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The Global Risks Index

The Global Risks Index · SR-10 · Strategic systems series

Infrastruktur publik digital

Infrastruktur identitas, pembayaran, dan pertukaran data sebagai barang publik, serta risiko konsentrasi, siber, dan kesinambungannya.

Konstruksi Indikator Keterkaitan
Page GRX-SER-SR-10Edition Baseline Edition 2026Evidence close 2026-09-30Subject Nexus ReportsNexus Reports SR-10 (planned)Values not yet publishedMethod v1.0.0-draft
FIG 1 · Series at a glance
Indeks domain

4

Governance weakness · Infrastructure fragility · Cyber risk · Technology concentration risk.

Indikator

93

4 index domains

Hazard families

35

Information and cyber-physical systems · Built systems · Frontier and exponential technology.

Metode

83

Cyber, AI and frontier technology · Critical infrastructure and industrial systems.

Counts from the indicator, hazard and model registries.
4
indeks ranah
93
indicators in scope
3
ranah bahaya
4
client groups

01Lingkup

Scope and questions

The subject is the one named by the Nexus Reports programme for this code.

  1. Which public services depend on single digital rails?
  2. How resilient is digital public infrastructure to outage and attack?
  3. Where does digital exclusion create new vulnerability?
02Konstruksi

Domain indices to the series index

The series index is the expert-weighted geometric mean of its domain indices, with the intervals and class rule of the methodology.

computation

How the Digital public infrastructure index is built

Graph8 nodes
Grafik
01Indeks domain
02Series index
03Readings

100%
Indeks
  1. Kelemahan tata kelola

    Domain index · IDX · GOV
    Weighted aggregation, on 0 to 10, of governance quality, rule of law, policy and institutional quality and statistical capacity, each oriented by its own polarity so that higher values mean weaker governance.
  2. Kerapuhan infrastruktur

    Domain index · IDX · INF
    Index of transport and digital connectivity deficits, utility fragility, energy supply unreliability and realised disruption impact on a 0–10 scale, higher meaning more fragile.
  3. Risiko siber

    Domain index · IDX · CYB
    Index of cyber incident pressure, digital dependence and the lack of cyber capability on a 0–10 scale, higher meaning riskier.
  4. Risiko konsentrasi teknologi

    Domain index · IDX · TEC
    Index of technology dependence, critical-mineral dependence and, inverted, innovation capacity and biosecurity oversight, on a 0–10 scale, higher meaning riskier.
  5. Digital public infrastructure index

    Series index · SERIES · SR-10
    Infrastruktur identitas, pembayaran, dan pertukaran data sebagai barang publik, serta risiko konsentrasi, siber, dan kesinambungannya.
  6. Country readings

    Output · OUTPUT · 195 profiles
    Published with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
  7. Regional readings

    Output · OUTPUT · 5 regions
    Published with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
  8. Global reading

    Output · OUTPUT · population or exposure weighted
    Published with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
Belum dijalankanSedang berjalanSelesai
FIG 2. Select a domain index to open its full construction; Simulate run plays the computation. Schematic of the construction; source: Indicator Standard composite definitions.
03Indeks

Domain indices in this series

The Global Risks Index · SR-10 · 195 profiles · 0–10 scale
Digital public infrastructure index, world
–
Nilai terbit bersama edisi; interval, kelas, dan perubahan muncul di sini.
Indeks Nilai Perubahan Perubahan % Interval 90% Kelas · probabilitas Tren Rentang
Kelemahan tata kelolaNXS-GRX · GOV – – – – –
Kerapuhan infrastrukturNXS-GRX · INF – – – – –
Risiko siberNXS-GRX · CYB – – – – –
Risiko konsentrasi teknologiNXS-GRX · TEC – – – – –

Domains read: Cyber and digital, Technology and frontier, Governance and institutions, Infrastructure.

04Indikator

93 indicators in scope

Every indicator whose primary or secondary domain is in scope, with unit, levels and crosswalks to source code lists.

