财政与公共债务风险指数
Expert-weighted geometric mean of the six fiscal sub-indices and the MAC external vulnerability sub-index, each on 0–10 and floored at 0.1 before aggregation.
geometric
expert weights · floor 0.1 where geometric
1,000 draws
normalisation, weights, aggregation
7 components
27 leaf indicators
71% minimum
modelled share ≤ 20%
From indicators to the composite
One domain view of sovereign fiscal risk that partly penalises weakness in any pillar; the sub-indices stay visible beside it. It is not a debt-distress rating and never replaces the published LIC-DSF or SRDSF signals.
- 广义政府债务总额,占 GDP 比重Indicator · IND · %All liabilities of general government that require future payment of interest or principal (debt securities, loans, other accounts payable and similar instruments), at nominal or face value, as a percentage of GDP.
- 广义政府净债务,占 GDP 比重Indicator · IND · %Gross general government debt minus financial assets held in the form of the same debt instruments, as a percentage of GDP.
- 公共外债现值,占 GDP 比重Indicator · IND · %Present value of public and publicly guaranteed external debt, discounted at the LIC-DSF unified discount rate, as a percentage of GDP.
- 公共外债现值,占出口比重Indicator · IND · %Present value of public and publicly guaranteed external debt as a percentage of exports of goods and services.
- 公共部门总融资需求,占 GDP 比重Indicator · IND · %General government overall deficit plus amortisation of debt falling due in the year (including short-term debt), as a percentage of GDP.
- 公共外债偿付,占收入比重Indicator · IND · %Principal and interest paid on public and publicly guaranteed external debt in the year as a percentage of general government revenue excluding grants.
- 公共外债偿付,占出口比重Indicator · IND · %Principal and interest paid on public and publicly guaranteed external debt in the year as a percentage of exports of goods, services and primary income.
- 主权债券相对基准的利差Indicator · IND · %Yield spread of the sovereign’s foreign-currency bonds over US Treasury (or Bund) securities of matched duration, in percentage points, period average.
- 广义政府债务中外币债务占比Indicator · IND · %Share of general government debt denominated in, or indexed to, a foreign currency, at end of period.
- 广义政府债务中短期债务占比(剩余期限)Indicator · IND · %Share of general government debt falling due within twelve months, by residual maturity, at end of period.
- 非居民持有的广义政府债务Indicator · IND · %Share of general government debt held by non-resident creditors (official and private), at end of period.
- 广义政府债务平均剩余期限Indicator · IND · aWeighted average residual maturity of general government debt principal, in years, at end of period.
- 公共外债中优惠贷款占比Indicator · IND · %Share of public and publicly guaranteed external debt contracted on concessional terms (grant element of at least 35%), at end of period.
- 刚性支出,占收入比重Indicator · IND · %Compensation of employees, interest and social benefits (GFSM 2014 items 21, 24 and 27) together as a percentage of general government revenue.
- 利息支付,占收入比重Indicator · IND · %General government interest payments (GFSM 2014 item 24) as a percentage of general government revenue.
- 广义政府收入,占 GDP 比重Indicator · IND · %Total general government revenue as a percentage of GDP.
- 自然资源收入,占广义政府收入比重Indicator · IND · %Revenue from oil, gas and mining (royalties, resource taxes, profit transfers from state resource companies) as a percentage of total general government revenue.
- 广义政府总体差额,占 GDP 比重Indicator · IND · %General government revenue minus total expenditure (net lending or net borrowing, GFSM 2014) in the year, as a percentage of GDP.
- 广义政府基本差额,占 GDP 比重Indicator · IND · %Overall general government balance excluding net interest payments, as a percentage of GDP.
- Interest-rate-growth differential (r – g)Indicator · IND · %Effective real interest rate on general government debt (interest paid over the previous year’s debt stock, deflated by the GDP deflator) minus real GDP growth, three-year average, in percentage points.
- 非金融公共企业债务,占 GDP 比重Indicator · IND · %Gross debt of non-financial public corporations (state-owned enterprises outside general government) as a percentage of GDP, where reported.
