDG 3.c.1 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 populationIND.HLT.system.hospital_beds | HLT | Health system capacity | coping capacity | /10*3 | COUNTRY | WB_WDI SH.MED.BEDS.ZS WHO_GHO WHS6_102 |
| UHC service coverage indexIND.HLT.system.uhc_service_coverage | HLT | Health system capacity | coping capacity | {score} | COUNTRY | SDG 3.8.1 WHO_GHO UHC_INDEX_REPORTED WB_WDI SH.UHC.SRVS.CV.XD |
| Population with catastrophic out-of-pocket health spendingIND.HLT.system.catastrophic_oop | HLT | Health system capacity | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | SDG 3.8.2 WB_WDI SH.UHC.OOPC.10.ZS |
| Out-of-pocket spending, share of current health expenditureIND.HLT.system.oop_share | HLT | Health system capacity | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI SH.XPD.OOPC.CH.ZS WHO_GHO GHED_OOPSCHE_SHA2011 |
| Current health expenditure, share of GDPIND.HLT.system.health_expenditure.gdp | HLT | Health system capacity | coping capacity | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS |
| DTP3 immunisation coverageIND.HLT.system.dtp3_coverage | HLT | Health system capacity | coping capacity | % | COUNTRY | WHO_GHO WHS4_100 WB_WDI SH.IMM.IDPT SDG 3.b.1 |
| Second-dose measles immunisation coverageIND.HLT.system.mcv2_coverage | HLT | Health system capacity | coping capacity | % | COUNTRY | WHO_GHO MCV2 WB_WDI SH.IMM.MEA2 SDG 3.b.1 |
| Births attended by skilled health personnelIND.HLT.system.skilled_birth_attendance | HLT | Health system capacity | coping capacity | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI SH.STA.BRTC.ZS SDG 3.1.2 |
| Travel time to the nearest health facilityIND.HLT.system.health_facility_travel_time | HLT | Health system capacity | vulnerability | min | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
| IHR core capacity score (SPAR)IND.HLT.security.spar_capacity | HLT | Health security (IHR) | coping capacity | {score} | COUNTRY | SDG 3.d.1 WHO_GHO SDGIHR2021 WHO_GHO SDGIHR2018 |
| IHR laboratory capacity (SPAR C4)IND.HLT.security.spar_laboratory | HLT | Health security (IHR) | coping capacity | {score} | COUNTRY | SPAR C4 WHO_GHO IHRSPAR2_C04 JEE D1 |
| IHR surveillance capacity (SPAR C5)IND.HLT.security.spar_surveillance | HLT | Health security (IHR) | coping capacity | {score} | COUNTRY | SPAR C5 WHO_GHO IHRSPAR2_C05 JEE D2 |
| IHR health emergency management capacity (SPAR C7)IND.HLT.security.spar_emergency_management | HLT | Health security (IHR) | coping capacity | {score} | COUNTRY | SPAR C7 WHO_GHO IHRSPAR2_C07 JEE R1 |
| IHR risk communication capacity (SPAR C10)IND.HLT.security.spar_risk_communication | HLT | Health security (IHR) | coping capacity | {score} | COUNTRY | SPAR C10 WHO_GHO IHRSPAR2_C10 JEE R5 |
| Epidemic event frequencyIND.HLT.epidemic.outbreak_event_frequency | HLT | Epidemic and outbreak | hazard | 1 | COUNTRY, ADM1 | |
| Reported cholera cases, per 100,000 populationIND.HLT.epidemic.cholera_cases.p100k | HLT | Epidemic and outbreak | hazard | /10*5 | COUNTRY | WHO_GHO CHOLERA_0000000001 |
| Bloodstream infections due to MRSAIND.HLT.amr.mrsa_bloodstream | HLT | Antimicrobial resistance | hazard | % | COUNTRY | WHO_GHO AMR_INFECT_MRSA SDG 3.d.2 |
| Bloodstream infections due to E. coli resistant to third-generation cephalosporinsIND.HLT.amr.ecoli_3gc_bloodstream | HLT | Antimicrobial resistance | hazard | % | COUNTRY | WHO_GHO AMR_INFECT_ECOLI SDG 3.d.2 |
| Stunting among children under fiveIND.HLT.nutrition.stunting | HLT | Nutrition | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI SH.STA.STNT.ME.ZS SDG 2.2.1 WHO_GHO NUTSTUNTINGPREV FAO_FAOSTAT 21025 |
| Wasting among children under fiveIND.HLT.nutrition.wasting | HLT | Nutrition | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY, ADM1 | WB_WDI SH.STA.WAST.ZS SDG 2.2.2 WHO_GHO NUTRITION_WH_2 FAO_FAOSTAT 21026 |