FIG 3 · Indicators in scope, by domain and sub-domain
INF · 24GOV · 20CYB · 13TEC · 8
Area is the number of indicator definitions; colour is the pillar the domain feeds (Macroeconomy and Space feed through their indices). Select a block to filter the table. Source: Indicator Standard Nexus Indicator Standard register.
Indikator Domain Sub-domain Komponen Unit Tingkat Crosswalks
Skor indikator komposit LIC-DSF (terbitan, rujukan)IND.FIS.capacity.lic_dsf_composite_indicator FIS Debt-carrying capacity kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY
Ketergantungan impor neto untuk mineral kritisIND.ECO.concentration.critical_minerals_import_reliance ECO Export and import concentration vulnerability % COUNTRY
Perdagangan laut yang terpapar titik sempit maritimIND.ECO.supply_chain.chokepoint_exposure ECO Supply-chain exposure keterpaparan % COUNTRY
Kesiapan ekonomi untuk investasi adaptasiIND.CLI.adaptation.economic_readiness CLI Adaptation readiness kapasitas adaptif {score} COUNTRY ND_GAIN economic
Kesiapan tata kelola untuk adaptasiIND.CLI.adaptation.governance_readiness CLI Adaptation readiness kapasitas adaptif {score} COUNTRY ND_GAIN governance
Standar desain perlindungan banjirIND.HAZ.flood.flood_protection_standard HAZ Flood kapasitas penanggulangan a COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE
Luas permukaan terbangunIND.HAZ.exposure.built_up_area HAZ Keterpaparan context km2 COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Area terbangun di zona bahaya tinggiIND.HAZ.exposure.built_up_exposed HAZ Keterpaparan keterpaparan km2 COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Kepadatan jalanIND.ENV.land.road_density ENV Land and forests hazard km/km2 COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Sampah padat perkotaan yang dikelola di fasilitas terkendaliIND.ENV.pollution.msw_controlled_management.share ENV Pollution and waste kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY, CITY SDG 11.6.1 EPI MSW
Aliran air limbah yang diolah secara amanIND.WAT.quality.wastewater_safely_treated.share WAT Water quality kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY, CITY SDG 6.3.1 EPI WWT
Rasio ketergantungan pada air terbarukan dari luarIND.WAT.dependence.external_water_dependency WAT Transboundary dependence keterpaparan % COUNTRY
Luas DAS lintas batas dengan kerja sama operasionalIND.WAT.dependence.transboundary_cooperation.share WAT Transboundary dependence kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY SDG 6.5.2
PDB dalam kegiatan yang bergantung pada GNSS, porsiIND.SPC.dependence.gnss_dependent_gdp.share SPC Space-service dependence keterpaparan % COUNTRY, PORTFOLIO UNDRR_HIPS_2025 ET0102
Layanan kritis yang bergantung pada satelit tanpa cadangan, porsiIND.SPC.dependence.satellite_service_exposure.share SPC Space-service dependence vulnerability % COUNTRY
Jaringan tegangan tinggi di zona bahaya geolistrik tinggi, porsiIND.SPC.dependence.grid_gic_exposure.share SPC Space-service dependence keterpaparan % COUNTRY, ADM1
Waktu tempuh ke fasilitas kesehatan terdekatIND.HLT.system.health_facility_travel_time HLT Health system capacity vulnerability min COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Kursi yang diduduki perempuan di parlemen nasionalIND.SOC.gender.women_in_parliament SOC Gender kapasitas adaptif % COUNTRY WB_WDI SG.GEN.PARL.ZS SDG 5.5.1
Penduduk perkotaan, porsi terhadap totalIND.DEM.urbanisation.urban_share DEM Urbanisation context % COUNTRY WB_WDI SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS
Pertumbuhan penduduk perkotaanIND.DEM.urbanisation.urban_growth DEM Urbanisation vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI SP.URB.GROW
Penduduk perkotaan yang tinggal di permukiman kumuhIND.DEM.urbanisation.slum_share DEM Urbanisation vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI EN.POP.SLUM.UR.ZS SDG 11.1.1
Suara dan akuntabilitas (WGI)IND.GOV.quality.voice_accountability GOV Governance quality kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY WB_WGI GOV_WGI_VA.SC WB_WGI GOV_WGI_VA.EST
