Observation de la Terre et systèmes spatiaux
Dépendance aux satellites pour la navigation, les communications et l'observation ; encombrement orbital, débris et exposition à la météorologie spatiale.
1
Exposition à la météorologie de l'espace
56
3 index domains
18
Space and near-Earth · Frontier and exponential technology.
64
Hazard science · Critical infrastructure and industrial systems.
Scope and questions
The subject of this index is proposed by NXS-GRX (canonical data, provenance and risk); the Nexus Reports edition with the same code sets its own subject at commissioning, and any difference is recorded as a crosswalk.
- Which services depend on space systems?
- How exposed are orbits to congestion and debris?
- What would a severe space-weather event disable?
Domain indices to the series index
The series index is the expert-weighted geometric mean of its domain indices, with the intervals and class rule of the methodology.
How the Earth observation and space systems index is built
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Exposition à la météorologie de l'espaceDomain index · IDX · SPC0–10 index of space-weather exposure as the product of the space-weather hazard and space-service dependence sub-indices; mostly modelled and expert inputs, so its grade is capped.
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Earth observation and space systems indexSeries index · SERIES · XT-07Dépendance aux satellites pour la navigation, les communications et l'observation ; encombrement orbital, débris et exposition à la météorologie spatiale.
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Country readingsOutput · OUTPUT · 195 profilesPublished with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
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Regional readingsOutput · OUTPUT · 5 regionsPublished with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
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Global readingOutput · OUTPUT · population or exposure weightedPublished with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
Domain indices in this series
| Indice | Valeur | Variation | Variation % | Intervalle à 90 % | Classe · probabilité | Tendance | Plage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Exposition à la météorologie de l'espaceNXS-GRX · SPC |
– | – | – | – | – |
Domains read: Space environment, Technology and frontier, Infrastructure.
56 indicators in scope
Every indicator whose primary or secondary domain is in scope, with unit, levels and crosswalks to source code lists.
| Indicateur | Domaine | Sub-domain | Composant | Unité | Niveaux | Crosswalks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dépendance nette aux importations de minerais critiquesIND.ECO.concentration.critical_minerals_import_reliance |
ECO | Export and import concentration | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY | |
Commerce maritime exposé aux points d'étranglement maritimesIND.ECO.supply_chain.chokepoint_exposure |
ECO | Supply-chain exposure | exposure | % |
COUNTRY | |
Norme de conception de la protection contre les inondationsIND.HAZ.flood.flood_protection_standard |
HAZ | Flood | coping capacity | a |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE | |
Surface bâtieIND.HAZ.exposure.built_up_area |
HAZ | Exposition | context | km2 |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
Surface bâtie en zones d'aléa élevéIND.HAZ.exposure.built_up_exposed |
HAZ | Exposition | exposure | km2 |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
Densité routièreIND.ENV.land.road_density |
ENV | Land and forests | hazard | km/km2 |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
Déchets solides municipaux gérés dans des installations contrôléesIND.ENV.pollution.msw_controlled_management.share |
ENV | Pollution and waste | coping capacity | % |
COUNTRY, CITY | SDG 11.6.1 EPI MSW |
Eaux usées traitées en toute sécuritéIND.WAT.quality.wastewater_safely_treated.share |
WAT | Water quality | coping capacity | % |
COUNTRY, CITY | SDG 6.3.1 EPI WWT |
Severe geomagnetic storm days per yearIND.SPC.weather.severe_geomagnetic_storm_days |
SPC | Météorologie spatiale | hazard | d/a |
GLOBAL | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 ET0101 EMDAT nat-ext-spa-geo |
Amplitude du champ géoélectrique pour une période de retour de 100 ansIND.SPC.weather.geoelectric_field_rp100 |
SPC | Météorologie spatiale | hazard | V/km |
COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
Strong solar radiation storm days per yearIND.SPC.weather.radiation_storm_days |
SPC | Météorologie spatiale | hazard | d/a |