| Anaemia among women of reproductive ageIND.HLT.nutrition.anaemia_women | HLT | Nutrition | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI SH.ANM.ALLW.ZS WHO_GHO NUTRITION_ANAEMIA_REPRODUCTIVEAGE_PREV SDG 2.2.3 FAO_FAOSTAT 21043 |
| Agriculture, forestry and fishing value added, share of GDPIND.FOO.agriculture.agri_value_added.gdp | FOO | Agricultural production and dependence | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS |
| Employment in agriculture, share of total employmentIND.FOO.agriculture.agri_employment_share | FOO | Agricultural production and dependence | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS |
| Cereal yield variability (15-year)IND.FOO.agriculture.cereal_yield_variability | FOO | Agricultural production and dependence | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | |
| Vegetation Health Index on croplandIND.FOO.agriculture.vegetation_health_index | FOO | Agricultural production and dependence | hazard | {score} | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRID | |
| Youth not in employment, education or trainingIND.SOC.protection.youth_neet | SOC | Social protection | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI SL.UEM.NEET.ZS SDG 8.6.1 ILO SDG_0861_SEX_RT |
| Population aged 65 and over, share of totalIND.DEM.structure.share_65plus | DEM | Age structure | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS |
| Refugees by country of originIND.DEM.displacement.refugees_origin | DEM | Forced displacement | impact | {persons} | COUNTRY | UNHCR REF WB_WDI SM.POP.REFG.OR |
| Refugees by country of origin, per 100,000 populationIND.DEM.displacement.refugees_origin.p100k | DEM | Forced displacement | impact | /10*5 | COUNTRY | SDG 10.7.4 |
| Internally displaced people, conflict and violence (stock)IND.DEM.displacement.idp_conflict | DEM | Forced displacement | impact | {persons} | COUNTRY, ADM1 | IDMC conflict_total_displacement WB_WDI VC.IDP.TOCV UNHCR IDP |
| Internally displaced people, disasters (stock)IND.DEM.displacement.idp_disaster | DEM | Forced displacement | impact | {persons} | COUNTRY, ADM1 | IDMC disaster_total_displacement |
| Internally displaced people, per 100,000 populationIND.DEM.displacement.idp_total.p100k | DEM | Forced displacement | impact | /10*5 | COUNTRY | |
| New internal displacements, conflict and violenceIND.DEM.displacement.new_displacement_conflict | DEM | Forced displacement | impact | 1 | COUNTRY, ADM1 | IDMC conflict_new_displacement WB_WDI VC.IDP.NWCV |
| New internal displacements, disastersIND.DEM.displacement.new_displacement_disaster | DEM | Forced displacement | impact | 1 | COUNTRY, ADM1 | IDMC disaster_new_displacement WB_WDI VC.IDP.NWDS |
| New internal displacements, per 100,000 populationIND.DEM.displacement.new_displacement.p100k | DEM | Forced displacement | impact | /10*5 | COUNTRY | |
| Reported fatalities from organised political violenceIND.CON.violence.conflict_fatalities | CON | Organised violence | hazard | 1 | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRID | ACLED fatalities |
| Conflict fatalities per 100,000 populationIND.CON.violence.conflict_fatalities.p100k | CON | Organised violence | hazard | /10*5 | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2 | SDG 16.1.2 |
| Battle-related deaths (UCDP)IND.CON.violence.battle_related_deaths | CON | Organised violence | hazard | {persons} | COUNTRY | WB_WDI VC.BTL.DETH |
| Political violence eventsIND.CON.violence.political_violence_events | CON | Organised violence | hazard | 1 | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRID | ACLED Political violence |
| Armed conflict eventsIND.CON.violence.armed_conflict_events | CON | Organised violence | hazard | 1 | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRID | ACLED Battles ACLED Explosions/Remote violence |