Stabilitas politik dan ketiadaan kekerasan (WGI)IND.GOV.quality.political_stability GOV Governance quality kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY WB_WGI GOV_WGI_PV.SC WB_WGI GOV_WGI_PV.EST
Efektivitas pemerintah (WGI)IND.GOV.quality.government_effectiveness GOV Governance quality kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY WB_WGI GOV_WGI_GE.SC WB_WGI GOV_WGI_GE.EST
Pengendalian korupsi (WGI)IND.GOV.quality.control_of_corruption GOV Governance quality kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY WB_WGI GOV_WGI_CC.SC WB_WGI GOV_WGI_CC.EST
Indeks Persepsi Korupsi (Transparency International)IND.GOV.quality.corruption_perceptions GOV Governance quality kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY
Skor kebebasan pers (RSF)IND.GOV.quality.press_freedom GOV Governance quality kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY
Supremasi hukum (WGI)IND.GOV.rule_of_law.rule_of_law GOV Rule of law kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY WB_WGI GOV_WGI_RL.SC WB_WGI GOV_WGI_RL.EST
Hak milik dan tata kelola berbasis aturan (CPIA)IND.GOV.rule_of_law.property_rights GOV Rule of law kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY WB_WDI IQ.CPA.PROP.XQ
Tahanan yang belum divonis, porsi terhadap populasi penjaraIND.GOV.rule_of_law.unsentenced_detainees GOV Rule of law vulnerability % COUNTRY SDG 16.3.2
Insidensi suap di kalangan perusahaanIND.GOV.rule_of_law.bribery_incidence_firms GOV Rule of law vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI IC.FRM.BRIB.ZS SDG 16.5.2
Kualitas regulasi (WGI)IND.GOV.policy.regulatory_quality GOV Policy and institutional quality kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY WB_WGI GOV_WGI_RQ.SC WB_WGI GOV_WGI_RQ.EST
Peringkat keseluruhan CPIA (indeks alokasi sumber daya IDA)IND.GOV.policy.cpia_overall GOV Policy and institutional quality kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY WB_WDI IQ.CPA.IRAI.XQ
CPIA manajemen sektor publik dan lembagaIND.GOV.policy.cpia_public_sector_management GOV Policy and institutional quality kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY WB_WDI IQ.CPA.PUBS.XQ
CPIA transparansi, akuntabilitas, dan korupsi di sektor publikIND.GOV.policy.cpia_transparency GOV Policy and institutional quality kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY WB_WDI IQ.CPA.TRAN.XQ
Efisiensi mobilisasi pendapatan (CPIA)IND.GOV.policy.tax_administration GOV Policy and institutional quality kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY WB_WDI IQ.CPA.REVN.XQ
Deviasi realisasi anggaran dari anggaran yang disetujuiIND.GOV.policy.budget_execution_deviation GOV Policy and institutional quality vulnerability % COUNTRY SDG 16.6.1
Skor keseluruhan Statistical Performance Indicators (indikator kinerja statistik)IND.GOV.statistics.spi_overall GOV Statistical capacity kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY WB_WDI IQ.SPI.OVRL WB_WDI IQ.SCI.OVRL
Kelengkapan pencatatan kelahiranIND.GOV.statistics.birth_registration GOV Statistical capacity kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY WB_WDI SP.REG.BRTH.ZS SDG 16.9.1
Tahun sejak sensus penduduk terakhirIND.GOV.statistics.years_since_census GOV Statistical capacity vulnerability a COUNTRY SDG 17.19.2
Skor lingkungan usaha (B-READY)IND.GOV.business.bready_overall GOV Business environment kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY
Pemadaman listrik yang dialami perusahaan dalam sebulan biasaIND.ENE.reliability.firm_power_outages ENE Reliability vulnerability /mo COUNTRY WB_WDI IC.ELC.OUTG
Durasi rata-rata gangguan sistem (SAIDI)IND.ENE.reliability.saidi ENE Reliability vulnerability h/a COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY ISO_37120 ISO 37120:2018
Frekuensi rata-rata gangguan sistem (SAIFI)IND.ENE.reliability.saifi ENE Reliability vulnerability /a COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY ISO_37120 ISO 37120:2018
Konsentrasi pemasok impor mineral kritisIND.ENE.minerals.critical_mineral_import_concentration ENE Mineral kritis vulnerability 1 COUNTRY
Penduduk perdesaan dalam jarak 2 km dari jalan segala musimIND.INF.transport.rural_road_access INF Transportasi kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY, ADM1 SDG 9.1.1