GLOBAL | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 ET0104 EMDAT nat-ext-spa-ene |
PIB des activités dépendantes du GNSS, partIND.SPC.dependence.gnss_dependent_gdp.share |
SPC | Space-service dependence | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, PORTFOLIO | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 ET0102 |
Services critiques reposant sur des satellites sans secours, partIND.SPC.dependence.satellite_service_exposure.share |
SPC | Space-service dependence | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY | |
Réseau haute tension en zones d'aléa géoélectrique élevé, partIND.SPC.dependence.grid_gic_exposure.share |
SPC | Space-service dependence | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | |
Temps de trajet jusqu'à l'établissement de santé le plus procheIND.HLT.system.health_facility_travel_time |
HLT | Health system capacity | vulnerability | min |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
Population urbaine, part du totalIND.DEM.urbanisation.urban_share |
DEM | Urbanisation | context | % |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS |
Croissance de la population urbaineIND.DEM.urbanisation.urban_growth |
DEM | Urbanisation | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI SP.URB.GROW |
Population urbaine vivant dans des bidonvillesIND.DEM.urbanisation.slum_share |
DEM | Urbanisation | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI EN.POP.SLUM.UR.ZS SDG 11.1.1 |
Coupures de courant subies par les entreprises au cours d'un mois typeIND.ENE.reliability.firm_power_outages |
ENE | Reliability | vulnerability | /mo |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI IC.ELC.OUTG |
Durée moyenne des interruptions du réseau (SAIDI)IND.ENE.reliability.saidi |
ENE | Reliability | vulnerability | h/a |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | ISO_37120 ISO 37120:2018 |
Fréquence moyenne des interruptions du réseau (SAIFI)IND.ENE.reliability.saifi |
ENE | Reliability | vulnerability | /a |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | ISO_37120 ISO 37120:2018 |
Concentration des fournisseurs de minerais critiques importésIND.ENE.minerals.critical_mineral_import_concentration |
ENE | Critical minerals | vulnerability | 1 |
COUNTRY | |
Population rurale à moins de 2 km d'une route praticable en toute saisonIND.INF.transport.rural_road_access |
INF | Transport | coping capacity | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | SDG 9.1.1 |
Performance logistiqueIND.INF.transport.logistics_performance |
INF | Transport | coping capacity | {score} |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI LP.LPI.OVRL.XQ |
Connectivité des transports maritimes réguliers par rapport à la frontièreIND.INF.transport.liner_shipping_connectivity |
INF | Transport | coping capacity | % |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI IS.SHP.GCNW.XQ |
Passagers aériens transportés par habitantIND.INF.transport.air_passengers.pc |
INF | Transport | coping capacity | {passengers}/a/{person} |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI IS.AIR.PSGR |
Population urbaine ayant un accès pratique aux transports publicsIND.INF.transport.public_transport_access |
INF | Transport | coping capacity | % |
CITY, ADM1, COUNTRY | SDG 11.2.1 ISO_37120 ISO 37120:2018 |
Réseau routier et ferroviaire en zones d'aléa élevé, partIND.INF.transport.network_exposed.share |
INF | Transport | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
Personnes utilisant InternetIND.INF.digital.internet_users |
INF | Digital connectivity | coping capacity | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | SDG 17.8.1 WB_WDI IT.NET.USER.ZS |
Population couverte par un réseau mobile, par technologieIND.INF.digital.mobile_network_coverage |
INF | Digital connectivity | coping capacity | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | SDG 9.c.1 |
Abonnements au haut débit fixe pour 100 habitantsIND.INF.digital.fixed_broadband |
INF | Digital connectivity | coping capacity | /10*2 |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | SDG 17.6.1 WB_WDI IT.NET.BBND.P2 |
Redondance des routes de connectivité internationaleIND.INF.digital.international_connectivity_redundancy |
INF | Digital connectivity | coping capacity | 1 |
COUNTRY | |
Heures de perturbation d'Internet à l'échelle nationaleIND.INF.digital.internet_disruption_hours |
INF | Digital connectivity | impact | h/a |
COUNTRY | |
Résilience du réseau électriqueIND.INF.utilities.power_grid_resilience |
INF | Utilities | coping capacity | {score} |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | ISO_37123 ISO 37123:2019 |