| Geographic diffusion of conflictIND.CON.violence.conflict_diffusion | CON | Organised violence | exposure | % | COUNTRY | ACLED Diffusion |
| Fragmentation of armed actorsIND.CON.violence.armed_group_fragmentation | CON | Organised violence | hazard | 1 | COUNTRY | ACLED Fragmentation |
| Intentional homicide rateIND.CON.violence.homicide_rate | CON | Organised violence | hazard | /10*5 | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | WB_WDI VC.IHR.PSRC.P5 SDG 16.1.1 |
| Military expenditure, share of GDPIND.CON.violence.military_expenditure.gdp | CON | Organised violence | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS |
| Armed forces personnel, share of labour forceIND.CON.violence.armed_forces_share | CON | Organised violence | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI MS.MIL.TOTL.TF.ZS |
| Events targeting civiliansIND.CON.civilian.civilian_targeting_events | CON | Civilian harm | hazard | 1 | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRID | ACLED civilian_targeting ACLED Violence against civilians |
| Civilian fatalities from targeted violence, per 100,000 populationIND.CON.civilian.civilian_fatalities.p100k | CON | Civilian harm | impact | /10*5 | COUNTRY, ADM1 | ACLED Danger |
| Attacks on health careIND.CON.civilian.attacks_on_health_care | CON | Civilian harm | impact | 1 | COUNTRY | |
| Casualties from landmines and explosive remnants of warIND.CON.civilian.explosive_ordnance_casualties | CON | Civilian harm | impact | {persons} | COUNTRY | |
| Riots and violent demonstrationsIND.CON.peace.riot_events | CON | Peacefulness | hazard | 1 | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | ACLED Riots |
| Global Peace Index overall score (IEP)IND.CON.peace.gpi_score | CON | Peacefulness | vulnerability | {score} | COUNTRY | GPI Overall Score |
| Global Peace Index ongoing conflict domain score (IEP)IND.CON.peace.gpi_ongoing_conflict | CON | Peacefulness | hazard | {score} | COUNTRY | GPI Ongoing Domestic and International Conflict |
| OECD States of Fragility classificationIND.CON.fragility.oecd_fragility_class | CON | Fragility | vulnerability | {class} | COUNTRY | OECD_FRAGILITY Fragile contexts |
| World Bank fragile and conflict-affected situation statusIND.CON.fragility.wb_fcs_status | CON | Fragility | vulnerability | {bool} | COUNTRY | |
| Political stability and absence of violence (WGI)IND.GOV.quality.political_stability | GOV | Governance quality | coping capacity | {score} | COUNTRY | WB_WGI GOV_WGI_PV.SC WB_WGI GOV_WGI_PV.EST |
| Population relying primarily on clean cooking fuels and technologiesIND.ENE.access.clean_cooking | ENE | Access | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY, ADM1 | SDG 7.1.2 WB_WDI EG.CFT.ACCS.ZS |
| Renewable share of total final energy consumptionIND.ENE.mix.renewable_share_tfec | ENE | Energy mix | adaptive capacity | % | COUNTRY | SDG 7.2.1 WB_WDI EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS |
| Primary energy intensity of GDPIND.ENE.mix.energy_intensity | ENE | Energy mix | vulnerability | MJ/[USD] | COUNTRY | SDG 7.3.1 WB_WDI EG.EGY.PRIM.PP.KD |
| Fossil share of electricity generationIND.ENE.mix.fossil_electricity_share | ENE | Energy mix | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS |
| Installed renewable generating capacity per capitaIND.ENE.mix.renewable_capacity.pc | ENE | Energy mix | adaptive capacity | W/{person} | COUNTRY | SDG 7.b.1 |
| Heating and cooling degree daysIND.ENE.reliability.thermal_demand_degree_days | ENE | Reliability | hazard | K.d/a | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | |
| Road and rail network in high-hazard zones, shareIND.INF.transport.network_exposed.share | INF | Transport | exposure | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
