NXS-GRX · GS-11 · Global sector series
Global Biodiversity
Environmental pressure, ecosystem condition, nature dependency of economies and the nature–climate–water–food feedbacks.
Page GRX-SER-GS-11Edition Baseline Edition 2026Evidence close 2026-09-30Subject Nexus ReportsNexus Reports GS-11 (planned)Values not yet publishedSnapshot 31a753f76
FIG 1 · Series at a glance
Domain indices
1
Environmental pressure
Indicators
146
5 index domains
Hazard families
22
Land and ecosystems · Planetary boundaries and Earth-system tipping · Pollution and hazardous substances
Methods
24
Climate, nature and biodiversity
1
domain indices
146
indicators in scope
3
hazard domains
5
client groups
01Scope
Scope and questions
The subject is the one named by the Nexus Reports programme for this code.
- Where is ecosystem condition declining fastest?
- Which economies depend most on threatened ecosystem services?
- How do nature loss and climate change reinforce each other?
02Construction
Domain indices to the series index
The series index is the expert-weighted geometric mean of its domain indices, with the intervals and class rule of the methodology.
computation
How the Global Biodiversity index is builtGraph
01Domain indices
02Series index
03Readings
100%
List
- Environmental pressureDomain index · IDX · ENV0-10 index of environmental pressure and ecosystem condition combining air pollution, land and forest degradation, biodiversity status, ocean condition and waste pressure.
- Global Biodiversity indexSeries index · SERIES · GS-11Environmental pressure, ecosystem condition, nature dependency of economies and the nature–climate–water–food feedbacks.
- Country readingsOutput · OUTPUT · 195 profilesPublished with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
- Regional readingsOutput · OUTPUT · 5 regionsPublished with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
- Global readingOutput · OUTPUT · population or exposure weightedPublished with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
Not runIn progressDone
03Indices
Domain indices in this series
NXS-GRX · GS-11 · 195 profiles · 0–10 scale
Global Biodiversity index, world
—
Values publish with the edition; the interval, class and change appear here.
| Index | Value | Change | Change % | 90% interval | Class · probability | Trend | Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Environmental pressureNXS-GRX · ENV | — | — | — | — | — |
Domains read: Environment and biodiversity, Climate, Water, Food systems, Economic structure and trade.
04Indicators
146 indicators in scope
Every indicator whose primary or secondary domain is in scope, with unit, levels and crosswalks to source code lists.
FIG 3 · Indicators in scope, by domain and sub-domain
| Indicator | Domain | Sub-domain | Component | Unit | Levels | Crosswalks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food price inflationIND.MAC.prices.food_inflation | MAC | Prices and inflation | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | FAO_FAOSTAT CP |
| Exports of goods and services, current US dollarsIND.MAC.external.exports.usd | MAC | External balance and reserves | context | [USD] | COUNTRY | WB_WDI BX.GSR.GNFS.CD WB_WDI NE.EXP.GNFS.CD |
| Volatility of the terms of trade (10-year)IND.MAC.external.terms_of_trade_volatility | MAC | External balance and reserves | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | |
| Natural-resource revenue, share of general government revenueIND.FIS.revenue.resource_revenue_share | FIS | Revenue | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | |
| Bank exposure to carbon-intensive sectorsIND.FIN.climate_finance.carbon_intensive_exposure | FIN | Climate-related financial exposure | exposure | % | COUNTRY | |
| Bank lending exposed to high physical climate riskIND.FIN.climate_finance.physical_risk_lending | FIN | Climate-related financial exposure | exposure | % | COUNTRY | |
| Trade openness (exports plus imports, share of GDP)IND.ECO.trade.trade_openness.gdp | ECO | Trade | exposure | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS |
| International tourism receipts, share of exportsIND.ECO.trade.tourism_receipts.exports | ECO | Trade | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI ST.INT.RCPT.XP.ZS |
| Personal remittances received, share of GDPIND.ECO.trade.remittances.gdp | ECO | Trade | exposure | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI BX.TRF.PWKR.DT.GD.ZS SDG 17.3.2 |
| Net official development assistance received, share of GNIIND.ECO.trade.oda_dependence.gni | ECO | Trade | exposure | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI DT.ODA.ODAT.GN.ZS |
| Export product concentration (normalised HHI)IND.ECO.concentration.export_product_hhi | ECO | Export and import concentration | vulnerability | 1 | COUNTRY | |
| Export market concentration (normalised HHI)IND.ECO.concentration.export_market_hhi | ECO | Export and import concentration | vulnerability | 1 | COUNTRY | |