Résilience du réseau d'approvisionnement en eauIND.INF.utilities.water_network_resilience |
INF | Utilities | coping capacity | {score} |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | ISO_37123 ISO 37123:2019 |
Installations critiques disposant d'une alimentation de secours de 72 heuresIND.INF.utilities.critical_facility_backup_power |
INF | Utilities | coping capacity | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | ISO_37123 ISO 37123:2019 |
Actifs d'approvisionnement en eau en zones d'aléa élevé, partIND.INF.utilities.water_assets_exposed.share |
INF | Utilities | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
Actifs de production et de réseau électriques en zones d'aléa élevé, partIND.INF.utilities.power_assets_exposed.share |
INF | Utilities | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
Installations vitales en zones d'aléa élevé, partIND.INF.utilities.lifeline_facilities_exposed.share |
INF | Utilities | exposure | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
Déficit d'investissement dans les infrastructures, part du PIBIND.INF.utilities.infrastructure_investment_gap.gdp |
INF | Utilities | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY | |
City electricity interruption hours per customerIND.INF.urban.power_interruption_hours |
INF | Urban systems | vulnerability | h/a |
CITY | ISO_37120 ISO 37120:2018 |
Unités d'infrastructures critiques endommagées ou détruites par des catastrophesIND.INF.disruption.critical_infrastructure_damage |
INF | Service disruption | impact | 1 |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | SENDAI D-1 SDG 11.5.2 |
Établissements de santé endommagés ou détruits par des catastrophesIND.INF.disruption.health_facilities_damaged |
INF | Service disruption | impact | 1 |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | SENDAI D-2 |
Établissements d'enseignement endommagés ou détruits par des catastrophesIND.INF.disruption.education_facilities_damaged |
INF | Service disruption | impact | 1 |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | SENDAI D-3 |
Perturbations des services de base imputées aux catastrophesIND.INF.disruption.basic_service_disruptions |
INF | Service disruption | impact | 1 |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | SENDAI D-5 |
Pertes économiques directes subies par les infrastructures critiques, part du PIBIND.INF.disruption.critical_infrastructure_loss.gdp |
INF | Service disruption | impact | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1 | SENDAI C-5 |
Cyberincidents perturbant des services critiquesIND.CYB.incidents.critical_sector_incidents |
CYB | Incidents | impact | 1 |
COUNTRY | |
Dépense intérieure brute de R&D, part du PIBIND.TEC.capability.rd_expenditure.gdp |
TEC | Technology capability | adaptive capacity | % |
COUNTRY | SDG 9.5.1 WB_WDI GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |
Chercheurs par million d'habitantsIND.TEC.capability.researchers_per_million |
TEC | Technology capability | adaptive capacity | /10*6 |
COUNTRY | SDG 9.5.2 WB_WDI SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6 |
Exportations de haute technologie, part des exportations de produits manufacturésIND.TEC.capability.high_tech_exports |
TEC | Technology capability | adaptive capacity | % |
COUNTRY | WB_WDI TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS SDG 9.b.1 |
Concentration des fournisseurs de semi-conducteurs importésIND.TEC.concentration.semiconductor_import_concentration |
TEC | Concentration and dependence | vulnerability | 1 |
COUNTRY | |
Concentration des fournisseurs d'infrastructure cloudIND.TEC.concentration.cloud_provider_concentration |
TEC | Concentration and dependence | vulnerability | 1 |
COUNTRY | |
Capacité de calcul pour l'IA sous contrôle étranger ou d'un fournisseur uniqueIND.TEC.ai.ai_compute_foreign_control |
TEC | Intelligence artificielle | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY | |
Concentration des fournisseurs de modèles de fondationIND.TEC.ai.foundation_model_concentration |
TEC | Intelligence artificielle | vulnerability | % |
COUNTRY | |
Supervision de la biosûreté et de la biosécurité des laboratoires de haut confinementIND.TEC.bio.biosecurity_lab_oversight |
TEC | Biotechnologie | coping capacity | {score} |
COUNTRY | |
Population à moins de 15 minutes des services d'urgenceIND.CRS.response.emergency_service_access |
CRS | Response capacity | coping capacity | % |
COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | ISO_37120 ISO 37120:2018 |
Hazard families this series reads
families, each crosswalked to the UNDRR–ISC Hazard Information Profiles (2025) where a profile exists.
