Skip to content

Foundry

The Global Risks Index

The Global Risks Index · Planet · Oceans and seas

Oceans and seas

The world’s oceans and seas over the sea-floor relief, with their areas.

Table Planet
Page GRX-PLANET-OCEdition Baseline Edition 2026Evidence close 2026-09-30Values not yet publishedMethod v1.0.0-draft
FIG 1 · Oceans and seas
Loading the map

Zones over sea-floor and land relief · Terrain TilesRisk values when released
Lowest fifthLow fifthMiddle fifthHigh fifthHighest fifth
Area km² by zone, in quantile fifths among the zones shown. Source observations, not index values. Boundaries, names and zones are shown as recorded by their sources, for location only. They take no position on the status of any territory, on any claim or on the delimitation of any boundary.
295
named marine areas
7
oceans
Natural Earth
source
Kikoa cha umma
licence

01Table

295 named marine areas

Natural Earth’s named oceans, seas, gulfs, bays, straits and channels; areas overlap where a sea lies within an ocean.

Name Kind Area km²
Adriatic Sea sea 140,712
Aegean Sea sea 118,494
Albemarle Sound sound 2,572
Alboran Sea sea 54,868
Amazon river 10,564
Amundsen Gulf gulf 74,440
Amundsen Sea sea 94,721
Andaman Sea sea 622,211
Antongil Bay bay 2,784
Arabian Sea sea 4,147,802
Arafura Sea sea 730,062
Arctic Ocean ocean 5,212,529
Atlantic Ocean ocean 31,134,513
Atlantic Ocean ocean 40,469,747
Bab-el-Mandeb strait 61
Baffin Bay bay 447,052
Bahía Blanca bay 2,778
Bahía Grande bay 13,634
Baía de São Marcos bay 7,015
Baird Inlet inlet 1,169
Balearic Sea sea 79,178
Bali Sea sea 43,591
Bali Strait strait 3,051
Baltic Sea sea 205,986
Banda Sea sea 735,130
Barents Sea sea 1,371,121
Bass Strait strait 107,349
Bathurst Inlet bay 2,162
Bay of Bengal bay 2,044,527
Bay of Biscay bay 214,939
Bay of Campeche bay 158,995
Bay of Fundy bay 15,534
Bay of Mecklenburg bay 5,523
Bay of Plenty bay 13,830
Beaufort Sea sea 411,173
Bellingshausen Sea sea 229,810
Bering Sea sea 2,220,500
Bight of Benin bay 54,063
Bight of Biafra bay 31,768
Bismarck Sea sea 332,441
Black Sea sea 421,429
Boca Grande bay 5,713
Bohai Sea sea 77,804
Bohol Sea sea 39,731
Boknafjord fjord 1,373
Bosporus strait 118
Bransfield Strait strait 74,421
Bras d’Or Lake lagoon 1,159
Bristol Bay bay 62,007
Bristol Channel channel 20,895
Buli Bay gulf 16,925
Canal do Norte channel 3,444
Canal do Sul channel 2,908
Canal Perigoso channel 533
Caribbean Sea sea 2,838,563
Caspian Sea sea 378,757
Celebes Sea sea 460,919
Ceram Sea sea 157,918
Chaunskaya Bay bay 7,570
Chesapeake Bay bay 11,649
Chukchi Sea sea 340,233
Columbia River river 488
Cook Strait strait 5,573
Coral Sea sea 3,979,225
Cordova Bay bay 2,031
Cumberland Sound sound 25,416
Dampier Strait strait 11,648
Dardanelles channel 362
Darnley Bay bay 1,544
Davao Gulf gulf 6,869
Davis Sea sea 368,689
Davis Strait strait 671,026
Delaware Bay bay 2,033
Denmark Strait strait 48,957
Disko Bay bay 12,293
Dixon Entrance channel 4,897
Dmitry Laptev Strait strait 6,528
Drake Passage channel 0
East China Sea sea 729,457
East Korea Bay bay 7,529
East Siberian Sea sea 595,561
Eclipse Sound sound 6,716
English Channel channel 96,411
Flores Sea sea 115,095
Florida Strait strait 85,873
Foxe Basin bay 204,457
Franklin Bay bay 480
Frobisher Bay bay 8,976
Fury and Hecla Strait strait 3,301
Garabogazköl bay 16,932
Geographe Bay bay 17,397
George VI Sound sound 35,707
Goldsmith Channel channel 907
Great Australian Bight gulf 1,213,542
Great Barrier Reef reef 349,449
Great Barrier Reef reef 0
Greenland Sea sea 1,180,688
Guba Gusinaya bay 1,465
Gulf of Aden gulf 259,441
Gulf of Alaska gulf 424,364
Gulf of Anadyr gulf 97,745
Gulf of Aqaba gulf 3,306
Gulf of Boothia gulf 53,809
Gulf of Bothnia gulf 119,449
Gulf of California gulf 172,138
Gulf of Carpentaria gulf 291,443
Gulf of Corcovado gulf 24,672
Gulf of Finland gulf 30,234
Gulf of Gabès gulf 8,901
Gulf of Guayaquil gulf 11,336
Gulf of Guinea gulf 642,301
Gulf of Honduras gulf 15,232
Gulf of Khambhat gulf 23,227
Gulf of Kutch gulf 7,007
Gulf of Lion gulf 17,024
Gulf of Maine gulf 71,801
Gulf of Mannar gulf 34,446
Gulf of Martaban gulf 30,241
Gulf of Masirah gulf 8,260
Gulf of Mexico gulf 1,406,280
Gulf of Ob gulf 52,666
Gulf of Oman gulf 108,960
Gulf of Panama gulf 30,150
Gulf of Papua gulf 40,630
Gulf of Penas gulf 8,955
Gulf of Riga gulf 18,105
Gulf of Saint Lawrence gulf 241,684