| Commodity export dependenceIND.ECO.concentration.commodity_export_share | ECO | Export and import concentration | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI TX.VAL.FUEL.ZS.UN WB_WDI TX.VAL.MMTL.ZS.UN WB_WDI TX.VAL.FOOD.ZS.UN WB_WDI TX.VAL.AGRI.ZS.UN |
| Manufactures, share of merchandise exportsIND.ECO.concentration.manufactures_export_share | ECO | Export and import concentration | adaptive capacity | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI TX.VAL.MANF.ZS.UN |
| Natural-resource rents, share of GDPIND.ECO.concentration.natural_resource_rents.gdp | ECO | Export and import concentration | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI NY.GDP.TOTL.RT.ZS |
| Economic complexity indexIND.ECO.concentration.economic_complexity | ECO | Export and import concentration | adaptive capacity | {score} | COUNTRY | |
| Food imports, share of merchandise importsIND.ECO.concentration.food_import_share | ECO | Export and import concentration | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI TM.VAL.FOOD.ZS.UN |
| Fuel imports, share of merchandise importsIND.ECO.concentration.fuel_import_share | ECO | Export and import concentration | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI TM.VAL.FUEL.ZS.UN |
| Net import reliance for critical mineralsIND.ECO.concentration.critical_minerals_import_reliance | ECO | Export and import concentration | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | |
| Import origin concentration (normalised HHI)IND.ECO.concentration.import_partner_hhi | ECO | Export and import concentration | vulnerability | 1 | COUNTRY | |
| Foreign value added share of gross exportsIND.ECO.supply_chain.gvc_backward_participation | ECO | Supply-chain exposure | exposure | % | COUNTRY | |
| Supplier concentration of intermediate-goods importsIND.ECO.supply_chain.intermediate_supplier_concentration | ECO | Supply-chain exposure | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | |
| Seaborne trade exposed to maritime chokepointsIND.ECO.supply_chain.chokepoint_exposure | ECO | Supply-chain exposure | exposure | % | COUNTRY | |
| Foreign direct investment net inflows, share of GDPIND.ECO.investment.fdi_inflows.gdp | ECO | Investment | coping capacity | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS |
| Surface warming since pre-industrialIND.CLI.physical_chronic.warming_since_preindustrial | CLI | Chronic physical change | hazard | K | GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | FAO_FAOSTAT ET |
| Change in annual precipitationIND.CLI.physical_chronic.precipitation_change | CLI | Chronic physical change | hazard | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
| Relative sea-level rise rateIND.CLI.physical_chronic.relative_sea_level_trend | CLI | Chronic physical change | hazard | mm/a | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 EN0402 |
| Hottest day of the year (TXx)IND.CLI.physical_acute.txx | CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | Cel | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | |
| Share of warm days (TX90p)IND.CLI.physical_acute.tx90p | CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
| Change in very hot days (35 °C or more)IND.CLI.physical_acute.hot_days_change | CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | d/a | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | |
| Warm spell duration (WSDI)IND.CLI.physical_acute.warm_spell_duration | CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | d/a | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
| Wettest day of the year (Rx1day)IND.CLI.physical_acute.rx1day | CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | mm | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | |
| Wettest five days of the year (Rx5day)IND.CLI.physical_acute.rx5day | CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | mm | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
| Precipitation from very wet days (R95pTOT)IND.CLI.physical_acute.very_wet_day_share | CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
| Longest dry spell (CDD)IND.CLI.physical_acute.consecutive_dry_days | CLI | Acute climate extremes | hazard | d | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
| Assets vulnerable to climate-related physical risks, shareIND.CLI.physical_acute.physical_risk_vulnerable_assets.share | CLI | Acute climate extremes | exposure | % | SITE, PORTFOLIO | IFRS_S2 29(c) |
| Projected warming since pre-industrialIND.CLI.projection.projected_warming | CLI | Scenario projections | hazard | K | GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
| Projected change in hottest-day temperatureIND.CLI.projection.projected_txx_change | CLI | Scenario projections | hazard | K | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
