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The Global Risks Index

The Global Risks Index · TH-03 · Thematic series

Pembiayaan Risiko Bencana (DRF)

Sensitivitas kerugian, kesenjangan perlindungan, kewajiban kontinjensi, dan pertanyaan kesiapan untuk pembiayaan yang diatur sebelumnya, asuransi, dan transfer risiko.

Page GRX-SER-TH-03Edition Baseline Edition 2026Evidence close 2026-09-30Subject NXS-GRX (canonical data, provenance and risk) mechanismValues not yet publishedMethod v1.0.0-draft
FIG 1 · Series at a glance
Indeks domain

1

Risiko fiskal dan utang publik

Indikator

178

4 index domains

Hazard families

19

Atmosphere and weather · Water systems · Solid Earth.

Metode

89

Catastrophe risk · Insurance and reinsurance

Counts from the indicator, hazard and model registries.
1
indeks ranah
178
indicators in scope
3
ranah bahaya
4
client groups

01Lingkup

Scope and questions

This thematic series comes from the a mechanism of the Index (Nexus, DRR, DRF and DRI architecture).

Boundary. DRF readings identify questions and gaps; they never create financeability, insurability, underwriting, coverage, allocation or financial advice.
  1. How large is the protection gap?
  2. What share of a severe year’s loss is pre-financed?
  3. Which layers of risk suit which instruments?
02Konstruksi

Domain indices to the series index

The series index is the expert-weighted geometric mean of its domain indices, with the intervals and class rule of the methodology.

computation

How the Disaster Risk Finance (DRF) index is built

Graph5 nodes
Grafik
01Indeks domain
02Series index
03Readings

100%
Indeks
  1. Risiko fiskal dan utang publik

    Domain index · IDX · FIS
    Expert-weighted geometric mean of the six fiscal sub-indices and the MAC external vulnerability sub-index, each on 0–10 and floored at 0.1 before aggregation.
  2. Disaster Risk Finance (DRF) index

    Series index · SERIES · TH-03
    Sensitivitas kerugian, kesenjangan perlindungan, kewajiban kontinjensi, dan pertanyaan kesiapan untuk pembiayaan yang diatur sebelumnya, asuransi, dan transfer risiko.
  3. Country readings

    Output · OUTPUT · 195 profiles
    Published with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
  4. Regional readings

    Output · OUTPUT · 5 regions
    Published with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
  5. Global reading

    Output · OUTPUT · population or exposure weighted
    Published with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
Belum dijalankanSedang berjalanSelesai
FIG 2. Select a domain index to open its full construction; Simulate run plays the computation. Schematic of the construction; source: Indicator Standard composite definitions.
03Indeks

Domain indices in this series

The Global Risks Index · TH-03 · 195 profiles · 0–10 scale
Disaster Risk Finance (DRF) index, world
–
Nilai terbit bersama edisi; interval, kelas, dan perubahan muncul di sini.
Indeks Nilai Perubahan Perubahan % Interval 90% Kelas · probabilitas Tren Rentang
Risiko fiskal dan utang publikNXS-GRX · FIS – – – – –

Domains read: Fiscal and public debt, Hazard and exposure, Financial system, Coping capacity and resilience.

04Indikator

178 indicators in scope

Every indicator whose primary or secondary domain is in scope, with unit, levels and crosswalks to source code lists.