| Critical facilities with 72-hour back-up powerIND.INF.utilities.critical_facility_backup_power | INF | Utilities | coping capacity | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | ISO_37123 ISO 37123:2019 |
| Water supply assets in high-hazard zones, shareIND.INF.utilities.water_assets_exposed.share | INF | Utilities | exposure | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
| Power generation and grid assets in high-hazard zones, shareIND.INF.utilities.power_assets_exposed.share | INF | Utilities | exposure | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
| Lifeline facilities in high-hazard zones, shareIND.INF.utilities.lifeline_facilities_exposed.share | INF | Utilities | exposure | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
| Critical infrastructure units damaged or destroyed by disastersIND.INF.disruption.critical_infrastructure_damage | INF | Service disruption | impact | 1 | COUNTRY, ADM1 | SENDAI D-1 SDG 11.5.2 |
| Health facilities damaged or destroyed by disastersIND.INF.disruption.health_facilities_damaged | INF | Service disruption | impact | 1 | COUNTRY, ADM1 | SENDAI D-2 |
| Direct economic loss to critical infrastructure, share of GDPIND.INF.disruption.critical_infrastructure_loss.gdp | INF | Service disruption | impact | % | COUNTRY, ADM1 | SENDAI C-5 |
| Biosafety and biosecurity oversight of high-containment laboratoriesIND.TEC.bio.biosecurity_lab_oversight | TEC | Biotechnology | coping capacity | {score} | COUNTRY | |
| Population within 15 minutes of emergency servicesIND.CRS.response.emergency_service_access | CRS | Response capacity | coping capacity | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | ISO_37120 ISO 37120:2018 |
05Hazards
Hazard families this series reads
families, each crosswalked to the UNDRR–ISC Hazard Information Profiles (2025) where a profile exists.
FIG 4 · Hazard families this series reads
| Family | Domain | Hazards | Count |
|---|---|---|---|
| Convective storms | Atmosphere and weather | Thunderstorm, Lightning strike, Downburst, Tornado, Waterspout, Hail, Squall, Derecho … | 11 |
| Cyclonic storm systems | Atmosphere and weather | Tropical cyclone, Subtropical cyclone, Extratropical cyclone, Low-pressure system, Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone, Polar low, Rapid cyclone intensification, Explosive cyclogenesis | 8 |
| Damaging wind | Atmosphere and weather | Windstorm, Gale, Downslope windstorm, Clear-air turbulence | 4 |
| Precipitation extremes | Atmosphere and weather | Intense rainfall, Heavy snowfall, Snowstorm, Blizzard, Lake-effect snow band, Freezing rain, Structural icing | 7 |
| Thermal extremes | Atmosphere and weather | Heatwave, Humid heat stress, Cold wave, Livestock winter disaster, Hard freeze, Frost, Rapid thaw, Extreme night-time heat … | 9 |
| Airborne particles and low visibility | Atmosphere and weather | Fog, Dust storm, Dust haze, Haze, Smoke plume, Airborne allergen surge | 6 |
| Large-scale circulation anomalies | Atmosphere and weather | Atmospheric river, Atmospheric blocking, Tropical Pacific climate swing, Monsoon failure, Polar vortex disruption, Indian Ocean dipole event, North Atlantic pressure-seesaw extreme | 7 |
| Surface radiation extremes | Atmosphere and weather | Extreme ultraviolet exposure, Stratospheric ozone loss episode | 2 |
| Freshwater inundation | Water systems | River flood, Flash flood, Surface-water flood, Groundwater flood, Snowmelt flood, Ice-jam flood, Reservoir release flood, Natural-dam outburst flood … | 9 |
| Water deficit | Water systems | Meteorological drought, Agricultural drought, Hydrological drought, Groundwater depletion, Flash drought, Water supply shortfall, Megadrought, Lake and inland sea desiccation … | 9 |
| Coastal and sea-level hazards | Water systems | Storm surge, Storm tide, Coastal flood, Estuary flood, High-tide flooding, Tsunami, Seiche, Rogue wave … | 13 |