Kinerja logistikIND.INF.transport.logistics_performance INF Transportasi kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY WB_WDI LP.LPI.OVRL.XQ
Konektivitas pelayaran reguler relatif terhadap batas terbaikIND.INF.transport.liner_shipping_connectivity INF Transportasi kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY WB_WDI IS.SHP.GCNW.XQ
Penumpang udara yang diangkut per kapitaIND.INF.transport.air_passengers.pc INF Transportasi kapasitas penanggulangan {passengers}/a/{person} COUNTRY WB_WDI IS.AIR.PSGR
Penduduk perkotaan dengan akses mudah ke transportasi umumIND.INF.transport.public_transport_access INF Transportasi kapasitas penanggulangan % CITY, ADM1, COUNTRY SDG 11.2.1 ISO_37120 ISO 37120:2018
Jaringan jalan dan rel di zona bahaya tinggi, porsiIND.INF.transport.network_exposed.share INF Transportasi keterpaparan % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Individu yang menggunakan internetIND.INF.digital.internet_users INF Digital connectivity kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY SDG 17.8.1 WB_WDI IT.NET.USER.ZS
Penduduk yang tercakup jaringan seluler, menurut teknologiIND.INF.digital.mobile_network_coverage INF Digital connectivity kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY, ADM1 SDG 9.c.1
Langganan pita lebar tetap per 100 pendudukIND.INF.digital.fixed_broadband INF Digital connectivity kapasitas penanggulangan /10*2 COUNTRY, ADM1 SDG 17.6.1 WB_WDI IT.NET.BBND.P2
Redundansi rute konektivitas internasionalIND.INF.digital.international_connectivity_redundancy INF Digital connectivity kapasitas penanggulangan 1 COUNTRY
Jam gangguan internet berskala nasionalIND.INF.digital.internet_disruption_hours INF Digital connectivity impact h/a COUNTRY
Ketahanan jaringan listrikIND.INF.utilities.power_grid_resilience INF Utilities kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY ISO_37123 ISO 37123:2019
Ketahanan jaringan pasokan airIND.INF.utilities.water_network_resilience INF Utilities kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY ISO_37123 ISO 37123:2019
Fasilitas kritis dengan daya cadangan 72 jamIND.INF.utilities.critical_facility_backup_power INF Utilities kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY ISO_37123 ISO 37123:2019
Aset pasokan air di zona bahaya tinggi, porsiIND.INF.utilities.water_assets_exposed.share INF Utilities keterpaparan % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Aset pembangkit dan jaringan listrik di zona bahaya tinggi, porsiIND.INF.utilities.power_assets_exposed.share INF Utilities keterpaparan % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Fasilitas vital di zona bahaya tinggi, porsiIND.INF.utilities.lifeline_facilities_exposed.share INF Utilities keterpaparan % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Kesenjangan investasi infrastruktur, porsi terhadap PDBIND.INF.utilities.infrastructure_investment_gap.gdp INF Utilities vulnerability % COUNTRY
City electricity interruption hours per customerIND.INF.urban.power_interruption_hours INF Urban systems vulnerability h/a CITY ISO_37120 ISO 37120:2018
Unit infrastruktur kritis yang rusak atau hancur akibat bencanaIND.INF.disruption.critical_infrastructure_damage INF Service disruption impact 1 COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI D-1 SDG 11.5.2
Fasilitas kesehatan yang rusak atau hancur akibat bencanaIND.INF.disruption.health_facilities_damaged INF Service disruption impact 1 COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI D-2
Fasilitas pendidikan yang rusak atau hancur akibat bencanaIND.INF.disruption.education_facilities_damaged INF Service disruption impact 1 COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI D-3
Gangguan layanan dasar yang disebabkan bencanaIND.INF.disruption.basic_service_disruptions INF Service disruption impact 1 COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI D-5
Kerugian ekonomi langsung pada infrastruktur kritis, porsi terhadap PDBIND.INF.disruption.critical_infrastructure_loss.gdp INF Service disruption impact % COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI C-5