FIG 3 · Indicators in scope, by domain and sub-domain
HAZ · 53FIS · 37FIN · 32CRS · 18
Area is the number of indicator definitions; colour is the pillar the domain feeds (Macroeconomy and Space feed through their indices). Select a block to filter the table. Source: Indicator Standard Nexus Indicator Standard register.
Indikator Domain Sub-domain Komponen Unit Tingkat Crosswalks
Utang luar negeri jangka pendek, porsi terhadap cadangan devisaIND.MAC.external.short_term_debt_to_reserves MAC External balance and reserves vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI DT.DOD.DSTC.IR.ZS
Posisi utang luar negeri, porsi terhadap PNBIND.MAC.external.external_debt.gni MAC External balance and reserves vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI DT.DOD.DECT.GN.ZS
Saldo keseluruhan pemerintah umum, porsi terhadap PDBIND.FIS.balance.overall_balance.gdp FIS Fiscal balance vulnerability % COUNTRY IMF_WEO GGXCNL_NGDP WB_WDI GC.NLD.TOTL.GD.ZS
Keseimbangan primer pemerintah umum, porsi terhadap PDBIND.FIS.balance.primary_balance.gdp FIS Fiscal balance vulnerability % COUNTRY IMF_WEO GGXONLB_NGDP
Saldo struktural pemerintah umum, porsi terhadap PDB potensialIND.FIS.balance.structural_balance.potgdp FIS Fiscal balance vulnerability % COUNTRY IMF_WEO GGSB_NPGDP
Interest-rate-growth differential (r – g)IND.FIS.balance.interest_growth_differential FIS Fiscal balance vulnerability % COUNTRY
Pendapatan pemerintah umum, dolar AS berlakuIND.FIS.revenue.total.usd FIS Revenue context [USD] COUNTRY IMF_GFS 1
Pendapatan pemerintah umum, porsi terhadap PDBIND.FIS.revenue.total.gdp FIS Revenue kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY IMF_WEO GGR_NGDP SDG 17.1.1 WB_WDI GC.REV.XGRT.GD.ZS
Penerimaan pajak, porsi terhadap PDBIND.FIS.revenue.tax.gdp FIS Revenue kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY WB_WDI GC.TAX.TOTL.GD.ZS IMF_GFS 11
Upaya pajak (aktual terhadap estimasi kapasitas pajak)IND.FIS.revenue.tax_effort FIS Revenue kapasitas adaptif 1 COUNTRY
Pendapatan sumber daya alam, porsi terhadap pendapatan pemerintah umumIND.FIS.revenue.resource_revenue_share FIS Revenue vulnerability % COUNTRY
Belanja pemerintah umum, porsi terhadap PDBIND.FIS.expenditure.total.gdp FIS Expenditure context % COUNTRY IMF_WEO GGX_NGDP WB_WDI GC.XPN.TOTL.GD.ZS
Belanja kaku, porsi terhadap pendapatanIND.FIS.expenditure.rigid_share.revenue FIS Expenditure vulnerability % COUNTRY
Pembayaran bunga, porsi terhadap pendapatanIND.FIS.expenditure.interest.revenue FIS Expenditure vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI GC.XPN.INTP.RV.ZS
Utang bruto pemerintah umum, porsi terhadap PDBIND.FIS.debt.gross_debt.gdp FIS Debt stock and composition vulnerability % COUNTRY IMF_WEO GGXWDG_NGDP WB_WDI GC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS
Utang neto pemerintah umum, porsi terhadap PDBIND.FIS.debt.net_debt.gdp FIS Debt stock and composition vulnerability % COUNTRY IMF_WEO GGXWDN_NGDP
Porsi valuta asing dalam utang pemerintah umumIND.FIS.debt.fx_share FIS Debt stock and composition vulnerability % COUNTRY
Porsi jangka pendek utang pemerintah umum (sisa jatuh tempo)IND.FIS.debt.short_term_share FIS Debt stock and composition vulnerability % COUNTRY
Rata-rata waktu jatuh tempo utang pemerintah umumIND.FIS.debt.average_maturity FIS Debt stock and composition vulnerability a COUNTRY
Kepemilikan nonresiden atas utang pemerintah umumIND.FIS.debt.nonresident_share FIS Debt stock and composition vulnerability % COUNTRY
Porsi konsesional utang luar negeri pemerintahIND.FIS.debt.concessional_share FIS Debt stock and composition vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI DT.DOD.ALLC.ZS
Nilai kini utang luar negeri pemerintah, porsi terhadap PDBIND.FIS.debt.external_ppg_pv.gdp FIS Debt stock and composition vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI DT.DOD.PVLX.GN.ZS
Nilai kini utang luar negeri pemerintah, porsi terhadap eksporIND.FIS.debt.external_ppg_pv.exports FIS Debt stock and composition vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI DT.DOD.PVLX.EX.ZS
Kebutuhan pembiayaan bruto pemerintah, porsi terhadap PDBIND.FIS.financing.gross_financing_needs.gdp FIS Kebutuhan pembiayaan bruto vulnerability % COUNTRY
Pembayaran utang luar negeri pemerintah, porsi terhadap pendapatanIND.FIS.financing.external_ppg_debt_service.revenue FIS Kebutuhan pembiayaan bruto vulnerability % COUNTRY
Pembayaran utang luar negeri pemerintah, porsi terhadap eksporIND.FIS.financing.external_ppg_debt_service.exports FIS Kebutuhan pembiayaan bruto vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI DT.TDS.DPPG.XP.ZS SDG 17.4.1
Selisih imbal hasil obligasi negara terhadap acuanIND.FIS.financing.sovereign_spread FIS Kebutuhan pembiayaan bruto vulnerability % COUNTRY
Selisih credit default swap negara lima tahunIND.FIS.financing.sovereign_cds_5y FIS Kebutuhan pembiayaan bruto vulnerability % COUNTRY
Utang badan usaha publik nonkeuangan, porsi terhadap PDBIND.FIS.contingent.soe_debt.gdp FIS Kewajiban kontinjensi vulnerability % COUNTRY
Jaminan pemerintah yang beredar, porsi terhadap PDBIND.FIS.contingent.guarantees.gdp FIS Kewajiban kontinjensi vulnerability % COUNTRY
Perkiraan biaya fiskal tahunan akibat bencana, porsi terhadap PDBIND.FIS.contingent.disaster_fiscal_cost.gdp FIS Kewajiban kontinjensi vulnerability % COUNTRY