| Projected change in wettest five-day precipitationIND.CLI.projection.projected_rx5day_change | CLI | Scenario projections | hazard | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
| Projected relative sea-level riseIND.CLI.projection.projected_sea_level_rise | CLI | Scenario projections | hazard | m | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE | |
| Population below the future 100-year coastal flood level, shareIND.CLI.projection.slr_coastal_population_exposed.share | CLI | Scenario projections | exposure | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | WB_WDI EN.POP.EL5M.ZS |
| Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCFIND.CLI.emissions.ghg_total | CLI | Emissions | exposure | Mt/a | COUNTRY | WB_WDI EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5 SDG 13.2.2 |
| Greenhouse gas emissions per capitaIND.CLI.emissions.ghg_per_capita | CLI | Emissions | exposure | t/a/{person} | COUNTRY | WB_WDI EN.GHG.ALL.PC.CE.AR5 EPI GHP |
| Carbon intensity of GDPIND.CLI.emissions.carbon_intensity_gdp | CLI | Emissions | exposure | kg/[USD] | COUNTRY | WB_WDI EN.GHG.CO2.RT.GDP.KD SDG 9.4.1 |
| Financed emissions of a portfolioIND.CLI.emissions.financed_emissions | CLI | Emissions | exposure | Mt/a | PORTFOLIO | IFRS_S2 29(a)(vi) |
| Fossil-fuel rents, share of GDPIND.CLI.transition.fossil_fuel_rents.gdp | CLI | Transition exposure | exposure | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI NY.GDP.PETR.RT.ZS WB_WDI NY.GDP.NGAS.RT.ZS WB_WDI NY.GDP.COAL.RT.ZS |
| Fuel exports, share of merchandise exportsIND.CLI.transition.fossil_fuel_exports.share | CLI | Transition exposure | exposure | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI TX.VAL.FUEL.ZS.UN |
| Explicit fossil-fuel subsidies, share of GDPIND.CLI.transition.fossil_fuel_subsidies.gdp | CLI | Transition exposure | exposure | % | COUNTRY | |
| Assets vulnerable to climate-related transition risks, shareIND.CLI.transition.transition_risk_vulnerable_assets.share | CLI | Transition exposure | exposure | % | PORTFOLIO | IFRS_S2 29(b) |
| NDC 2030 economy-wide emissions targetIND.CLI.transition.ndc_target_ambition | CLI | Transition exposure | response | % | COUNTRY | SDG 13.2.1 |
| National adaptation plan submittedIND.CLI.adaptation.nap_submitted | CLI | Adaptation readiness | adaptive capacity | {bool} | COUNTRY | SDG 13.2.1 |
| Economic readiness for adaptation investmentIND.CLI.adaptation.economic_readiness | CLI | Adaptation readiness | adaptive capacity | {score} | COUNTRY | ND_GAIN economic |
| Governance readiness for adaptationIND.CLI.adaptation.governance_readiness | CLI | Adaptation readiness | adaptive capacity | {score} | COUNTRY | ND_GAIN governance |
| Social readiness for adaptationIND.CLI.adaptation.social_readiness | CLI | Adaptation readiness | adaptive capacity | {score} | COUNTRY | ND_GAIN social |
| International adaptation finance received per capitaIND.CLI.adaptation.adaptation_finance_received.pc | CLI | Adaptation readiness | adaptive capacity | [USD] | COUNTRY | |
| Population below 5 m elevation, shareIND.HAZ.coastal.low_elevation_population.share | HAZ | Coastal and sea level | exposure | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | WB_WDI EN.POP.EL5M.ZS |
| Frequency of severe meteorological droughtIND.HAZ.drought.spei_drought_frequency | HAZ | Drought | hazard | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0401 INFORM HA.NAT.DR |
| Frequency of agricultural drought stressIND.HAZ.drought.agricultural_stress_frequency | HAZ | Drought | hazard | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | INFORM ASI |
| Days of dangerous humid heat per yearIND.HAZ.heat.dangerous_heat_days | HAZ | Extreme heat | hazard | d/a | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0501 |
| Extreme fire-weather days per yearIND.HAZ.wildfire.extreme_fire_weather_days | HAZ | Wildfire | hazard | d/a | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
| Annual burned area, share of land areaIND.HAZ.wildfire.burned_area.share | HAZ | Wildfire | hazard | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 EN0205 EMDAT nat-cli-wil-wil |
| PM2.5 exposure, population-weighted meanIND.ENV.air.pm25_exposure | ENV | Air quality | hazard | ug/m3 | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | WB_WDI EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3 SDG 11.6.2 EPI PMD |
| Population exposed above the WHO PM2.5 guideline, shareIND.ENV.air.pm25_guideline_exceedance.share | ENV | Air quality | exposure | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | WB_WDI EN.ATM.PM25.MC.ZS |
| Seasonal peak ozone exposureIND.ENV.air.ozone_exposure | ENV | Air quality | hazard | [ppb] | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | |
| Land areaIND.ENV.land.land_area | ENV | Land and forests | context | km2 | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY | WB_WDI AG.LND.TOTL.K2 |