- 未清偿政府担保,占 GDP 比重Indicator · IND · %Stock of explicit one-off loan guarantees issued by general government (including public-private partnership guarantees) outstanding at end of period, as a percentage of GDP.
- 灾害预期年度财政成本,占 GDP 比重Indicator · IND · %Modelled average annual cost to the budget of disaster relief, reconstruction of public assets and revenue loss, net of pre-arranged risk financing, as a percentage of GDP.
- 经常账户余额,占 GDP 比重Indicator · IND · %Balance of trade in goods and services, primary and secondary income, as a percentage of GDP (BPM6).
- 储备可支付进口月数Indicator · IND · moGross international reserves (including gold) divided by the monthly value of imports of goods and services.
- 短期外债,占储备比重Indicator · IND · %External debt with original maturity of one year or less as a percentage of gross international reserves.
- 外债存量,占 GNI 比重Indicator · IND · %Total external debt owed to non-residents (public, publicly guaranteed, private non-guaranteed, IMF credit and short-term) as a percentage of GNI.
- Public debt burden sub-indexSub-index · SUB · w 2 · 22.2%Composite of gross and net general government debt and the present value of public external debt to GDP and to exports.
- Financing pressure sub-indexSub-index · SUB · w 2 · 22.2%Composite of gross financing needs, public external debt service to revenue and to exports, and the sovereign bond spread.
- Debt composition risk sub-indexSub-index · SUB · w 1.5 · 16.7%Composite of the foreign-currency share, short-term share, non-resident holdings, average maturity and concessional share of public debt.
- Budget rigidity and revenue weakness sub-indexSub-index · SUB · w 1 · 11.1%Composite of rigid expenditure to revenue, interest to revenue, revenue to GDP and resource-revenue dependence.
- Fiscal position sub-indexSub-index · SUB · w 1 · 11.1%Composite of the overall balance, the primary balance and the interest-rate-growth differential.
- Contingent liability sub-indexSub-index · SUB · w 1 · 11.1%Composite of state-owned-enterprise debt, outstanding guarantees and the expected annual fiscal cost of disasters.
- External vulnerability sub-indexSub-index · SUB · w 0.5 · 5.6%Composite of current-account balance, reserve cover, short-term debt to reserves and external debt.
- 财政与公共债务风险指数Domain index · IDX · geometricExpert-weighted geometric mean of the six fiscal sub-indices and the MAC external vulnerability sub-index, each on 0–10 and floored at 0.1 before aggregation.
- 宏观金融与结构脆弱性Pillar · PILLAR · 5 indicesHow much fiscal, financial, external, digital and technological room does the system have before stress turns into crisis?
- NXS-GRX (canonical data, provenance and risk) Composite RiskComposite · COMPOSITE · four pillarsComposite = (HTE × VUL × MSF × LCC)^(1/4), each pillar on 0–10 floored at 0.1; pillar = expert-weighted geometric mean of its domain indices
Run this index’s own aggregation
Set each component, change the aggregation or the weight uncertainty, and watch the interval, the class probability and each component’s contribution respond.
Treatment, normalisation, weighting, aggregation, uncertainty
- Treatment
- NONE
- Outlier rule
- |skew| > 2, kurtosis > 3.5
- Normalisation
- IDENTITY
- Imputation
- NONE
- Coverage minimum
- 71% of components
- Modelled share cap
- 20% of weight
- Weighting
- 专家
- Aggregation
- geometric
- Scale
- 0 to 10
- 不确定性
- 1,000 Monte Carlo runs over normalisation, weights, aggregation
- Framework basis
- OECD/JRC Handbook (2008); JRC COIN 10-step guide; INFORM geometric aggregation; IMF SRDSF and IMF/WB LIC-DSF (pillar structure only)
7 components, 27 indicators
Public debt burden sub-index w 2
Composite of gross and net general government debt and the present value of public external debt to GDP and to exports.