Skor indikator komposit LIC-DSF (terbitan, rujukan)IND.FIS.capacity.lic_dsf_composite_indicator FIS Debt-carrying capacity kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY
Ambang LIC-DSF: nilai kini utang luar negeri terhadap PDB (rujukan)IND.FIS.capacity.lic_dsf_threshold.pv_ext_gdp FIS Debt-carrying capacity context % COUNTRY
Ambang LIC-DSF: nilai kini utang luar negeri terhadap ekspor (rujukan)IND.FIS.capacity.lic_dsf_threshold.pv_ext_exports FIS Debt-carrying capacity context % COUNTRY
Ambang LIC-DSF: pembayaran utang luar negeri terhadap ekspor (rujukan)IND.FIS.capacity.lic_dsf_threshold.ds_ext_exports FIS Debt-carrying capacity context % COUNTRY
Ambang LIC-DSF: pembayaran utang luar negeri terhadap pendapatan (rujukan)IND.FIS.capacity.lic_dsf_threshold.ds_ext_revenue FIS Debt-carrying capacity context % COUNTRY
Tolok ukur LIC-DSF: nilai kini total utang publik terhadap PDB (rujukan)IND.FIS.capacity.lic_dsf_threshold.pv_public_gdp FIS Debt-carrying capacity context % COUNTRY
Risiko kesulitan utang LIC-DSF, sesuai terbitan (rujukan)IND.FIS.capacity.lic_dsf_risk_published FIS Debt-carrying capacity context {class} COUNTRY
Risiko tekanan negara keseluruhan SRDSF, sesuai terbitan (rujukan)IND.FIS.capacity.srdsf_risk_published FIS Debt-carrying capacity context {class} COUNTRY
Modal regulasi terhadap aset tertimbang menurut risikoIND.FIN.capital.regulatory_capital_rwa FIN Capital adequacy kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY IMF_FSI FSKRC_PT
Modal Tier 1 terhadap aset tertimbang menurut risikoIND.FIN.capital.tier1_rwa FIN Capital adequacy kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY IMF_FSI FSKRTC_PT
Modal Common Equity Tier 1 terhadap aset tertimbang menurut risikoIND.FIN.capital.cet1_rwa FIN Capital adequacy kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY IMF_FSI FSCET_PT
Modal terhadap total aset (leverage)IND.FIN.capital.capital_to_assets FIN Capital adequacy kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY IMF_FSI FSKA_PT WB_WDI FB.BNK.CAPA.ZS
Kredit bermasalah setelah dikurangi pencadangan terhadap modalIND.FIN.capital.npl_net_capital FIN Capital adequacy vulnerability % COUNTRY IMF_FSI FSKNL_PT
Kredit bermasalah terhadap total kredit brutoIND.FIN.asset_quality.npl_ratio FIN Asset quality vulnerability % COUNTRY IMF_FSI FSANL_PT WB_WDI FB.AST.NPER.ZS
Pencadangan terhadap kredit bermasalahIND.FIN.asset_quality.provisions_to_npl FIN Asset quality kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY IMF_FSI FSPN_PT
Konsentrasi kredit menurut kegiatan ekonomiIND.FIN.asset_quality.loan_concentration FIN Asset quality vulnerability % COUNTRY IMF_FSI FSCLE_PT
Tagihan bank kepada pemerintah umum, porsi terhadap aset bankIND.FIN.asset_quality.sovereign_exposure FIN Asset quality vulnerability % COUNTRY IMF_FSI FSASDG_PT
Imbal hasil asetIND.FIN.earnings.roa FIN Earnings kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY IMF_FSI FSERA_PT
Imbal hasil ekuitasIND.FIN.earnings.roe FIN Earnings kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY IMF_FSI FSERE_PT
Aset likuid terhadap total asetIND.FIN.liquidity.liquid_assets_total FIN Liquidity and funding kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY IMF_FSI FSLT_PT WB_WDI FD.RES.LIQU.AS.ZS
Aset likuid terhadap kewajiban jangka pendekIND.FIN.liquidity.liquid_assets_st_liabilities FIN Liquidity and funding kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY IMF_FSI FSLS_PT
Rasio kecukupan likuiditasIND.FIN.liquidity.lcr FIN Liquidity and funding kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY IMF_FSI FSLCR_PT
Rasio pendanaan stabil bersihIND.FIN.liquidity.nsfr FIN Liquidity and funding kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY IMF_FSI FSNSF_PT
Simpanan nasabah terhadap total kredit non-antarbankIND.FIN.liquidity.deposits_to_loans FIN Liquidity and funding kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY IMF_FSI FSCD_PT
Posisi devisa neto terhadap modal (absolut)IND.FIN.fx.net_open_position_capital FIN Foreign-exchange risk vulnerability % COUNTRY IMF_FSI FSSNO_PT
Kredit valuta asing, porsi terhadap total kredit (dolarisasi kredit)IND.FIN.fx.fx_loans_share FIN Foreign-exchange risk vulnerability % COUNTRY IMF_FSI FSFC_PT
Simpanan valuta asing, porsi terhadap total simpanan (dolarisasi simpanan)IND.FIN.fx.fx_deposits_share FIN Foreign-exchange risk vulnerability % COUNTRY IMF_FSI FSFCD_PT
Kredit domestik kepada sektor swasta, porsi terhadap PDBIND.FIN.depth.private_credit.gdp FIN Financial depth and inclusion context % COUNTRY WB_WDI FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS WB_WDI GFDD.DI.14
Kesenjangan kredit terhadap PDB (BIS)IND.FIN.depth.credit_gap FIN Financial depth and inclusion vulnerability % COUNTRY
Pertumbuhan riil kredit kepada sektor swastaIND.FIN.depth.private_credit_growth FIN Financial depth and inclusion vulnerability % COUNTRY IMF_FSI FSCGPS_PT
Utang rumah tangga, porsi terhadap PDBIND.FIN.depth.household_debt.gdp FIN Financial depth and inclusion vulnerability % COUNTRY IMF_FSI FSHG_PT
Utang korporasi nonkeuangan, porsi terhadap PDBIND.FIN.depth.nfc_debt.gdp FIN Financial depth and inclusion vulnerability % COUNTRY IMF_FSI FSTDGDP_PT