| Forest area, share of land areaIND.ENV.land.forest_cover.share | ENV | Land and forests | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY, ADM1 | SDG 15.1.1 WB_WDI AG.LND.FRST.ZS |
| Annual tree cover loss rateIND.ENV.land.tree_cover_loss.share | ENV | Land and forests | hazard | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRID | EPI TCL |
| Degraded land, share of land areaIND.ENV.land.land_degradation.share | ENV | Land and forests | hazard | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | SDG 15.3.1 |
| Road densityIND.ENV.land.road_density | ENV | Land and forests | hazard | km/km2 | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
| Red List IndexIND.ENV.biodiversity.red_list_index | ENV | Biodiversity | vulnerability | 1 | GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRY | SDG 15.5.1 |
| Biodiversity Intactness IndexIND.ENV.biodiversity.biodiversity_intactness | ENV | Biodiversity | vulnerability | 1 | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
| Terrestrial protected areas, share of land areaIND.ENV.biodiversity.terrestrial_protected.share | ENV | Biodiversity | response | % | COUNTRY, ADM1 | WB_WDI ER.LND.PTLD.ZS |
| Key biodiversity areas covered by protected areasIND.ENV.biodiversity.key_biodiversity_area_protected.share | ENV | Biodiversity | response | % | COUNTRY, REGION | SDG 15.1.2 |
| Marine protected areas, share of territorial watersIND.ENV.ocean.marine_protected.share | ENV | Ocean | response | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS SDG 14.5.1 |
| Coastal eutrophication indexIND.ENV.ocean.coastal_eutrophication | ENV | Ocean | hazard | % | COUNTRY, REGION | SDG 14.1.1 |
| Average marine acidity (pH)IND.ENV.ocean.ocean_acidity | ENV | Ocean | hazard | [pH] | COUNTRY, REGION, SITE | SDG 14.3.1 |
| Fish stocks within biologically sustainable levelsIND.ENV.ocean.sustainable_fish_stocks.share | ENV | Ocean | vulnerability | % | GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRY | SDG 14.4.1 |
| Marine heatwave days per yearIND.ENV.ocean.marine_heatwave_days | ENV | Ocean | hazard | d/a | COUNTRY, REGION, GRID | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0708 |
| Municipal solid waste generated per capitaIND.ENV.pollution.msw_generation.pc | ENV | Pollution and waste | hazard | kg/a/{person} | COUNTRY, CITY | |
| Municipal solid waste managed in controlled facilitiesIND.ENV.pollution.msw_controlled_management.share | ENV | Pollution and waste | coping capacity | % | COUNTRY, CITY | SDG 11.6.1 EPI MSW |
| Mismanaged plastic waste per capitaIND.ENV.pollution.mismanaged_plastic_waste.pc | ENV | Pollution and waste | hazard | kg/a/{person} | COUNTRY, ADM1 | |
| GDP in sectors highly dependent on nature, shareIND.ENV.nature_dependence.nature_dependent_gdp.share | ENV | Nature dependence | exposure | % | COUNTRY, PORTFOLIO | |
| Crop production value dependent on animal pollination, shareIND.ENV.nature_dependence.pollinator_dependent_crops.share | ENV | Nature dependence | exposure | % | COUNTRY, ADM1 | |
| Level of water stressIND.WAT.stress.water_stress | WAT | Water stress | hazard | % | COUNTRY, ADM1 | SDG 6.4.2 WB_WDI ER.H2O.FWST.ZS |
| Baseline water stress score (sub-basin)IND.WAT.stress.baseline_water_stress | WAT | Water stress | hazard | {score} | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE, PORTFOLIO | |
| Total renewable freshwater resources per capitaIND.WAT.stress.renewable_water.pc | WAT | Water stress | hazard | m3/a/{person} | COUNTRY | WB_WDI ER.H2O.INTR.PC |
| Groundwater storage declineIND.WAT.stress.groundwater_depletion | WAT | Water stress | hazard | mm/a | COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID | |
| Water-use efficiencyIND.WAT.stress.water_use_efficiency | WAT | Water stress | adaptive capacity | [USD]/m3 | COUNTRY | SDG 6.4.1 WB_WDI ER.GDP.FWTL.M3.KD |
| Population using safely managed drinking waterIND.WAT.access.safely_managed_drinking_water.share | WAT | Drinking water and sanitation | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | SDG 6.1.1 WB_WDI SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS EPI UWD |
| Population using at least basic drinking waterIND.WAT.access.basic_drinking_water.share | WAT | Drinking water and sanitation | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY, ADM1 | WB_WDI SH.H2O.BASW.ZS |
| Population using safely managed sanitationIND.WAT.access.safely_managed_sanitation.share | WAT | Drinking water and sanitation | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | WB_WDI SH.STA.SMSS.ZS SDG 6.2.1 EPI USD |
| Population with basic hand-washing facilitiesIND.WAT.access.basic_handwashing.share | WAT | Drinking water and sanitation | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY, ADM1 | WB_WDI SH.STA.HYGN.ZS SDG 6.2.1 |
| Water bodies with good ambient water qualityIND.WAT.quality.good_ambient_water_quality.share | WAT | Water quality | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY, ADM1 | SDG 6.3.2 |