| Ocean-state extremes | Water systems | Marine heatwave, Ocean acidification, Marine oxygen depletion, Upper-ocean stratification increase, Marine cold spell, Lake and river heatwave | 6 |
| Water-quality degradation | Water systems | Eutrophication, Harmful algal bloom, Freshwater salinisation, Sargassum seaweed influx | 4 |
| Fault shaking and rupture | Solid Earth | Earthquake, Induced earthquake, Aftershock sequence, Fault surface rupture, Soil liquefaction, Ground fissure, Earthquake swarm | 7 |
| Eruption products and unrest | Solid Earth | Volcanic unrest, Lava flow, Volcanic ash fall, Volcanic ash cloud, Volcanic ballistic projectiles, Pyroclastic flow, Lahar, Volcanic gas and aerosol emission … | 12 |
| Slope failure and mass movement | Solid Earth | Rockfall, Topple, Slope slide, Lateral spread, Debris flow, Earthflow and mudflow, Rock avalanche, Submarine landslide … | 9 |
| Ground deformation and subsidence | Solid Earth | Land subsidence, Crustal uplift, Sinkhole, Shrink-swell soil movement, Soft-soil settlement, Ground gas seepage, Mining-induced subsidence | 7 |
| Erosion and sediment movement | Solid Earth | Soil erosion, River bank erosion, Coastal erosion, Dune encroachment, Reservoir and channel siltation, River avulsion, Delta sediment starvation | 7 |
| Seabed and deep-sea hazards | Solid Earth | Turbidity current, Submarine volcanic eruption, Seabed gas escape, Pumice raft, Deep-sea mining disturbance | 5 |
| Airborne and respiratory infection | Health and biosecurity | Respiratory pandemic, Seasonal influenza epidemic, Zoonotic influenza spillover, Coronavirus outbreak, Tuberculosis surge, Bacterial meningitis outbreak | 6 |
| Vaccine-preventable outbreaks | Health and biosecurity | Measles outbreak, Polio outbreak, Diphtheria and whooping cough outbreak, Other vaccine-preventable outbreak | 4 |
| Faecal-oral and foodborne infection | Health and biosecurity | Cholera outbreak, Typhoid and paratyphoid fever, Shigellosis and dysentery outbreak, Viral diarrhoea outbreak, Faecal-oral hepatitis outbreak, Foodborne illness outbreak, Waterborne disease outbreak | 7 |
| Vector-borne infection | Health and biosecurity | Dengue epidemic, Chikungunya and Zika outbreak, Yellow fever outbreak, West Nile and Culex-borne virus outbreak, Malaria resurgence, Plague outbreak, Trypanosomiasis outbreak, Tick-borne disease surge … | 10 |
| Haemorrhagic fever | Health and biosecurity | Ebola and Marburg outbreak, Lassa fever outbreak, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever outbreak | 3 |
| Blood-borne and sexually transmitted infection | Health and biosecurity | HIV epidemic, Chronic viral hepatitis B and C burden, Sexually transmitted infection resurgence | 3 |
| Animal-to-human spillover | Health and biosecurity | Zoonotic spillover event, Anthrax outbreak, Brucellosis outbreak, Rabies outbreak, Leptospirosis outbreak, Mpox outbreak, Rift Valley fever outbreak, Nipah and henipavirus outbreak | 8 |
| Rare and persistent human infections | Health and biosecurity | Prion disease cluster, Smallpox reintroduction | 2 |
| Livestock and aquaculture epizootics | Health and biosecurity | Swine fever epizootic, Foot-and-mouth epizootic, Ruminant respiratory epizootic, Vector-borne livestock disease, Poultry epizootic, Screwworm infestation, Aquaculture disease outbreak, Livestock disease outbreak | 8 |
| Plant disease and pests | Health and biosecurity | Bacterial and fungal crop disease, Plant virus epidemic, Crop insect pest outbreak, Locust swarm, Invasive species spread | 5 |
| Systemic biological risks | Health and biosecurity | Antimicrobial resistance, Deliberate or accidental biological-agent release | 2 |
| Environmental and product harm to people | Health and biosecurity | Snakebite envenoming, Substandard and falsified medicines, Adulterated alcohol poisoning, Overdose epidemic | 4 |