Kepemilikan rekening, orang dewasaIND.FIN.depth.account_ownership FIN Financial depth and inclusion kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY WB_WDI FX.OWN.TOTL.ZS SDG 8.10.2
Pertumbuhan riil harga properti residensialIND.FIN.housing.real_house_price_growth FIN Real estate vulnerability % COUNTRY IMF_FSI FSREPRR_PC_CP_A_PT
Rasio harga rumah terhadap pendapatan, deviasi dari rata-rata jangka panjangIND.FIN.housing.price_to_income_gap FIN Real estate vulnerability % COUNTRY, CITY
Aset korporasi keuangan lainnya, porsi terhadap PDBIND.FIN.nbfi.ofc_assets.gdp FIN Non-bank financial intermediation context % COUNTRY IMF_FSI FSFAG_PT
Penetrasi asuransi (premi terhadap PDB)IND.FIN.nbfi.insurance_penetration FIN Non-bank financial intermediation kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY WB_WDI GFDD.DI.09 WB_WDI GFDD.DI.10
Kesenjangan perlindungan bencana alamIND.FIN.nbfi.nat_cat_protection_gap FIN Non-bank financial intermediation vulnerability % REGION, COUNTRY
Eksposur bank terhadap sektor padat karbonIND.FIN.climate_finance.carbon_intensive_exposure FIN Climate-related financial exposure keterpaparan % COUNTRY
Kredit bank yang terpapar risiko iklim fisik tinggiIND.FIN.climate_finance.physical_risk_lending FIN Climate-related financial exposure keterpaparan % COUNTRY
Bantuan pembangunan resmi neto yang diterima, porsi terhadap PNBIND.ECO.trade.oda_dependence.gni ECO Perdagangan keterpaparan % COUNTRY WB_WDI DT.ODA.ODAT.GN.ZS
Rente sumber daya alam, porsi terhadap PDBIND.ECO.concentration.natural_resource_rents.gdp ECO Export and import concentration vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI NY.GDP.TOTL.RT.ZS
Perubahan jumlah hari sangat panas (35 °C atau lebih)IND.CLI.physical_acute.hot_days_change CLI Acute climate extremes hazard d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID
Assets vulnerable to climate-related physical risks, shareIND.CLI.physical_acute.physical_risk_vulnerable_assets.share CLI Acute climate extremes keterpaparan % SITE, PORTFOLIO IFRS_S2 29(c)
Proyeksi kenaikan muka laut relatifIND.CLI.projection.projected_sea_level_rise CLI Scenario projections hazard m COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE
Penduduk di bawah tingkat banjir pesisir 100 tahunan di masa depan, porsiIND.CLI.projection.slr_coastal_population_exposed.share CLI Scenario projections keterpaparan % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY WB_WDI EN.POP.EL5M.ZS
Financed emissions of a portfolioIND.CLI.emissions.financed_emissions CLI Emissions keterpaparan Mt/a PORTFOLIO IFRS_S2 29(a)(vi)
Rente bahan bakar fosil, porsi terhadap PDBIND.CLI.transition.fossil_fuel_rents.gdp CLI Transition exposure keterpaparan % COUNTRY WB_WDI NY.GDP.PETR.RT.ZS WB_WDI NY.GDP.NGAS.RT.ZS WB_WDI NY.GDP.COAL.RT.ZS
Subsidi eksplisit bahan bakar fosil, porsi terhadap PDBIND.CLI.transition.fossil_fuel_subsidies.gdp CLI Transition exposure keterpaparan % COUNTRY
Assets vulnerable to climate-related transition risks, shareIND.CLI.transition.transition_risk_vulnerable_assets.share CLI Transition exposure keterpaparan % PORTFOLIO IFRS_S2 29(b)
Rencana adaptasi nasional telah diserahkanIND.CLI.adaptation.nap_submitted CLI Adaptation readiness kapasitas adaptif {bool} COUNTRY SDG 13.2.1
Pendanaan adaptasi internasional yang diterima per kapitaIND.CLI.adaptation.adaptation_finance_received.pc CLI Adaptation readiness kapasitas adaptif [USD] COUNTRY
Penduduk yang terpapar dua bahaya besar atau lebih, porsiIND.HAZ.multi.multi_hazard_exposure.share HAZ Multi-hazard keterpaparan % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID INFORM HA.NAT
Rata-rata kerugian tahunan multibahaya, porsi terhadap PDBIND.HAZ.multi.aal.gdp HAZ Multi-hazard impact % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, PORTFOLIO
Rata-rata kerugian tahunan multibahaya, porsi terhadap stok modal terbangunIND.HAZ.multi.aal.capital_stock HAZ Multi-hazard impact % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, PORTFOLIO
Kerugian maksimum yang mungkin pada periode ulang 250 tahun, porsi terhadap PDBIND.HAZ.multi.pml_rp250.gdp HAZ Multi-hazard impact % COUNTRY, ADM1, PORTFOLIO
Percepatan tanah puncak pada periode ulang 475 tahunIND.HAZ.seismic.pga_rp475 HAZ Seismic and volcanic hazard [g] COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 GH0101 INFORM HA.NAT.EQ
Penduduk yang terpapar guncangan gempa kuat, rata-rata tahunanIND.HAZ.seismic.eq_population_exposed HAZ Seismic and volcanic keterpaparan {persons} COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID INFORM EX_EQ_MMI8
Penduduk yang terpapar guncangan gempa kuat, porsi terhadap populasiIND.HAZ.seismic.eq_population_exposed.share HAZ Seismic and volcanic keterpaparan % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY
Rata-rata kerugian tahunan akibat gempa bumi, porsi terhadap PDBIND.HAZ.seismic.eq_aal.gdp HAZ Seismic and volcanic impact % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, PORTFOLIO
Penduduk dalam radius 30 km dari gunung api HolosenIND.HAZ.seismic.volcano_population_30km HAZ Seismic and volcanic keterpaparan {persons} COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY UNDRR_HIPS_2025 GH0203
Probabilitas hujan abu vulkanik yang merusak dalam 100 tahunIND.HAZ.seismic.ash_fall_probability HAZ Seismic and volcanic hazard 1 COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 GH0202 EMDAT nat-geo-vol-ash