| 指标 | 单位 | 证据 | 来源 | 占比 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
广义政府债务总额,占 GDP 比重IND.FIS.debt.gross_debt.gdp | % | Class A | imf-weo, imf-gdd, wb-qpsd | 37.5% |
广义政府净债务,占 GDP 比重IND.FIS.debt.net_debt.gdp | % | Class B | imf-weo | 12.5% |
公共外债现值,占 GDP 比重IND.FIS.debt.external_ppg_pv.gdp | % | Class C | imf-wb-lic-dsf, wb-ids | 25.0% |
公共外债现值,占出口比重IND.FIS.debt.external_ppg_pv.exports | % | Class C | imf-wb-lic-dsf, wb-ids | 25.0% |
Financing pressure sub-index w 2
Composite of gross financing needs, public external debt service to revenue and to exports, and the sovereign bond spread.
| 指标 | 单位 | 证据 | 来源 | 占比 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
公共部门总融资需求,占 GDP 比重IND.FIS.financing.gross_financing_needs.gdp | % | Class C | imf-dsa, imf-fiscal-monitor, national-dmo | 37.5% |
公共外债偿付,占收入比重IND.FIS.financing.external_ppg_debt_service.revenue | % | Class B | imf-wb-lic-dsf, wb-ids, imf-gfs | 25.0% |
公共外债偿付,占出口比重IND.FIS.financing.external_ppg_debt_service.exports | % | Class A | wb-ids, wb-wdi | 25.0% |
主权债券相对基准的利差IND.FIS.financing.sovereign_spread | % | Class B | jpm-embi:licensed, national-bond-yields, imf-dsa | 12.5% |
Debt composition risk sub-index w 1.5
Composite of the foreign-currency share, short-term share, non-resident holdings, average maturity and concessional share of public debt.
| 指标 | 单位 | 证据 | 来源 | 占比 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
广义政府债务中外币债务占比IND.FIS.debt.fx_share | % | Class B | wb-qpsd, national-dmo, imf-dsa | 20.0% |
广义政府债务中短期债务占比(剩余期限)IND.FIS.debt.short_term_share | % | Class B | wb-qpsd, national-dmo, imf-dsa | 20.0% |
非居民持有的广义政府债务IND.FIS.debt.nonresident_share | % | Class C | imf-sovereign-investor-base, wb-qpsd, national-dmo | 20.0% |
广义政府债务平均剩余期限IND.FIS.debt.average_maturity | a | Class B | national-dmo, oecd-sovereign-borrowing, imf-dsa | 20.0% |
公共外债中优惠贷款占比IND.FIS.debt.concessional_share | % | Class A | wb-ids | 20.0% |
Budget rigidity and revenue weakness sub-index w 1
Composite of rigid expenditure to revenue, interest to revenue, revenue to GDP and resource-revenue dependence.
| 指标 | 单位 | 证据 | 来源 | 占比 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
刚性支出,占收入比重IND.FIS.expenditure.rigid_share.revenue | % | Class B | derived:imf-gfs | 28.6% |
利息支付,占收入比重IND.FIS.expenditure.interest.revenue | % | Class A | imf-gfs, imf-weo, wb-wdi | 28.6% |
广义政府收入,占 GDP 比重IND.FIS.revenue.total.gdp | % | Class A | imf-weo, imf-gfs, unu-wider-grd | 28.6% |
自然资源收入,占广义政府收入比重IND.FIS.revenue.resource_revenue_share | % | Class B | unu-wider-grd, imf-gfs, eiti | 14.3% |
Fiscal position sub-index w 1
Composite of the overall balance, the primary balance and the interest-rate-growth differential.