| Famille | Domaine | Aléas | Count |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solar-terrestrial storms | Espace et environnement proche de la Terre | Geomagnetic storm, Solar flare radio blackout, Solar radiation storm, Ionospheric disturbance, Geomagnetically induced current, Satellite space-environment anomaly, Thermospheric drag surge, Radiation-belt electron enhancement … | 9 |
| Impacts and orbital hazards | Espace et environnement proche de la Terre | Near-Earth object approach, Meteorite impact, Airburst, Space debris, Orbital collision cascade, Uncontrolled re-entry, Spaceflight accident, Meteoroid stream encounter | 8 |
| AI system failure and misalignment | Technologies de pointe et exponentielles | AI malfunction in a critical service, Out-of-distribution model failure, Correlated failure of shared AI models, Reliance on fabricated AI output, Specification gaming and reward hacking, Deceptive or strategically misaligned AI, Loss of human control over advanced AI, AI self-replication and exfiltration … | 11 |
| AI security and model supply chain | Technologies de pointe et exponentielles | Theft of frontier model weights, Backdoored AI model, AI model supply-chain compromise, Prompt injection against AI agents, AI-enabled cyber offence, Attack on AI compute infrastructure, Adversarial manipulation of machine learning | 7 |
| AI misuse and capability uplift | Technologies de pointe et exponentielles | AI uplift for biological weapons, AI uplift for chemical weapons, Synthetic media at scale, Non-consensual synthetic intimate imagery, AI-driven mass persuasion, AI-enabled mass surveillance and repression, AI-enabled seizure or entrenchment of power, Malicious use of AI | 8 |
| Agentic AI acting at scale | Technologies de pointe et exponentielles | Runaway autonomous agent action, Multi-agent interaction cascade, Algorithmic market flash crash, Human deskilling and over-reliance on AI, Gradual human disempowerment by AI, Autonomous agent overreach | 6 |
| Algorithmic decision and structural harm | Technologies de pointe et exponentielles | Harmful automated decision-making, Clinical AI error, Rapid AI-driven labour displacement, Concentration of frontier AI capability, Competitive AI race and safety erosion, Degradation of the shared knowledge base, Recommender-system amplification harm, Harm from AI companions and chatbots … | 12 |
| Robotics, autonomy and autonomous weapons | Technologies de pointe et exponentielles | Lethal autonomous weapon use, Drone swarm attack, Weaponised small drone attack, Drone intrusion into protected airspace, AI-accelerated military escalation, AI in nuclear command, control and warning, Industrial and service robot injury, Autonomous vehicle system failure … | 10 |
| Biotechnologie et biologie de synthèse | Technologies de pointe et exponentielles | Engineered pandemic pathogen, Dual-use research of concern, Benchtop DNA synthesis misuse, Biological design tool misuse, Automated biofoundry accident, Gene drive escape, Engineered organism escape into the environment, Mirror-image organism creation or release … | 10 |
| Nanotechnology and advanced materials | Technologies de pointe et exponentielles | Engineered nanomaterial exposure, High-aspect-ratio nanofibre inhalation, Nanomaterial accumulation in the environment, Uncontrolled self-replicating nanomachines, Molecular manufacturing arms race | 5 |
| Neurotechnology, human enhancement and extended reality | Technologies de pointe et exponentielles | Brain-computer interface failure, Neural device compromise, Neural data exploitation, Cognitive enhancement harm and coercion, Heritable human genome editing harm, Extended-reality physical and psychological harm, Manipulation of augmented perception | 7 |
| Quantum technology and cryptographic transition | Technologies de pointe et exponentielles | Cryptographically relevant quantum computer, Harvest-now, decrypt-later collection, Post-quantum migration failure, Quantum sensing erosion of strategic concealment | 4 |
| Technologies d’intervention climatique | Technologies de pointe et exponentielles | Solar geoengineering termination shock, Stratospheric aerosol injection side effects, Marine cloud brightening side effects, Unilateral or rogue geoengineering deployment, Ocean fertilisation side effects, Ocean alkalinity enhancement side effects, Large-scale carbon removal land and water competition, Geological carbon storage leakage … | 11 |
| Space technology and orbital infrastructure | Technologies de pointe et exponentielles | Destructive anti-satellite strike, Non-kinetic counterspace attack, Mega-constellation orbital congestion, Constellation-wide service failure, Upper-atmosphere pollution from launches and re-entries, Satellite interference with sky observation, Back-contamination from extraterrestrial samples | 7 |
| Digital infrastructure concentration and monoculture | Technologies de pointe et exponentielles | Critical open-source dependency failure, Advanced semiconductor fabrication concentration, Digital identity and trust service failure | 3 |
| Advanced and distributed manufacturing | Technologies de pointe et exponentielles | 3D-printed and untraceable firearms, Distributed production of weapon components, Additively manufactured critical part failure | 3 |
| Energy-transition technology failures | Technologies de pointe et exponentielles | Lithium battery fire in vehicles and transport, Mass manipulation of connected energy devices, Advanced reactor material security risk, Critical mineral supply concentration | 4 |
| Distributed ledgers and digital assets | Technologies de pointe et exponentielles | Smart-contract and oracle exploit | 1 |
Method libraries
Each method has a reference implementation or declares the specialist model, data or adapter it still needs; none is promoted beyond its evidence.