| Climate-sensitive illness | Health and biosecurity | Heat-related illness surge, Cold-related illness surge, Disease vector range expansion, Aeroallergen season intensification, Warm-water bacterial infection | 5 |
| Drug and insecticide resistance by pathogen class | Health and biosecurity | Multidrug-resistant bacterial infection spread, Antiviral drug resistance, Antimalarial and antiparasitic drug resistance, Antifungal drug resistance, Insecticide resistance in disease vectors, Antimicrobial development and supply failure | 6 |
| Emerging and unknown infection threats | Health and biosecurity | Unknown future pathogen emergence, Emerging fungal pathogen, Endemic fungal disease range expansion, Healthcare-associated infection outbreak, Undiagnosed illness cluster | 5 |
| Maternal, newborn and child health emergencies | Health and biosecurity | Maternal mortality rise, Newborn mortality surge, Preterm and low birthweight birth rise, Childhood immunisation coverage collapse, Infant feeding disruption, Reproductive health service disruption | 6 |
| Mental health crises | Health and biosecurity | Population mental distress surge, Post-disaster traumatic stress, Suicide rate rise, Youth mental health crisis, Climate-related psychological distress, Social isolation and loneliness epidemic, Mass psychogenic illness outbreak, Gambling harm surge | 8 |
| Noncommunicable disease surges | Health and biosecurity | Cardiovascular disease surge, Diabetes epidemic, Obesity epidemic, Cancer burden rise, Chronic respiratory disease burden, Chronic kidney disease surge, Dementia burden growth, Post-infection chronic illness … | 11 |
| Malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency | Health and biosecurity | Acute malnutrition surge, Chronic undernutrition and stunting, Micronutrient deficiency, Nutritional deficiency disease outbreak, Unhealthy diet transition, Crop nutrient decline | 6 |
| Occupational disease and injury | Health and biosecurity | Occupational lung disease, Occupational heat strain, Occupational cancer, Occupational chemical poisoning, Workplace injury burden, Work-related psychosocial harm | 6 |
| Health system capacity failure | Health and biosecurity | Health workforce shortage, Health worker industrial action, Health financing collapse, Catastrophic out-of-pocket health spending, Vaccine confidence collapse, Essential health service disruption, Disease surveillance failure, Health facility loss of function … | 9 |
| Organised and collective violence | Society, conflict and economy | Interstate war, Internal armed conflict, Civil unrest, Terrorist attack, Communal and targeted violence | 5 |
| Conflict-induced harm | Society, conflict and economy | Explosive remnants and landmines, Conflict-related environmental damage, Attacks on critical infrastructure, Siege and humanitarian access denial | 4 |
| Humanitarian crises | Society, conflict and economy | Mass displacement, Acute food crisis, Famine, Water and resource conflict, Chronic malnutrition, Education disruption | 6 |
| Crowd and collective behaviour | Society, conflict and economy | Crowd crush, Panic buying and hoarding, Self-harm and suicide cluster | 3 |
| Economic shocks and governance failure | Society, conflict and economy | Financial market and banking shock, Sovereign debt crisis, Currency crisis, Commodity price shock, Governance breakdown, Hyperinflation, Housing affordability and insecurity crisis, Energy poverty | 8 |
| Geopolitical confrontation and strategic weapons | Society, conflict and economy | Great-power war, Nuclear war, Nuclear winter, Nuclear escalation crisis, Accidental or unauthorised nuclear launch, Nuclear weapons proliferation, High-altitude electromagnetic pulse, Military threat to a nuclear facility … | 15 |