Gulf of Sidra gulf 58,369
Gulf of Suez gulf 10,583
Gulf of Tehuantepec gulf 17,602
Gulf of Thailand gulf 299,892
Gulf of Tomini gulf 57,838
Gulf of Tonkin gulf 115,770
Gulf of Urabá gulf 1,788
Gulf St Vincent gulf 39,494
Hadley Bay bay 3,437
Hall Basin gulf 5,835
Halmahera Sea sea 42,780
Hamilton Inlet bay 4,336
Hangzhouwan bay 7,868
Hecate Strait strait 28,852
Hudson Bay bay 766,996
Hudson Strait strait 161,644
Husky Lakes lagoon 1,525
Indian Ocean ocean 60,474,722
Inútil Bay bay 5,136
Ionian Sea sea 171,900
Irish Sea sea 50,694
James Bay bay 68,564
Java Sea sea 551,833
Jones Sound sound 25,216
Joseph Bonaparte Gulf gulf 27,667
Kaliningrad lagoon 1,477
Kamchatka Gulf gulf 7,495
Kane Basin bay 29,299
Kao Bay gulf 9,274
Kara Sea sea 809,724
Kara Strait strait 29
Karaginsky Gulf gulf 30,394
Kattegat sea 23,907
Kennedy Channel channel 3,207
Khatanga Gulf gulf 14,800
Korea Strait strait 90,939
Kotzebue Sound sound 11,616
Kronotsky Gulf gulf 7,920
La Pérouse Strait strait 39
Labrador Sea sea 897,934
Laccadive Sea sea 818,840
Lake Maracaibo lagoon 12,246
Lake Mogotoyevo lagoon 775
Lake Pontchartrain lagoon 1,516
Laptev Sea sea 411,142
Leyte Gulf gulf 4,375
Liddon Gulf gulf 2,972
Ligurian Sea sea 13,186
Lincoln Sea sea 35,152
Long Island Sound sound 2,926
Lützow-Holm Bay bay 23,473
Luzon Strait strait 0
M’Clure Strait strait 40,541
Mackenzie Bay bay 9,819
Makassar Strait strait 187,959
Maputo Bay bay 64
Marajó Bay bay 9,117
Marguerite Bay bay 24,063
Massachusetts Bay bay 3,480
Matochkin Strait strait 604
McMurdo Sound sound 82,196
Mediterranean Sea sea 1,565,316
Melville Bay bay 29,502
Minto Inlet sound 1,991
Molucca Sea sea 218,146
Monterey Bay bay 782
Mozambique Channel channel 1,377,348
Murchison Sound sound 6,095
North Sea sea 502,226
Northwest Passage channel 544,398
Norton Sound sound 26,925
Norwegian Sea sea 1,517,894
Olenyok Gulf gulf 8,953
Øresund sound 2,147
Pacific Ocean ocean 64,075,744
Pacific Ocean ocean 75,146,572
Palk Strait strait 13,824
Pamlico Sound sound 6,150
Patos Lagoon lagoon 9,842
Peacock Sound sound 17,105
Persian Gulf gulf 243,856
Philippine Sea sea 5,575,962
Porpoise Bay bay 9,422
Prince Albert Sound sound 8,367
Prince of Wales Strait strait 7,303
Prince William Sound sound 9,249
Prydz Bay bay 106,878
Qiongzhou Strait strait 2,421
Queen Charlotte Sound sound 32,548
Queen Charlotte Strait strait 5,285
Ragay Gulf gulf 4,119
Red Sea sea 447,461
Richard Collinson Inlet bay 1,335
Río de la Plata gulf 32,230
Robeson Channel channel 2,712
Ronne Entrance channel 4,808
Ross Sea sea 1,646,559
Saint Lawrence River channel 38,354
Sakhalin Gulf gulf 14,079
Salish Sea sea 19,155
Samar Sea sea 13,342
San Francisco Bay bay 1,286
San Jorge Gulf gulf 26,043
San Matías Gulf gulf 17,633
Sargasso Sea sea 3,013,219
Savu Sea sea 102,390
Scoresby Sound fjord 13,699
Scotia Sea sea 467
Sea of Azov sea 37,473
Sea of Crete sea 75,144
Sea of Japan sea 957,338
Sea of Marmara sea 11,545
Sea of Okhotsk sea 1,453,137
Sea of the Hebrides sea 44,406
Seno Otway sound 2,503
Seno Skyring sound 2,008
Seto Inland Sea sea 24,030
Shark Bay bay 7,698
Shelikhov Gulf gulf 130,786
Sherman Basin bay 1,244
Sibuyan Sea sea 29,337
Singapore Strait strait 3,536
Skagerrak fjord 32,483
Smith Sound sound 2,270
Sognefjord fjord 1,306
Solomon Sea sea 747,977
South China Sea sea 3,181,506
Southern Ocean ocean 16,626,737
St. Helena Bay bay 68
Storfjorden fjord 10,761
Strait of Belle Isle strait 4,324
Strait of Gibraltar strait 23
Strait of Magellan strait 13,700
Strait of Malacca strait 197,755
Strait of Tartary strait 5,376
Sulu Sea sea 327,702
Sulzberger Bay bay 24,179
Surigao Strait strait 3,091
Szczecin Lagoon lagoon 721
Taiwan Strait strait 48,989
Tasman Sea sea 3,333,765
Tayabas Bay bay 6,485
Tikahtnu Inlet bay 19,328
Timor Sea sea 403,877
Torres Strait strait 26,439
Trondheimsfjord fjord 2,274
Tsugaru Strait strait 5,682
Tyrrhenian Sea sea 217,188
Uchiura Bay bay 25,903
Uda Gulf bay 22,922
Ungava Bay bay 49,338
Uummannaq fjord fjord 9,145
Vestfjorden fjord 13,106
Vilkitsky Strait strait 11,010
Vincennes Bay bay 14,970
Visayan Sea sea 18,284
Viscount Melville Sound sound 55,304
Wadden Sea lagoon 1,896
Wager Bay bay 3,205
Weddell Sea sea 1,324,104
White Sea sea 91,559
Wrigley Gulf gulf 25,869
Wynniatt Bay bay 1,502
Yana Bay gulf 63,499
Yangtze river 3,787
Yellow Sea sea 377,331
Yenisei Gulf gulf 14,740
Yucatán Channel channel 11
02Vyanzo