Muka air laut tenang ekstrem pada periode ulang 100 tahunIND.HAZ.coastal.extreme_sea_level_rp100 HAZ Coastal and sea level hazard m COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0703 EMDAT nat-met-sto-sur
Penduduk di dataran banjir pesisir 100 tahunan, porsiIND.HAZ.coastal.coastal_flood_population_exposed.share HAZ Coastal and sea level keterpaparan % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY INFORM EX_CFL UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0601
Penduduk di bawah ketinggian 5 m, porsiIND.HAZ.coastal.low_elevation_population.share HAZ Coastal and sea level keterpaparan % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY WB_WDI EN.POP.EL5M.ZS
Tinggi genangan maksimum tsunami pada periode ulang 500 tahunIND.HAZ.coastal.tsunami_inundation_rp500 HAZ Coastal and sea level hazard m COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0705 INFORM HA.NAT.TS
Penduduk yang terpapar tsunami, porsiIND.HAZ.coastal.tsunami_population_exposed.share HAZ Coastal and sea level keterpaparan % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY INFORM EX_TS EMDAT nat-geo-ear-tsu
Fluvial flood depth at 100-year return periodIND.HAZ.flood.river_flood_depth_rp100 HAZ Flood hazard m ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0604 EMDAT nat-hyd-flo-riv
Pluvial and flash flood depth at 100-year return periodIND.HAZ.flood.pluvial_flood_depth_rp100 HAZ Flood hazard m ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0603 UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0606 EMDAT nat-hyd-flo-fla
Penduduk yang terpapar banjir sungai, rata-rata tahunanIND.HAZ.flood.flood_population_exposed HAZ Flood keterpaparan {persons} COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY INFORM EX_FL INFORM HA.NAT.FL
Penduduk yang terpapar banjir sungai, porsi terhadap populasiIND.HAZ.flood.flood_population_exposed.share HAZ Flood keterpaparan % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY
Standar desain perlindungan banjirIND.HAZ.flood.flood_protection_standard HAZ Flood kapasitas penanggulangan a COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE
Rata-rata kerugian tahunan akibat banjir sungai, porsi terhadap PDBIND.HAZ.flood.flood_aal.gdp HAZ Flood impact % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, PORTFOLIO
Kecepatan angin siklon tropis pada periode ulang 100 tahunIND.HAZ.storm.tc_wind_rp100 HAZ Tropical and severe storms hazard m/s COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0309 INFORM HA.NAT.TC
Probabilitas tahunan angin siklon kategori 1 atau lebih kuatIND.HAZ.storm.tc_cat1_probability HAZ Tropical and severe storms hazard 1 COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE
Penduduk yang terpapar angin siklon kategori 1, rata-rata tahunanIND.HAZ.storm.tc_population_exposed HAZ Tropical and severe storms keterpaparan {persons} COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY INFORM EX_TC_SS1
Penduduk yang terpapar angin siklon kategori 1, porsi terhadap populasiIND.HAZ.storm.tc_population_exposed.share HAZ Tropical and severe storms keterpaparan % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY
Rata-rata kerugian tahunan akibat siklon tropis, porsi terhadap PDBIND.HAZ.storm.tc_aal.gdp HAZ Tropical and severe storms impact % COUNTRY, ADM1, PORTFOLIO
Hari hujan es besar per tahunIND.HAZ.storm.large_hail_days HAZ Tropical and severe storms hazard d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0404 EMDAT nat-met-sto-hai
Hari dengan kondisi badai petir hebatIND.HAZ.storm.severe_convective_days HAZ Tropical and severe storms hazard d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0103 EMDAT nat-met-sto-sev
Frekuensi kekeringan meteorologis parahIND.HAZ.drought.spei_drought_frequency HAZ Kekeringan hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0401 INFORM HA.NAT.DR
Frekuensi cekaman kekeringan pertanianIND.HAZ.drought.agricultural_stress_frequency HAZ Kekeringan hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID INFORM ASI
Penduduk yang terdampak kekeringan, porsi rata-rata tahunanIND.HAZ.drought.drought_affected.share HAZ Kekeringan impact % COUNTRY INFORM AFF_DR EMDAT nat-cli-dro-dro
Hari panas lembap berbahaya per tahunIND.HAZ.heat.dangerous_heat_days HAZ Panas ekstrem hazard d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0501
Kejadian keterpaparan gelombang panas per orangIND.HAZ.heat.heatwave_person_days HAZ Panas ekstrem keterpaparan d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY
Penduduk yang terpapar panas ekstrem, porsiIND.HAZ.heat.heat_population_exposed.share HAZ Panas ekstrem keterpaparan % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY
Hari cuaca kebakaran ekstrem per tahunIND.HAZ.wildfire.extreme_fire_weather_days HAZ Kebakaran hutan dan lahan hazard d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Area terbakar tahunan, porsi terhadap luas daratanIND.HAZ.wildfire.burned_area.share HAZ Kebakaran hutan dan lahan hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID UNDRR_HIPS_2025 EN0205 EMDAT nat-cli-wil-wil
Penduduk di zona peralihan hutan-perkotaan, porsiIND.HAZ.wildfire.wui_population.share HAZ Kebakaran hutan dan lahan keterpaparan % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY
Penduduk di zona kerawanan longsor tinggi, porsiIND.HAZ.landslide.landslide_susceptible_population.share HAZ Landslide keterpaparan % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID UNDRR_HIPS_2025 GH0300
Kematian akibat tanah longsor per 100,000, rata-rata tahunanIND.HAZ.landslide.fatal_landslide_rate HAZ Landslide impact /10*5 COUNTRY, ADM1 EMDAT nat-hyd-mmw-lan
Penduduk di dekat lokasi industri berbahaya besar, porsiIND.HAZ.technological.major_hazard_site_population.share HAZ Teknologi keterpaparan % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY UNDRR_HIPS_2025 TL0304 UNDRR_HIPS_2025 TL0309
Penduduk dalam radius 30 km dari reaktor nuklir yang beroperasiIND.HAZ.technological.nuclear_population_30km HAZ Teknologi keterpaparan {persons} COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY UNDRR_HIPS_2025 TL0208
Kematian akibat kecelakaan industri per 100,000, rata-rata tahunanIND.HAZ.technological.industrial_accident_deaths HAZ Teknologi impact /10*5 COUNTRY EMDAT tec-ind-ind-ind
Luas permukaan terbangunIND.HAZ.exposure.built_up_area HAZ Keterpaparan context km2 COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Stok modal terbangunIND.HAZ.exposure.capital_stock HAZ Keterpaparan context [USD] COUNTRY, ADM1, PORTFOLIO
Area terbangun di zona bahaya tinggiIND.HAZ.exposure.built_up_exposed HAZ Keterpaparan keterpaparan km2 COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Area terbangun di zona bahaya tinggi, porsiIND.HAZ.exposure.built_up_exposed.share HAZ Keterpaparan keterpaparan % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY
PDB yang dihasilkan di zona bahaya tinggi, porsiIND.HAZ.exposure.gdp_exposed.share HAZ Keterpaparan keterpaparan % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY
Korban meninggal dan hilang akibat bencana per 100,000IND.HAZ.loss.deaths_missing_rate HAZ Losses and impacts impact /10*5 COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI A-1 SDG 1.5.1
Penduduk yang terdampak langsung oleh bencana per 100,000IND.HAZ.loss.directly_affected_rate HAZ Losses and impacts impact /10*5 COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI B-1 SDG 1.5.1
Kerugian ekonomi langsung akibat bencana, porsi terhadap PDBIND.HAZ.loss.direct_economic_loss.gdp HAZ Losses and impacts impact % COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI C-1 SDG 1.5.2
Kematian akibat bencana tercatat per 100,000, rata-rata 30 tahunIND.HAZ.loss.recorded_disaster_deaths HAZ Losses and impacts impact /10*5 COUNTRY, ADM1 EMDAT Total Deaths
Penduduk terdampak bencana tercatat per 100,000, rata-rata 30 tahunIND.HAZ.loss.recorded_disaster_affected HAZ Losses and impacts impact /10*5 COUNTRY, ADM1 EMDAT Total Affected
Kerusakan akibat bencana tercatat, porsi terhadap PDB, rata-rata 30 tahunIND.HAZ.loss.recorded_disaster_damage.gdp HAZ Losses and impacts impact % COUNTRY EMDAT Total Damage, Adjusted ('000 US$)
PDB di sektor yang sangat bergantung pada alam, porsiIND.ENV.nature_dependence.nature_dependent_gdp.share ENV Nature dependence keterpaparan % COUNTRY, PORTFOLIO
Skor dasar cekaman air (sub-DAS)IND.WAT.stress.baseline_water_stress WAT Tekanan air hazard {score} COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE, PORTFOLIO
Layanan kritis yang bergantung pada satelit tanpa cadangan, porsiIND.SPC.dependence.satellite_service_exposure.share SPC Space-service dependence vulnerability % COUNTRY
Waktu tempuh ke fasilitas kesehatan terdekatIND.HLT.system.health_facility_travel_time HLT Health system capacity vulnerability min COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Kapasitas manajemen kedaruratan kesehatan IHR (SPAR C7)IND.HLT.security.spar_emergency_management HLT Health security (IHR) kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY SPAR C7 WHO_GHO IHRSPAR2_C07 JEE R1
Penduduk yang tercakup setidaknya satu manfaat perlindungan sosialIND.SOC.protection.social_protection_coverage SOC Perlindungan sosial kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY SDG 1.3.1 ILO SDG_0131_SEX_SOC_RT WB_WDI per_allsp.cov_pop_tot
Pengungsi internal, bencana (stok)IND.DEM.displacement.idp_disaster DEM Forced displacement impact {persons} COUNTRY, ADM1 IDMC disaster_total_displacement
Pengungsi internal, per 100,000 pendudukIND.DEM.displacement.idp_total.p100k DEM Forced displacement impact /10*5 COUNTRY
Pengungsian internal baru, bencanaIND.DEM.displacement.new_displacement_disaster DEM Forced displacement impact 1 COUNTRY, ADM1 IDMC disaster_new_displacement WB_WDI VC.IDP.NWDS
Pengungsian internal baru, per 100,000 pendudukIND.DEM.displacement.new_displacement.p100k DEM Forced displacement impact /10*5 COUNTRY
Belanja militer, porsi terhadap PDBIND.CON.violence.military_expenditure.gdp CON Organised violence vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS
Efektivitas pemerintah (WGI)IND.GOV.quality.government_effectiveness GOV Governance quality kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY WB_WGI GOV_WGI_GE.SC WB_WGI GOV_WGI_GE.EST
Efisiensi mobilisasi pendapatan (CPIA)IND.GOV.policy.tax_administration GOV Policy and institutional quality kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY WB_WDI IQ.CPA.REVN.XQ
Deviasi realisasi anggaran dari anggaran yang disetujuiIND.GOV.policy.budget_execution_deviation GOV Policy and institutional quality vulnerability % COUNTRY SDG 16.6.1