| Wastewater flows safely treatedIND.WAT.quality.wastewater_safely_treated.share | WAT | Water quality | coping capacity | % | COUNTRY, CITY | SDG 6.3.1 EPI WWT |
| Dependency ratio on external renewable waterIND.WAT.dependence.external_water_dependency | WAT | Transboundary dependence | exposure | % | COUNTRY | |
| Transboundary basin area with operational cooperationIND.WAT.dependence.transboundary_cooperation.share | WAT | Transboundary dependence | coping capacity | % | COUNTRY | SDG 6.5.2 |
| GDP in GNSS-dependent activities, shareIND.SPC.dependence.gnss_dependent_gdp.share | SPC | Space-service dependence | exposure | % | COUNTRY, PORTFOLIO | UNDRR_HIPS_2025 ET0102 |
| Malaria incidenceIND.HLT.burden.malaria_incidence | HLT | Disease burden and mortality | hazard | /10*3 | COUNTRY | WB_WDI SH.MLR.INCD.P3 SDG 3.3.3 WHO_GHO SDGMALARIA |
| Reported cholera cases, per 100,000 populationIND.HLT.epidemic.cholera_cases.p100k | HLT | Epidemic and outbreak | hazard | /10*5 | COUNTRY | WHO_GHO CHOLERA_0000000001 |
| Stunting among children under fiveIND.HLT.nutrition.stunting | HLT | Nutrition | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI SH.STA.STNT.ME.ZS SDG 2.2.1 WHO_GHO NUTSTUNTINGPREV FAO_FAOSTAT 21025 |
| Wasting among children under fiveIND.HLT.nutrition.wasting | HLT | Nutrition | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY, ADM1 | WB_WDI SH.STA.WAST.ZS SDG 2.2.2 WHO_GHO NUTRITION_WH_2 FAO_FAOSTAT 21026 |
| Anaemia among women of reproductive ageIND.HLT.nutrition.anaemia_women | HLT | Nutrition | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI SH.ANM.ALLW.ZS WHO_GHO NUTRITION_ANAEMIA_REPRODUCTIVEAGE_PREV SDG 2.2.3 FAO_FAOSTAT 21043 |
| Prevalence of undernourishmentIND.FOO.availability.undernourishment | FOO | Availability | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | FAO_FAOSTAT 210041 SDG 2.1.1 WB_WDI SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS |
| Number of people undernourishedIND.FOO.availability.people_undernourished | FOO | Availability | vulnerability | {persons} | COUNTRY | FAO_FAOSTAT 210011 |
| Average dietary energy supply adequacyIND.FOO.availability.dietary_energy_adequacy | FOO | Availability | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | FAO_FAOSTAT 21010 |
| Per capita food supply variabilityIND.FOO.availability.food_supply_variability | FOO | Availability | vulnerability | kcal/d/{person} | COUNTRY | FAO_FAOSTAT 21031 |
| Cereal import dependency ratioIND.FOO.availability.cereal_import_dependency | FOO | Availability | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | FAO_FAOSTAT 21035 |
| Moderate or severe food insecurity (FIES)IND.FOO.access.fies_moderate_severe | FOO | Access and affordability | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | FAO_FAOSTAT 210091 SDG 2.1.2 WB_WDI SN.ITK.MSFI.ZS |
| Severe food insecurity (FIES)IND.FOO.access.fies_severe | FOO | Access and affordability | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | FAO_FAOSTAT 210401 SDG 2.1.2 WB_WDI SN.ITK.SVFI.ZS |
| Cost of a healthy dietIND.FOO.access.healthy_diet_cost | FOO | Access and affordability | vulnerability | [USD] | COUNTRY | WB_WDI CoHD_PPP |
| Population unable to afford a healthy dietIND.FOO.access.healthy_diet_unaffordable | FOO | Access and affordability | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI CoHD_headcount |
| Population in IPC Phase 3 or aboveIND.FOO.acute.ipc_phase3plus_population | FOO | Acute food insecurity | impact | {persons} | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2 | IPC Phase 3+ |
| Share of analysed population in IPC Phase 3 or aboveIND.FOO.acute.ipc_phase3plus_share | FOO | Acute food insecurity | impact | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2 | IPC Phase 3+ |
| IPC Phase 3 or above, share of total populationIND.FOO.acute.ipc_phase3plus_population_share_total | FOO | Acute food insecurity | impact | % | COUNTRY | |
| Presence of population in IPC Phase 5IND.FOO.acute.ipc_phase5_presence | FOO | Acute food insecurity | impact | {bool} | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2 | IPC Phase 5 |
| Indicator of food price anomalies (food CPI)IND.FOO.prices.food_price_anomaly | FOO | Food prices | hazard | 1 | COUNTRY | SDG 2.c.1 |
| Months with abnormally high food pricesIND.FOO.prices.abnormal_price_months | FOO | Food prices | hazard | % | COUNTRY | |
| Food import bill, share of merchandise exportsIND.FOO.prices.food_import_bill_to_exports | FOO | Food prices | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | FAO_FAOSTAT 21033 |
| Agriculture, forestry and fishing value added, share of GDPIND.FOO.agriculture.agri_value_added.gdp | FOO | Agricultural production and dependence | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS |
| Employment in agriculture, share of total employmentIND.FOO.agriculture.agri_employment_share | FOO | Agricultural production and dependence | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS |
| Cereal yieldIND.FOO.agriculture.cereal_yield | FOO | Agricultural production and dependence | vulnerability | kg/har | COUNTRY | WB_WDI AG.YLD.CREL.KG |
| Cereal yield variability (15-year)IND.FOO.agriculture.cereal_yield_variability | FOO | Agricultural production and dependence | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | |
| Agricultural water withdrawal, share of totalIND.FOO.agriculture.agri_water_withdrawal | FOO | Agricultural production and dependence | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI ER.H2O.FWAG.ZS |
| Cropland, share of land areaIND.FOO.agriculture.cropland.share | FOO | Agricultural production and dependence | exposure | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRID | WB_WDI AG.LND.ARBL.ZS |
| Vegetation Health Index on croplandIND.FOO.agriculture.vegetation_health_index | FOO | Agricultural production and dependence | hazard | {score} | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRID | |
| Casualties from landmines and explosive remnants of warIND.CON.civilian.explosive_ordnance_casualties | CON | Civilian harm | impact | {persons} | COUNTRY | |
| Business environment score (B-READY)IND.GOV.business.bready_overall | GOV | Business environment | coping capacity | {score} | COUNTRY | |
| Renewable share of total final energy consumptionIND.ENE.mix.renewable_share_tfec | ENE | Energy mix | adaptive capacity | % | COUNTRY | SDG 7.2.1 WB_WDI EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS |
| Primary energy intensity of GDPIND.ENE.mix.energy_intensity | ENE | Energy mix | vulnerability | MJ/[USD] | COUNTRY | SDG 7.3.1 WB_WDI EG.EGY.PRIM.PP.KD |
| Fossil share of electricity generationIND.ENE.mix.fossil_electricity_share | ENE | Energy mix | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS |
| Installed renewable generating capacity per capitaIND.ENE.mix.renewable_capacity.pc | ENE | Energy mix | adaptive capacity | W/{person} | COUNTRY | SDG 7.b.1 |
| Water-dependent electricity generation, shareIND.ENE.mix.water_dependent_generation.share | ENE | Energy mix | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY, ADM1 | |
| Crude oil and products import supplier concentrationIND.ENE.security.oil_import_concentration | ENE | Supply security and import dependence | vulnerability | 1 | COUNTRY | |
| Natural gas import supplier concentrationIND.ENE.security.gas_import_concentration | ENE | Supply security and import dependence | vulnerability | 1 | COUNTRY | |
| Coal import supplier concentrationIND.ENE.security.coal_import_concentration | ENE | Supply security and import dependence | vulnerability | 1 | COUNTRY | |
| Heating and cooling degree daysIND.ENE.reliability.thermal_demand_degree_days | ENE | Reliability | hazard | K.d/a | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID | |
| Critical-mineral import supplier concentrationIND.ENE.minerals.critical_mineral_import_concentration | ENE | Critical minerals | vulnerability | 1 | COUNTRY | |
| Largest single supplier share of critical-mineral importsIND.ENE.minerals.critical_mineral_top_supplier_share | ENE | Critical minerals | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | |
| Logistics performanceIND.INF.transport.logistics_performance | INF | Transport | coping capacity | {score} | COUNTRY | WB_WDI LP.LPI.OVRL.XQ |
| Liner shipping connectivity relative to the frontierIND.INF.transport.liner_shipping_connectivity | INF | Transport | coping capacity | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI IS.SHP.GCNW.XQ |
| Water supply network resilienceIND.INF.utilities.water_network_resilience | INF | Utilities | coping capacity | {score} | COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY | ISO_37123 ISO 37123:2019 |
| Water supply assets in high-hazard zones, shareIND.INF.utilities.water_assets_exposed.share | INF | Utilities | exposure | % | COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID | |
| Infrastructure investment gap, share of GDPIND.INF.utilities.infrastructure_investment_gap.gdp | INF | Utilities | vulnerability | % | COUNTRY | |
| ICT services value added, share of GDPIND.CYB.dependence.ict_services_share.gdp | CYB | Digital dependence | exposure | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI BX.GSR.CCIS.ZS |
| High-technology exports, share of manufactured exportsIND.TEC.capability.high_tech_exports | TEC | Technology capability | adaptive capacity | % | COUNTRY | WB_WDI TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS SDG 9.b.1 |
| Semiconductor import supplier concentrationIND.TEC.concentration.semiconductor_import_concentration | TEC | Concentration and dependence | vulnerability | 1 | COUNTRY |
05Hazards
Hazard families this series reads
families, each crosswalked to the UNDRR–ISC Hazard Information Profiles (2025) where a profile exists.