Skor ITU Global Cybersecurity IndexIND.CYB.capability.gci_score CYB Cyber capability kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY ITU_GCI Overall score
Tingkatan ITU Global Cybersecurity IndexIND.CYB.capability.gci_tier CYB Cyber capability vulnerability {class} COUNTRY ITU_GCI Tier
Pilar langkah hukum ITU GCIIND.CYB.capability.gci_legal CYB Cyber capability kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY ITU_GCI Legal Measures
Pilar langkah teknis ITU GCIIND.CYB.capability.gci_technical CYB Cyber capability kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY ITU_GCI Technical Measures
Pilar langkah organisasi ITU GCIIND.CYB.capability.gci_organizational CYB Cyber capability kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY ITU_GCI Organizational Measures
Pilar langkah pengembangan kapasitas ITU GCIIND.CYB.capability.gci_capacity_development CYB Cyber capability kapasitas adaptif {score} COUNTRY ITU_GCI Capacity Development Measures
Pilar langkah kerja sama ITU GCIIND.CYB.capability.gci_cooperation CYB Cyber capability kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY ITU_GCI Cooperation Measures
Tim tanggap insiden komputer nasional yang beroperasiIND.CYB.capability.national_cert CYB Cyber capability kapasitas penanggulangan {bool} COUNTRY ITU_GCI Technical Measures
Undang-undang pelindungan data dan privasi yang berlakuIND.CYB.capability.data_protection_law CYB Cyber capability kapasitas penanggulangan {bool} COUNTRY ITU_GCI Legal Measures
Insiden siber signifikan per juta pendudukIND.CYB.incidents.significant_incident_rate CYB Incidents hazard /10*6/a COUNTRY
Insiden siber yang mengganggu layanan kritisIND.CYB.incidents.critical_sector_incidents CYB Incidents impact 1 COUNTRY
Nilai tambah layanan TIK, porsi terhadap PDBIND.CYB.dependence.ict_services_share.gdp CYB Digital dependence keterpaparan % COUNTRY WB_WDI BX.GSR.CCIS.ZS
Perkembangan e-governmentIND.CYB.dependence.egovernment_development CYB Digital dependence keterpaparan {score} COUNTRY
Belanja domestik bruto untuk litbang, porsi terhadap PDBIND.TEC.capability.rd_expenditure.gdp TEC Technology capability kapasitas adaptif % COUNTRY SDG 9.5.1 WB_WDI GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Peneliti per juta pendudukIND.TEC.capability.researchers_per_million TEC Technology capability kapasitas adaptif /10*6 COUNTRY SDG 9.5.2 WB_WDI SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
Ekspor teknologi tinggi, porsi terhadap ekspor manufakturIND.TEC.capability.high_tech_exports TEC Technology capability kapasitas adaptif % COUNTRY WB_WDI TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS SDG 9.b.1
Konsentrasi pemasok impor semikonduktorIND.TEC.concentration.semiconductor_import_concentration TEC Concentration and dependence vulnerability 1 COUNTRY
Konsentrasi penyedia infrastruktur cloudIND.TEC.concentration.cloud_provider_concentration TEC Concentration and dependence vulnerability 1 COUNTRY
Kapasitas komputasi AI di bawah kendali asing atau penyedia tunggalIND.TEC.ai.ai_compute_foreign_control TEC Kecerdasan buatan vulnerability % COUNTRY
Konsentrasi penyedia model fondasiIND.TEC.ai.foundation_model_concentration TEC Kecerdasan buatan vulnerability % COUNTRY
Pengawasan biosafety dan biosekuriti laboratorium penahanan tinggiIND.TEC.bio.biosecurity_lab_oversight TEC Bioteknologi kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY
Strategi PRB nasional yang selaras dengan Kerangka Kerja Sendai untuk Pengurangan Risiko Bencana 2015-2030IND.CRS.drr.national_drr_strategy CRS DRR strategy kapasitas penanggulangan {score} COUNTRY SENDAI E-1 SDG 1.5.3 SDG 11.b.1 SDG 13.1.2
Pemerintah daerah dengan strategi PRB yang selaras dengan strategi nasionalIND.CRS.drr.local_drr_strategies CRS DRR strategy kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY, ADM1 SENDAI E-2 SDG 1.5.4 SDG 11.b.2 SDG 13.1.3
Penduduk dalam jangkauan 15 menit dari layanan daruratIND.CRS.response.emergency_service_access CRS Response capacity kapasitas penanggulangan % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY ISO_37120 ISO 37120:2018
05Bahaya