Penduduk perdesaan dalam jarak 2 km dari jalan segala musimIND.INF.transport.rural_road_access INF Transportasi kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY, ADM1 SDG 9.1.1
Jaringan jalan dan rel di zona bahaya tinggi, porsiIND.INF.transport.network_exposed.share INF Transportasi keterpaparan % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Penduduk yang tercakup jaringan seluler, menurut teknologiIND.INF.digital.mobile_network_coverage INF Digital connectivity kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY, ADM1 SDG 9.c.1
Fasilitas kritis dengan daya cadangan 72 jamIND.INF.utilities.critical_facility_backup_power INF Utilities kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY ISO_37123 ISO 37123:2019
Aset pasokan air di zona bahaya tinggi, porsiIND.INF.utilities.water_assets_exposed.share INF Utilities keterpaparan % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Aset pembangkit dan jaringan listrik di zona bahaya tinggi, porsiIND.INF.utilities.power_assets_exposed.share INF Utilities keterpaparan % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Fasilitas vital di zona bahaya tinggi, porsiIND.INF.utilities.lifeline_facilities_exposed.share INF Utilities keterpaparan % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Kesenjangan investasi infrastruktur, porsi terhadap PDBIND.INF.utilities.infrastructure_investment_gap.gdp INF Utilities vulnerability % COUNTRY
Unit infrastruktur kritis yang rusak atau hancur akibat bencanaIND.INF.disruption.critical_infrastructure_damage INF Service disruption impact 1 COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI D-1 SDG 11.5.2
Kerugian ekonomi langsung pada infrastruktur kritis, porsi terhadap PDBIND.INF.disruption.critical_infrastructure_loss.gdp INF Service disruption impact % COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI C-5
Strategi PRB nasional yang selaras dengan Kerangka Kerja Sendai untuk Pengurangan Risiko Bencana 2015-2030IND.CRS.drr.national_drr_strategy CRS DRR strategy kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY SENDAI E-1 SDG 1.5.3 SDG 11.b.1 SDG 13.1.2
Pemerintah daerah dengan strategi PRB yang selaras dengan strategi nasionalIND.CRS.drr.local_drr_strategies CRS DRR strategy kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI E-2 SDG 1.5.4 SDG 11.b.2 SDG 13.1.3
Skor sistem peringatan dini multibahayaIND.CRS.warning.mhews_score CRS Peringatan dini kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY SENDAI G-1
Sistem pemantauan dan prakiraan multibahayaIND.CRS.warning.monitoring_forecasting CRS Peringatan dini kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY SENDAI G-2
Penduduk yang terjangkau informasi peringatan diniIND.CRS.warning.early_warning_coverage CRS Peringatan dini kapasitas penanggulangan /10*5 COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI G-3
Pemerintah daerah dengan rencana tindak atas peringatan diniIND.CRS.warning.local_warning_action_plans CRS Peringatan dini kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI G-4
Informasi dan kajian risiko bencana yang dapat diaksesIND.CRS.warning.risk_information_access CRS Peringatan dini kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY SENDAI G-5
Penduduk terpapar yang dilindungi melalui evakuasi diniIND.CRS.warning.preemptive_evacuation CRS Peringatan dini kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI G-6
Strategi pembiayaan risiko bencana telah diadopsiIND.CRS.financing.drf_strategy CRS Risk financing and protection gap kapasitas penanggulangan {bool} COUNTRY
Partisipasi dalam pool risiko regional negaraIND.CRS.financing.regional_risk_pool_membership CRS Risk financing and protection gap kapasitas penanggulangan {bool} COUNTRY
Kredit kontinjensi bencana yang disiapkan sebelumnya, porsi terhadap PDBIND.CRS.financing.contingent_credit.gdp CRS Risk financing and protection gap kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY
Batas transfer risiko katastrofe negara, porsi terhadap PDBIND.CRS.financing.risk_transfer_cover.gdp CRS Risk financing and protection gap kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY
Kesenjangan perlindungan asuransi bencana alamIND.CRS.financing.insurance_protection_gap CRS Risk financing and protection gap vulnerability % COUNTRY
Premi asuransi umum, porsi terhadap PDBIND.CRS.financing.non_life_insurance_penetration CRS Risk financing and protection gap kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY
Penduduk dalam jangkauan 15 menit dari layanan daruratIND.CRS.response.emergency_service_access CRS Response capacity kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY ISO_37120 ISO 37120:2018
Tim pencarian dan pertolongan perkotaan berklasifikasi INSARAGIND.CRS.response.usar_classification CRS Response capacity kapasitas penanggulangan {bool} COUNTRY
Dukungan resmi internasional untuk PRB yang diterima, porsi terhadap PDBIND.CRS.response.international_drr_support.gdp CRS Response capacity kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY SENDAI F-1
Kesiapan perlindungan sosial adaptif guncanganIND.CRS.response.shock_responsive_social_protection CRS Response capacity kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY
05Bahaya