FIG 4 · Hazard families this series reads
| Family | Domain | Hazards | Count |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vegetation and peat fire | Land and ecosystems | Extreme fire weather, Wildfire, Wildland-urban interface fire, Peat and underground fire, Fire regime shift | 5 |
| Forest and woodland stress | Land and ecosystems | Deforestation, Forest dieback, Large forest disturbance, Forest pest invasion, Native forest insect outbreak | 5 |
| Land and wetland degradation | Land and ecosystems | Land degradation, Desertification, Soil quality decline, Soil salinisation and sodicity, Wetland loss, Mangrove loss, Peatland drainage and degradation, Soil sealing … | 9 |
| Biodiversity and species stress | Land and ecosystems | Biodiversity loss, Coral bleaching, Pollinator decline, Fishery collapse, Mass wildlife mortality, Human-wildlife conflict, Wildlife disease panzootic, Insect decline … | 12 |
| Climate-state shifts | Land and ecosystems | Abrupt climate-system shift, Volcanic cooling | 2 |
| Ecosystem regime shifts | Land and ecosystems | Kelp forest collapse, Seagrass meadow loss, Lake clear-to-turbid shift, Woody plant encroachment, Coastal habitat squeeze, Food-web collapse | 6 |
| Planetary boundary transgressions | Planetary boundaries and Earth-system tipping | Climate-forcing boundary transgression, Global temperature overshoot, Global warming acceleration, Atmospheric methane surge, Extinction-rate boundary transgression, Biosphere functional integrity loss, Land-system change boundary transgression, Blue-water flow disturbance … | 14 |
| Ice tipping elements | Planetary boundaries and Earth-system tipping | Greenland ice sheet tipping, West Antarctic ice sheet collapse, East Antarctic subglacial basin retreat, Arctic winter sea-ice collapse, Antarctic sea-ice regime shift, Regional glacier extinction | 6 |
| Ocean circulation and marine tipping | Planetary boundaries and Earth-system tipping | Atlantic overturning weakening, Atlantic overturning collapse, Subpolar gyre convection collapse, Antarctic overturning slowdown, Arctic Ocean atlantification, Warm-water coral reef die-off, Marine methane hydrate destabilisation | 7 |
| Biome tipping elements | Planetary boundaries and Earth-system tipping | Amazon rainforest dieback, Boreal forest southern dieback, Boreal forest northern advance, Tropical forest carbon-sink reversal, Sahel vegetation regime shift | 5 |
| Carbon-cycle feedbacks | Planetary boundaries and Earth-system tipping | Permafrost carbon release, Abrupt permafrost thaw emission, Subsea permafrost greenhouse gas release, Wetland methane feedback, Land carbon sink weakening, Ocean carbon sink weakening, Soil carbon respiration feedback | 7 |
| Atmospheric circulation and monsoon tipping | Planetary boundaries and Earth-system tipping | South Asian monsoon regime shift, West African monsoon regime shift, South American monsoon weakening, East Asian monsoon regime shift, Tropical belt widening, Tropical Pacific regime change, Jet-stream regime change, Marine stratocumulus deck breakup … | 9 |
| Deep-time and cosmic catastrophes | Planetary boundaries and Earth-system tipping | Supereruption, Large-magnitude explosive eruption, Flood-basalt eruption episode, Impact winter, Comet shower, Solar superflare, Gamma-ray burst, Nearby supernova … | 10 |
| Air pollution episodes | Pollution and hazardous substances | Outdoor air pollution episode, Point-source air emission, Household air pollution, Black carbon, Acid deposition, Ground-level ozone episode, Open waste burning, Agricultural residue burning … | 9 |
| Contaminated water, soil and food | Pollution and hazardous substances | Diffuse runoff pollution, Soil contamination, Chemical water contamination, Oil spill, Microplastic contamination, Food and feed contamination, Mycotoxin contamination, Seafood biotoxin contamination … | 10 |
| Persistent and bioaccumulative substances | Pollution and hazardous substances | Persistent organic pollutants, PFAS contamination, Mercury exposure, Lead exposure, Cadmium exposure, Arsenic in drinking water, Trace-element imbalance, Asbestos exposure … | 9 |
| Hazardous releases and chemical agents | Pollution and hazardous substances | Chemical spill or leak, Toxic gas release, Asphyxiant gas release, Carbon monoxide poisoning, Corrosive substance release, Deliberate chemical-agent release | 6 |
| Ionising radiation and nuclear material | Pollution and hazardous substances | Nuclear plant accident, Radioactive material release, Nuclear detonation, Radioactive waste containment failure | 4 |