Hazard families this series reads

families, each crosswalked to the UNDRR–ISC Hazard Information Profiles (2025) where a profile exists.

FIG 4 · Hazard families this series reads
Standar bahayaInformasiGaris depan267HAZARDS
3 hazard domains (inner ring) and 35 families (outer ring), sized by hazard count. Select a segment to filter the table below. Source: Hazard Standard Nexus Hazard Standard.
Keluarga Domain Bahaya Jumlah
Malicious compromise Sistem informasi dan siber-fisik Malware outbreak, Ransomware attack, Data breach, Persistent intrusion, Denial-of-service attack, Software or hardware supply-chain compromise, Social-engineering campaign, Online harassment campaign … 9
Information-integrity attacks Sistem informasi dan siber-fisik Disinformation campaign, Data and model integrity attack, Election infrastructure attack, Public record tampering, Misinformation surge and infodemic, Hazardous information disclosure 6
Cyber-physical disruption Sistem informasi dan siber-fisik Industrial control system compromise, Power-grid cyberattack, Transport control-system attack, Health-system cyberattack, Medical device compromise, Water utility cyberattack, Building systems compromise, Mass connected-device manipulation … 11
Signal and platform disruption Sistem informasi dan siber-fisik Satellite-navigation disruption, Major cloud or platform outage, Internet routing or naming failure, Subsea cable damage, Payment system outage, Radio-spectrum interference, Digital public infrastructure failure 7
Identity, trust and cryptographic failure Sistem informasi dan siber-fisik Identity provider compromise, Signing key or certificate compromise, Certificate or credential expiry outage, Cryptographic algorithm or implementation break, Mass account takeover, National digital identity system failure 6
Systemic cyber events Sistem informasi dan siber-fisik Defective update mass outage, Mass vulnerability exploitation, Connected-device botnet, Managed service provider compromise, Firmware or hardware backdoor, Insider threat, Cyber theft from financial infrastructure, Irrecoverable data loss … 9
Structural and civil failure Sistem terbangun Building collapse, Facade and cladding failure, Non-building structure failure, Bridge failure, Tunnel failure, Dam failure, Levee breach, Pipeline rupture 8
Utility and communication network outage Sistem terbangun Widespread power outage, Water supply failure, Sewer and drain failure, Gas supply network failure, Telecommunications outage, Emergency communications failure 6
Transport accidents Sistem terbangun Air transport accident, Maritime accident, Inland waterway accident, Rail accident, Road crash 5
Industrial and process accidents Sistem terbangun Industrial explosion, Reactive chemical store explosion, Industrial fire, Building and urban fire, Explosives accident, Mine accident, Oil and gas extraction accident, Battery thermal runaway fire … 15
Energy system instability and shortfall Sistem terbangun Low-inertia grid instability, System frequency collapse, Voltage collapse, Mass inverter disconnection, Grid power oscillation, Generation adequacy shortfall, Low wind and solar energy drought, Drought-driven hydropower shortfall … 22
Water and wastewater system failure Sistem terbangun Wastewater treatment plant failure, Distribution network contamination intrusion, Water treatment dosing error, Prolonged drinking-water advisory, Desalination plant outage, Raw-water intake loss, Chronic distribution leakage, Intermittent piped supply … 9
Telecom and data-centre failure Sistem terbangun Data-centre outage, Data-centre fire, Mobile or fixed core network failure, Terrestrial fibre backbone cut, Internet exchange or landing hub failure, Time and synchronisation failure, Telecom backup power exhaustion, Broadcast transmission loss 8
Space-based service loss Sistem terbangun Navigation satellite system fault, Satellite communications outage, Weather and Earth-observation satellite gap, Satellite ground segment failure 4
Seabed infrastructure damage Sistem terbangun Subsea pipeline damage, Subsea power cable damage, Covert seabed infrastructure sabotage 3