| 指标 | 单位 | 证据 | 来源 | 占比 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
广义政府总体差额,占 GDP 比重IND.FIS.balance.overall_balance.gdp | % | Class A | imf-weo, imf-gfs, wb-wdi | 33.3% |
广义政府基本差额,占 GDP 比重IND.FIS.balance.primary_balance.gdp | % | Class A | imf-weo, imf-gfs | 33.3% |
Interest-rate-growth differential (r – g)IND.FIS.balance.interest_growth_differential | % | Class C | derived:imf-weo, derived:nis:IND.MAC.output.real_gdp_growth | 33.3% |
Contingent liability sub-index w 1
Composite of state-owned-enterprise debt, outstanding guarantees and the expected annual fiscal cost of disasters.
| 指标 | 单位 | 证据 | 来源 | 占比 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
非金融公共企业债务,占 GDP 比重IND.FIS.contingent.soe_debt.gdp | % | Class C | wb-qpsd, imf-public-sector-balance-sheet, national-soe-reports | 40.0% |
未清偿政府担保,占 GDP 比重IND.FIS.contingent.guarantees.gdp | % | Class C | national-fiscal-risk-statements, wb-ppi, imf-dsa | 40.0% |
灾害预期年度财政成本,占 GDP 比重IND.FIS.contingent.disaster_fiscal_cost.gdp | % | Class D | undrr-gar-aal, wb-country-climate-development-reports, imf-dsa-climate-annex | 20.0% |
External vulnerability sub-index w 0.5
Composite of current-account balance, reserve cover, short-term debt to reserves and external debt.
| 指标 | 单位 | 证据 | 来源 | 占比 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
经常账户余额,占 GDP 比重IND.MAC.external.current_account.gdp | % | Class A | wb-wdi, imf-weo, imf-bop | 25.0% |
储备可支付进口月数IND.MAC.external.reserves_import_cover | mo | Class A | wb-wdi, imf-irfcl | 25.0% |
短期外债,占储备比重IND.MAC.external.short_term_debt_to_reserves | % | Class A | wb-ids, wb-wdi | 25.0% |
外债存量,占 GNI 比重IND.MAC.external.external_debt.gni | % | Class A | wb-ids | 25.0% |
Fiscal and public debt
Government revenue, spending, balances, debt stock, composition, financing needs and contingent liabilities.
| Sub-domain | 指标 |
|---|---|
| Fiscal balance | 4 |
| Revenue | 5 |
| Expenditure | 3 |
| Debt stock and composition | 9 |
| Gross financing needs | 5 |
| Contingent liabilities | 3 |
| Debt-carrying capacity | 8 |
Anchor frameworks (pillar structure and definitions only): IMF GFS 2014; IMF/WB LIC-DSF; IMF SRDSF; Sovereign rating fiscal pillar.
All 37 fiscal and public debt indicators
| 指标 | 领域 | Sub-domain | 组件 | 单位 | 级别 | Crosswalks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
广义政府总体差额,占 GDP 比重IND.FIS.balance.overall_balance.gdp | FIS | Fiscal balance | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | IMF_WEO GGXCNL_NGDP WB_WDI GC.NLD.TOTL.GD.ZS |
广义政府基本差额,占 GDP 比重IND.FIS.balance.primary_balance.gdp | FIS | Fiscal balance | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | IMF_WEO GGXONLB_NGDP |
广义政府结构性差额,占潜在 GDP 比重IND.FIS.balance.structural_balance.potgdp | FIS | Fiscal balance | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | IMF_WEO GGSB_NPGDP |
Interest-rate-growth differential (r – g)IND.FIS.balance.interest_growth_differential | FIS | Fiscal balance | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | |
广义政府收入,现价美元IND.FIS.revenue.total.usd | FIS | Revenue | context | [USD] | COUNTRY | IMF_GFS 1 |
广义政府收入,占 GDP 比重IND.FIS.revenue.total.gdp | FIS | Revenue | coping capacity | % | COUNTRY | IMF_WEO GGR_NGDP SDG 17.1.1 WB_WDI GC.REV.XGRT.GD.ZS |
税收收入,占 GDP 比重IND.FIS.revenue.tax.gdp | FIS | Revenue | coping capacity | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI GC.TAX.TOTL.GD.ZS IMF_GFS 11 |
税收努力度(实际税收与估计税收能力之比)IND.FIS.revenue.tax_effort | FIS | Revenue | adaptive capacity | 1 | COUNTRY | |
自然资源收入,占广义政府收入比重IND.FIS.revenue.resource_revenue_share | FIS | Revenue | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | |
广义政府支出,占 GDP 比重IND.FIS.expenditure.total.gdp | FIS | Expenditure | context | % | COUNTRY | IMF_WEO GGX_NGDP WB_WDI GC.XPN.TOTL.GD.ZS |
刚性支出,占收入比重IND.FIS.expenditure.rigid_share.revenue | FIS | Expenditure | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | |
利息支付,占收入比重IND.FIS.expenditure.interest.revenue | FIS | Expenditure | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI GC.XPN.INTP.RV.ZS |
广义政府债务总额,占 GDP 比重IND.FIS.debt.gross_debt.gdp | FIS | Debt stock and composition | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | IMF_WEO GGXWDG_NGDP WB_WDI GC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS |
广义政府净债务,占 GDP 比重IND.FIS.debt.net_debt.gdp | FIS | Debt stock and composition | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | IMF_WEO GGXWDN_NGDP |
广义政府债务中外币债务占比IND.FIS.debt.fx_share | FIS | Debt stock and composition | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | |
广义政府债务中短期债务占比(剩余期限)IND.FIS.debt.short_term_share | FIS | Debt stock and composition | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | |
广义政府债务平均剩余期限IND.FIS.debt.average_maturity | FIS | Debt stock and composition | vulnerability | a | COUNTRY | |
非居民持有的广义政府债务IND.FIS.debt.nonresident_share | FIS | Debt stock and composition | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | |
公共外债中优惠贷款占比IND.FIS.debt.concessional_share | FIS | Debt stock and composition | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI DT.DOD.ALLC.ZS |
公共外债现值,占 GDP 比重IND.FIS.debt.external_ppg_pv.gdp | FIS | Debt stock and composition | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI DT.DOD.PVLX.GN.ZS |
公共外债现值,占出口比重IND.FIS.debt.external_ppg_pv.exports | FIS | Debt stock and composition | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI DT.DOD.PVLX.EX.ZS |
公共部门总融资需求,占 GDP 比重IND.FIS.financing.gross_financing_needs.gdp | FIS | Gross financing needs | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | |
公共外债偿付,占收入比重IND.FIS.financing.external_ppg_debt_service.revenue | FIS | Gross financing needs | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | |
公共外债偿付,占出口比重IND.FIS.financing.external_ppg_debt_service.exports | FIS | Gross financing needs | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI DT.TDS.DPPG.XP.ZS SDG 17.4.1 |
主权债券相对基准的利差IND.FIS.financing.sovereign_spread | FIS | Gross financing needs | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | |
五年期主权信用违约互换利差IND.FIS.financing.sovereign_cds_5y | FIS | Gross financing needs | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | |
非金融公共企业债务,占 GDP 比重IND.FIS.contingent.soe_debt.gdp | FIS | Contingent liabilities | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | |
未清偿政府担保,占 GDP 比重IND.FIS.contingent.guarantees.gdp | FIS | Contingent liabilities | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | |
灾害预期年度财政成本,占 GDP 比重IND.FIS.contingent.disaster_fiscal_cost.gdp | FIS | Contingent liabilities | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | |
LIC-DSF 综合指标得分(已发布,参考)IND.FIS.capacity.lic_dsf_composite_indicator | FIS | Debt-carrying capacity | coping capacity | {score} | COUNTRY | |
LIC-DSF 阈值:外债现值与 GDP 之比(参考)IND.FIS.capacity.lic_dsf_threshold.pv_ext_gdp | FIS | Debt-carrying capacity | context | % | COUNTRY | |
LIC-DSF 阈值:外债现值与出口之比(参考)IND.FIS.capacity.lic_dsf_threshold.pv_ext_exports | FIS | Debt-carrying capacity | context | % | COUNTRY | |
LIC-DSF 阈值:外债偿付与出口之比(参考)IND.FIS.capacity.lic_dsf_threshold.ds_ext_exports | FIS | Debt-carrying capacity | context | % | COUNTRY | |
LIC-DSF 阈值:外债偿付与收入之比(参考)IND.FIS.capacity.lic_dsf_threshold.ds_ext_revenue | FIS | Debt-carrying capacity | context | % | COUNTRY | |
LIC-DSF 基准:公共债务总额现值与 GDP 之比(参考)IND.FIS.capacity.lic_dsf_threshold.pv_public_gdp | FIS | Debt-carrying capacity | context | % | COUNTRY | |
LIC-DSF 债务困境风险,按已发布结果(参考)IND.FIS.capacity.lic_dsf_risk_published | FIS | Debt-carrying capacity | context | {class} | COUNTRY | |
SRDSF 主权压力总体风险,按已发布结果(参考)IND.FIS.capacity.srdsf_risk_published | FIS | Debt-carrying capacity | context | {class} | COUNTRY |
Fiscal and public debt risk index, world
The world reading of this index, every country as a tile and the largest movements since the previous edition.