| Governance and institutional failure | Society, conflict and economy | Coup d'etat, Democratic backsliding, Authoritarian lock-in, Institutional capture, Grand corruption shock, Rule-of-law breakdown, Mass surveillance, Repression of civic space … | 18 |
| Financial-system fragility | Society, conflict and economy | Asset-bubble collapse, Property-market crash, Credit crunch, Non-bank financial run, Central counterparty or settlement failure, Government bond market dysfunction, Corporate default wave, Digital-asset collapse … | 12 |
| Macroeconomic and fiscal shocks | Society, conflict and economy | Inflation shock, Stagflation, Deflationary spiral, Interest-rate shock, Capital-flow sudden stop, Severe national recession, Global recession, Local-government fiscal crisis … | 12 |
| Labour and technology transition | Society, conflict and economy | Automation-driven job displacement, Skills mismatch, Mass unemployment surge, Critical labour shortage, Regional industrial decline, Large-scale labour strike, Informal and precarious work shock | 7 |
| Population structure and movement | Society, conflict and economy | Rapid population ageing, Ultra-low fertility, Depopulation, Youth bulge with unemployment, Rapid unplanned urbanisation, Protracted displacement, Dangerous irregular migration, Climate-driven migration and relocation … | 12 |
| Social cohesion and atrocity risk | Society, conflict and economy | Societal polarisation, Collapse of institutional trust, Inequality shock, Hate-crime wave, Incitement and dehumanising propaganda, Systematic persecution of a group, Genocide, Violent radicalisation … | 9 |
| Organised crime and illicit economies | Society, conflict and economy | Transnational organised crime, Criminal governance of territory, Human trafficking, Migrant smuggling, Drug trafficking, Illicit arms trafficking, Illicit financial flows, Maritime piracy and armed robbery at sea … | 12 |
| Cultural heritage loss | Society, conflict and economy | Deliberate destruction of cultural heritage, Looting and trafficking of cultural property, Climate and natural-hazard damage to heritage, Language extinction, Loss of traditional and Indigenous knowledge, Loss of archives and records, Overtourism degradation | 7 |
| Supply-chain and flow disruption | Systemic and compound events | Supply-chain disruption, Chokepoint blockage, Port or hub closure, Fuel and energy supply shock, Food supply-chain breakdown, Trade restriction or embargo, Single-source supplier failure, Cold-chain failure … | 17 |
| Cascading failure | Systemic and compound events | Interdependent infrastructure cascade, Blackout-driven service cascade, Water-energy-food cascade, Financial contagion, Health-system overload, Emergency-response overload, Digital dependency cascade, Lifeline restoration deadlock … | 10 |
| Compound and multi-hazard events | Systemic and compound events | Compound flooding, Concurrent heat and drought, Simultaneous multi-region crop failure, Cold-wave energy crunch, Heat-driven grid stress, Natech event, Successive hazards, Disaster during an epidemic … | 9 |
| Structural fragility of interconnected systems | Systemic and compound events | Critical single point of failure, Critical service provider concentration, Common-mode failure, Technology monoculture, Lean inventory fragility, Geographic clustering of critical production, Unmapped critical dependency, Tightly coupled automated systems … | 11 |
06Outlook
How the outlooks for this series are verified
FIG 5 · Explainer: how forecasts are verified
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07Methods
Method libraries
Each method has a reference implementation or declares the specialist model, data or adapter it still needs; none is promoted beyond its evidence.