| Waste and residue failures | Pollution and hazardous substances | Solid waste mismanagement, Landfill failure, Hazardous and clinical waste release, Electronic waste exposure, Plastic waste accumulation, Marine debris, Untreated wastewater discharge, Waste impoundment failure … | 9 |
| Novel entities and emerging contaminants | Pollution and hazardous substances | Nanoplastic accumulation, Tyre and road wear particles, Endocrine-disrupting chemical exposure, Pharmaceutical pollution, Environmental spread of antimicrobial resistance, Unassessed chemical mixture exposure, Engineered nanomaterial release | 7 |
| Indoor environment hazards | Pollution and hazardous substances | Poor indoor air quality, Damp and mould exposure, Indoor chemical off-gassing, Indoor overheating, Second-hand smoke exposure | 5 |
| Noise, light and thermal pollution | Pollution and hazardous substances | Environmental noise pollution, Light pollution, Underwater noise pollution, Thermal water pollution | 4 |
06Pathways
How this risk can move to 2100
FIG 5 · Explorer: a pathway fan chart to 2100
–
runs in your browser
07Methods
Method libraries
Each method has a reference implementation or declares the specialist model, data or adapter it still needs; none is promoted beyond its evidence.
24 methods
Climate, nature and biodiversity
Climate Extremes · Chronic Climate Risk · Compound Climate Risk · Climate Scenario Ensemble · Climate Attribution Science · Land Cover Change · Deforestation …
08Users
Who uses it
Governments and national risk agencies
Prioritise prevention and preparedness; Plan with subnational layers; Track Sendai targets; Co-develop a national index
Banks, asset managers and sovereign investors
Read sovereign and systemic context; Run climate pathway packs; Build portfolio postures
Companies and supply chains
Screen sites and suppliers; Watch chokepoints and pulse; Read country context
Civil society and NGOs
Target programmes; Use open profiles; Contribute local evidence
Universities and research
Replicate every value; Study methods; Contribute data and review
09Reports
Nexus Reports
- Edition code
GS-11- Edition status
- planned
- Subject
- Named by Nexus Reports
10Cite
Cite and reuse
GCRI Canada (2026). The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX (canonical data, provenance and risk)): Global Biodiversity series (GRX-SER-GS-11), Baseline Edition 2026. Preparatory working draft. https://risksindex.com/series/gs-11/ UNI NXS-GRX-AR-000069.
- Series key
grix:SER.GS-11:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A- Domain keys
nis:IDX.ENV.biodiversity.environmental_pressure:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A
Every country reads this series
Each country profile carries the domain indices this series is built from.
Status
The methodology, structure and definitions of The Global Risks Index are a preparatory working draft (2026), circulated for review and comment and not for implementation. No value appears until an edition is released from a governed evidence cut; values then carry intervals, classes, sources and their correction pathway. Simulators run the published methods on numbers you choose and never show a NXS-GRX value.
What NXS-GRX is not
NXS-GRX is research and risk-analytics information. It is not a credit or ESG rating and uses no rating scale, not a benchmark for financial instruments, not official statistics, not an emergency warning or official classification, and not advice. It must not be used to evaluate natural persons. Risk classes are bands on a published scale, never rankings of countries or people.
Institutions and sources
The Nexus Consortium is stewarded by three independent not-for-profit institutions: GCRI Canada as Lead Institution, Consortium Secretariat and lead contracting organization, The Global Risks Forum (GRF) and The Global Risks Alliance (GRA). Technology, infrastructure and service providers work with the Consortium at arm's length under written agreements, like every other external party in the public-private-planet model, and hold no role in its stewardship.
Every value carries the attribution of its sources, which keep their own licences. External names are cited for interoperability only. Nexus-authored text is intended for CC BY 4.0 on release.
Avis en français
La méthodologie et les définitions du NXS-GRX sont un projet de travail préparatoire (2026). Le NXS-GRX est une information de recherche et d'analyse des risques : ni notation, ni indice de référence financier, ni statistique officielle, ni alerte, ni conseil. Les classes de risque sont des bandes sur une échelle publiée, non des classements.