Science des aléas
Hazard Intensity Footprint Screening · Earthquake Hazard · Earthquake Ground Motion · Earthquake Rupture · Liquefaction · Landslide · Tsunami …
Infrastructures critiques et systèmes industriels
Asset Reliability · Process Safety · HAZOP · FMEA FMECA · Industrial Fault Tree · Industrial Event Tree · LOPA …
Who uses it
Governments and national risk agencies
Prioritise prevention and preparedness. Plan with subnational layers. Track Sendai targets. Co-develop a national index.
Insurers, reinsurers and risk pools
Read hazard, exposure and protection-gap context. Run scenario and tail analytics. Study parametric index design questions.
Companies and supply chains
Screen sites and suppliers. Watch chokepoints and pulse. Read country context.
Rapports Nexus
- Edition code
XT-07- Edition status
- prévue
- Objet
- Set by Nexus Reports at commissioning
Citer et réutiliser
- Series key
grix:SER.XT-07:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A- Domain keys
nis:IDX.SPC.weather.space_weather_exposure:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A
Every country reads this series
Each country profile carries the domain indices this series is built from.
Statut
La méthodologie, la structure et les définitions de The Global Risks Index constituent un projet de travail préparatoire (2026), diffusé pour examen et commentaires et non pour mise en œuvre. Aucune valeur n'apparaît avant la publication d'une édition à partir d'une coupe de données probantes encadrée ; les valeurs comportent alors des intervalles, des classes, des sources et leur voie de correction. Les simulateurs appliquent les méthodes publiées à des nombres que vous choisissez et n'affichent jamais de valeur NXS-GRX.
Ce que NXS-GRX n'est pas
NXS-GRX est une information de recherche et d'analyse des risques. Ce n'est pas une notation de crédit ou ESG et il n'utilise aucune échelle de notation ; ce n'est pas un indice de référence pour des instruments financiers, ni une statistique officielle, ni une alerte d'urgence ou une classification officielle, ni un conseil. Il ne doit pas servir à évaluer des personnes physiques. Les classes de risque sont des bandes sur une échelle publiée, jamais des classements de pays ou de personnes.
Institutions et sources
The Nexus Consortium is stewarded by three independent not-for-profit institutions: The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), through GCRI US in Washington, DC and GCRI Canada in Ontario, with GCRI Canada as Lead Institution, Consortium Secretariat and lead contracting organisation; The Global Risks Forum (GRF); and The Global Risks Alliance (GRA). Technology, infrastructure and service providers work with the Consortium at arm’s length under written agreements, like every other external party in the public-private-planet model, and hold no role in its stewardship.
Chaque valeur porte l'attribution de ses sources, qui conservent leurs propres licences. Les noms externes ne sont cités qu'à des fins d'interopérabilité. Les textes rédigés par Nexus sont destinés à être publiés sous licence CC BY 4.0.
Avis en français
La méthodologie et les définitions du NXS-GRX sont un projet de travail préparatoire (2026). Le NXS-GRX est une information de recherche et d’analyse des risques : ni notation, ni indice de référence financier, ni statistique officielle, ni alerte, ni conseil. Les classes de risque sont des bandes sur une échelle publiée, non des classements.