Hazard families this series reads

families, each crosswalked to the UNDRR–ISC Hazard Information Profiles (2025) where a profile exists.

FIG 4 · Hazard families this series reads
AtmosphereAirSolid142HAZARDS
3 hazard domains (inner ring) and 19 families (outer ring), sized by hazard count. Select a segment to filter the table below. Source: Hazard Standard Nexus Hazard Standard.
Keluarga Domain Bahaya Jumlah
Convective storms Atmosfer dan cuaca Thunderstorm, Lightning strike, Downburst, Tornado, Waterspout, Hail, Squall, Derecho … 11
Cyclonic storm systems Atmosfer dan cuaca Tropical cyclone, Subtropical cyclone, Extratropical cyclone, Low-pressure system, Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone, Polar low, Rapid cyclone intensification, Explosive cyclogenesis 8
Damaging wind Atmosfer dan cuaca Windstorm, Gale, Downslope windstorm, Clear-air turbulence 4
Precipitation extremes Atmosfer dan cuaca Intense rainfall, Heavy snowfall, Snowstorm, Blizzard, Lake-effect snow band, Freezing rain, Structural icing 7
Thermal extremes Atmosfer dan cuaca Heatwave, Humid heat stress, Cold wave, Livestock winter disaster, Hard freeze, Frost, Rapid thaw, Extreme night-time heat … 9
Airborne particles and low visibility Atmosfer dan cuaca Fog, Dust storm, Dust haze, Haze, Smoke plume, Airborne allergen surge 6
Large-scale circulation anomalies Atmosfer dan cuaca Atmospheric river, Atmospheric blocking, Tropical Pacific climate swing, Monsoon failure, Polar vortex disruption, Indian Ocean dipole event, North Atlantic pressure-seesaw extreme 7
Surface radiation extremes Atmosfer dan cuaca Extreme ultraviolet exposure, Stratospheric ozone loss episode 2
Freshwater inundation Sistem air River flood, Flash flood, Surface-water flood, Groundwater flood, Snowmelt flood, Ice-jam flood, Reservoir release flood, Natural-dam outburst flood … 9
Water deficit Sistem air Meteorological drought, Agricultural drought, Hydrological drought, Groundwater depletion, Flash drought, Water supply shortfall, Megadrought, Lake and inland sea desiccation … 9
Coastal and sea-level hazards Sistem air Storm surge, Storm tide, Coastal flood, Estuary flood, High-tide flooding, Tsunami, Seiche, Rogue wave … 13
Ocean-state extremes Sistem air Marine heatwave, Ocean acidification, Marine oxygen depletion, Upper-ocean stratification increase, Marine cold spell, Lake and river heatwave 6
Water-quality degradation Sistem air Eutrophication, Harmful algal bloom, Freshwater salinisation, Sargassum seaweed influx 4
Fault shaking and rupture Bumi padat Earthquake, Induced earthquake, Aftershock sequence, Fault surface rupture, Soil liquefaction, Ground fissure, Earthquake swarm 7
Eruption products and unrest Bumi padat Volcanic unrest, Lava flow, Volcanic ash fall, Volcanic ash cloud, Volcanic ballistic projectiles, Pyroclastic flow, Lahar, Volcanic gas and aerosol emission … 12
Slope failure and mass movement Bumi padat Rockfall, Topple, Slope slide, Lateral spread, Debris flow, Earthflow and mudflow, Rock avalanche, Submarine landslide … 9
Ground deformation and subsidence Bumi padat Land subsidence, Crustal uplift, Sinkhole, Shrink-swell soil movement, Soft-soil settlement, Ground gas seepage, Mining-induced subsidence 7
Erosion and sediment movement Bumi padat Soil erosion, River bank erosion, Coastal erosion, Dune encroachment, Reservoir and channel siltation, River avulsion, Delta sediment starvation 7
Seabed and deep-sea hazards Bumi padat Turbidity current, Submarine volcanic eruption, Seabed gas escape, Pumice raft, Deep-sea mining disturbance 5
06Ekor

The severe end of the distribution

FIG 5 · Explorer: exceedance, return-period loss and the protection gap
Frequency and severity
1.2
20
1.4
One risk-transfer layer
60
240
–
berjalan di peramban Anda

Explorer: 20,000 simulated years from your frequency and severity settings; the exceedance curve, average annual loss, 1-in-100 and 1-in-250 annual losses, expected shortfall, and how one layer splits loss into retained, transferred and gap. Units are yours; nothing here is a modelled loss for any place.
07Metode

Method libraries

Each method has a reference implementation or declares the specialist model, data or adapter it still needs; none is promoted beyond its evidence.

23 methods

Risiko katastrofe

Stochastic Event Catalogue · Historical Event Catalogue · Event Footprint · Secondary Uncertainty · Loss Amplification · Financial Terms · Event Loss Table …

38 methods

Asuransi dan reasuransi

Technical Pricing · Frequency Severity Pricing · Exposure Rating · Experience Rating · Burning Cost · Catastrophe Pricing · Aggregate Loss Terms …

28 methods

Kedaulatan, makro, dan pembangunan

Sovereign Default Risk · Debt Sustainability · Fiscal Stress · Debt Service Burden · FX Reserve Adequacy · External Vulnerability · Balance of Payments …

08Users

Who uses it

International financial institutions and development banks

Screen country and project context. Read fiscal resilience and protection gaps. Design pre-arranged finance questions.

Governments and national risk agencies

Prioritise prevention and preparedness. Plan with subnational layers. Track Sendai targets. Co-develop a national index.

Insurers, reinsurers and risk pools

Read hazard, exposure and protection-gap context. Run scenario and tail analytics. Study parametric index design questions.

Banks, asset managers and sovereign investors

Read sovereign and systemic context. Run climate pathway packs. Build portfolio postures.

09Laporan

Edisi Nexus Reports

No Nexus Reports edition carries this code; thematic readings appear inside country, sector and global editions.

10Kutip

Kutip dan gunakan kembali

GCRI Canada (2026). The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX (canonical data, provenance and risk)): Disaster Risk Finance (DRF) series (GRX-SER-TH-03), Baseline Edition 2026. Preparatory working draft. https://risksindex.com/series/th-03/ UNI NXS-GRX-AR-000110.
Series key
grix:SER.TH-03:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A
Domain keys
nis:IDX.FIS.debt.fiscal_risk:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A

Every country reads this series

Each country profile carries the domain indices this series is built from.