- 上一版
- –
- Range since 2016
- –
- 耦合综合
- –
- 耦合得分 S
- –
- 脉搏,最近一周
- –
- Outlook, 12 months
- –
- 方法
- Indicator Standard 1.0 · NXS-GRX 2026
- 抽样次数
- 1,000
尚无已发布的数值。第一版发布后将在这里绘制历史,并附区间带和类别边界。
Country values
- 瓦片
/api/v1/public/grix/risk-products/tiles/fis/{z}/{x}/{y}.mvt- 观测键
nis:IDX.FIS.debt.fiscal_risk:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A
Series that read this index
Crosswalks and validity checks
Crosswalks map leaf indicators to source code lists; established indices are used for validity checks, never re-weighted as inputs.
| Code system | Leaf indicators mapped |
|---|---|
WB_WDI | 12 |
IMF_WEO | 6 |
SDG | 2 |
Platforms, standards and ways to take part
Field and service platforms of GCRI, GRF and GRA, the Nexus Risk Standards for this domain, learning, working groups and open calls. Every link is a live page.
引用与再利用
See this index in every country profile
Each profile shows this index with its interval and class once released.
状态
The Global Risks Index 的方法、结构和定义为预备性工作草案(2026),供审阅和评论,不供实施。在从受治理的证据截取中发布版本之前,不会出现任何数值;届时数值将附有区间、类别、来源及其更正途径。模拟器以您选择的数字运行已发布的方法,绝不显示 NXS-GRX 数值。
NXS-GRX 不是什么
NXS-GRX 是研究和风险分析信息。它不是信用评级或 ESG 评级,不使用任何评级尺度;它不是金融工具的基准,不是官方统计,不是紧急警报或官方分类,也不是建议。不得用于评估自然人。风险等级是已发布尺度上的区间,绝不是对国家或个人的排名。
机构与来源
The Nexus Consortium is stewarded by three independent not-for-profit institutions: The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), through GCRI US in Washington, DC and GCRI Canada in Ontario, with GCRI Canada as Lead Institution, Consortium Secretariat and lead contracting organisation; The Global Risks Forum (GRF); and The Global Risks Alliance (GRA). Technology, infrastructure and service providers work with the Consortium at arm’s length under written agreements, like every other external party in the public-private-planet model, and hold no role in its stewardship.
每个数值均附有其来源的署名,这些来源保留各自的许可。外部名称仅为互操作性而引用。Nexus 撰写的文本拟在发布时采用 CC BY 4.0。
Avis en français
La méthodologie et les définitions du NXS-GRX sont un projet de travail préparatoire (2026). Le NXS-GRX est une information de recherche et d’analyse des risques : ni notation, ni indice de référence financier, ni statistique officielle, ni alerte, ni conseil. Les classes de risque sont des bandes sur une échelle publiée, non des classements.