37 methods
Hazard science
Hazard Intensity Footprint Screening · Earthquake Hazard · Earthquake Ground Motion · Earthquake Rupture · Liquefaction · Landslide · Tsunami …
45 methods
Scientific assurance
Unit Verification · Analytical Benchmark · Convergence Testing · Numerical Stability · Solver Tolerance · Mesh Grid Convergence · Reproducibility …
24 methods
Risk data
Source Discovery · Source Fitness · Rights Resolver · Freshness Resolver · Provenance Resolver · Data Quality · Missingness Semantics …
08Users
Who uses it
Governments and national risk agencies
Prioritise prevention and preparedness; Plan with subnational layers; Track Sendai targets; Co-develop a national index
UN system and humanitarian organisations
Compare needs across contexts with intervals; Watch weekly signals for review; Read outlooks for anticipatory planning
Civil society and NGOs
Target programmes; Use open profiles; Contribute local evidence
Insurers, reinsurers and risk pools
Read hazard, exposure and protection-gap context; Run scenario and tail analytics; Study parametric index design questions
Media
Explain risk with intervals and classes; Embed charts and maps with attribution
09Reports
Nexus Reports
No Nexus Reports edition carries this code; thematic readings appear inside country, sector and global editions.
10Cite
Cite and reuse
GCRI Canada (2026). The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX): Disaster Risk Intelligence (DRI) series (GRX-SER-TH-04), Baseline Edition 2026. Preparatory working draft. https://risksindex.com/series/th-04/ UNI NXS-GRX-AR-000111.
- Series key
grix:SER.TH-04:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A- Domain keys
nis:IDX.CLI.physical_chronic.climate_physical_risk:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:Anis:IDX.CLI.transition.transition_risk:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:Anis:IDX.HAZ.multi.hazard_exposure:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A
Every country reads this series
Each country profile carries the domain indices this series is built from.
Status
The methodology, structure and definitions of The Global Risks Index are a preparatory working draft (2026), circulated for review and comment and not for implementation. No value appears until an edition is released from a governed evidence cut; values then carry intervals, classes, sources and their correction pathway. Simulators run the published methods on numbers you choose and never show a NXS-GRX value.
What NXS-GRX is not
NXS-GRX is research and risk-analytics information. It is not a credit or ESG rating and uses no rating scale, not a benchmark for financial instruments, not official statistics, not an emergency warning or official classification, and not advice. It must not be used to evaluate natural persons. Risk classes are bands on a published scale, never rankings of countries or people.
Pulse signals and outlook probabilities are information for review by competent authorities, never public warnings; official warnings come only from mandated authorities.
Institutions and sources
The Nexus Consortium is stewarded by three independent not-for-profit institutions: GCRI Canada as Lead Institution, Consortium Secretariat and lead contracting organization, The Global Risks Forum (GRF) and The Global Risks Alliance (GRA). Technology, infrastructure and service providers work with the Consortium at arm's length under written agreements, like every other external party in the public-private-planet model, and hold no role in its stewardship.
Every value carries the attribution of its sources, which keep their own licences. External names are cited for interoperability only. Nexus-authored text is intended for CC BY 4.0 on release.
Avis en français
La méthodologie et les définitions du NXS-GRX sont un projet de travail préparatoire (2026). Le NXS-GRX est une information de recherche et d'analyse des risques : ni notation, ni indice de référence financier, ni statistique officielle, ni alerte, ni conseil. Les classes de risque sont des bandes sur une échelle publiée, non des classements.