Sources, credits and licences

Natural Earth 1:10m marine areas
Made with Natural Earth (1:10m geography marine polygons, public domain) · source
Basemap
OpenFreeMap © OpenMapTiles (CC BY 4.0) · data © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL 1.0). Vector tiles requested by the reader’s browser, unmodified; the map falls back to plain land and sea when the host does not answer.
Terrain
Terrain Tiles (Mapzen, AWS Open Data), compiled from SRTM and other public elevation sources (NASA, USGS, ETOPO1, GMTED, EU-DEM under the Copernicus programme, Geoscience Australia, Kartverket, INEGI, LINZ, data.gov.uk). Display relief, not survey data.
People
GHSL 2025 population grid, European Commission Joint Research Centre (CC BY 4.0), shown at 0.05° and summed per unit; WorldPop 2025 (CC BY 4.0) as a second estimate. Units smaller than a grid cell take the density of the cell under them.
Nchi
Natural Earth (public domain).
Position
Boundaries, names and zones are shown as recorded by their sources, for location only. They take no position on the status of any territory, on any claim or on the delimitation of any boundary.

Hali

The methodology, structure and definitions of The Global Risks Index are a preparatory working draft (2026), circulated for review and comment and not for implementation. No value appears until an edition is released from a governed evidence cut; values then carry intervals, classes, sources and their correction pathway. Simulators run the published methods on numbers you choose and never show a NXS-GRX value.

NXS-GRX si nini

NXS-GRX ni taarifa ya utafiti na uchambuzi wa hatari. Si daraja la mikopo wala la ESG na haitumii kipimo chochote cha daraja, si kigezo cha vyombo vya fedha, si takwimu rasmi, si onyo la dharura wala uainishaji rasmi, na si ushauri. Haipaswi kutumiwa kutathmini watu binafsi. Madaraja ya hatari ni mikanda kwenye kipimo kilichochapishwa, kamwe si mpangilio wa nchi au watu.

Taasisi na vyanzo

The Nexus Consortium is stewarded by three independent not-for-profit institutions: The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), through GCRI US in Washington, DC and GCRI Canada in Ontario, with GCRI Canada as Lead Institution, Consortium Secretariat and lead contracting organisation; The Global Risks Forum (GRF); and The Global Risks Alliance (GRA). Technology, infrastructure and service providers work with the Consortium at arm’s length under written agreements, like every other external party in the public-private-planet model, and hold no role in its stewardship.

Every value carries the attribution of its sources, which keep their own licences. External names are cited for interoperability only. Nexus-authored text is intended for CC BY 4.0 on release.

Avis en français

La méthodologie et les définitions du NXS-GRX sont un projet de travail préparatoire (2026). Le NXS-GRX est une information de recherche et d’analyse des risques : ni notation, ni indice de référence financier, ni statistique officielle, ni alerte, ni conseil. Les classes de risque sont des bandes sur une échelle publiée, non des classements.