Transport network disruption Sistem terbangun Air traffic management failure, Large-scale airspace closure, Rail network outage, Heat-induced track buckling, Strategic road network closure, Low-water navigation restriction, Navigation lock or canal structure failure, Dangerous goods transport accident … 12
Food system infrastructure failure Sistem terbangun Food storage loss, Irrigation system failure, Food processing bottleneck, Strategic food reserve depletion, Loss of energy for food production 5
Urban and building-stock stress Sistem terbangun Building overheating, Seismically and structurally vulnerable stock, Defective building material in use, Construction and temporary works collapse, Tunnelling and excavation ground damage, High-rise evacuation failure 6
Ageing and degraded infrastructure Sistem terbangun Infrastructure deterioration, Deferred maintenance backlog, Reinforced concrete deterioration, Metal fatigue cracking, Ageing dam and reservoir stock, Legacy technology obsolescence, Infrastructure skills shortage 7
AI system failure and misalignment Teknologi terdepan dan eksponensial AI malfunction in a critical service, Out-of-distribution model failure, Correlated failure of shared AI models, Reliance on fabricated AI output, Specification gaming and reward hacking, Deceptive or strategically misaligned AI, Loss of human control over advanced AI, AI self-replication and exfiltration … 11
AI security and model supply chain Teknologi terdepan dan eksponensial Theft of frontier model weights, Backdoored AI model, AI model supply-chain compromise, Prompt injection against AI agents, AI-enabled cyber offence, Attack on AI compute infrastructure, Adversarial manipulation of machine learning 7
AI misuse and capability uplift Teknologi terdepan dan eksponensial AI uplift for biological weapons, AI uplift for chemical weapons, Synthetic media at scale, Non-consensual synthetic intimate imagery, AI-driven mass persuasion, AI-enabled mass surveillance and repression, AI-enabled seizure or entrenchment of power, Malicious use of AI 8
Agentic AI acting at scale Teknologi terdepan dan eksponensial Runaway autonomous agent action, Multi-agent interaction cascade, Algorithmic market flash crash, Human deskilling and over-reliance on AI, Gradual human disempowerment by AI, Autonomous agent overreach 6
Algorithmic decision and structural harm Teknologi terdepan dan eksponensial Harmful automated decision-making, Clinical AI error, Rapid AI-driven labour displacement, Concentration of frontier AI capability, Competitive AI race and safety erosion, Degradation of the shared knowledge base, Recommender-system amplification harm, Harm from AI companions and chatbots … 12
Robotics, autonomy and autonomous weapons Teknologi terdepan dan eksponensial Lethal autonomous weapon use, Drone swarm attack, Weaponised small drone attack, Drone intrusion into protected airspace, AI-accelerated military escalation, AI in nuclear command, control and warning, Industrial and service robot injury, Autonomous vehicle system failure … 10
Bioteknologi dan biologi sintetis Teknologi terdepan dan eksponensial Engineered pandemic pathogen, Dual-use research of concern, Benchtop DNA synthesis misuse, Biological design tool misuse, Automated biofoundry accident, Gene drive escape, Engineered organism escape into the environment, Mirror-image organism creation or release … 10
Nanotechnology and advanced materials Teknologi terdepan dan eksponensial Engineered nanomaterial exposure, High-aspect-ratio nanofibre inhalation, Nanomaterial accumulation in the environment, Uncontrolled self-replicating nanomachines, Molecular manufacturing arms race 5
Neurotechnology, human enhancement and extended reality Teknologi terdepan dan eksponensial Brain-computer interface failure, Neural device compromise, Neural data exploitation, Cognitive enhancement harm and coercion, Heritable human genome editing harm, Extended-reality physical and psychological harm, Manipulation of augmented perception 7
Quantum technology and cryptographic transition Teknologi terdepan dan eksponensial Cryptographically relevant quantum computer, Harvest-now, decrypt-later collection, Post-quantum migration failure, Quantum sensing erosion of strategic concealment 4
Teknologi intervensi iklim Teknologi terdepan dan eksponensial Solar geoengineering termination shock, Stratospheric aerosol injection side effects, Marine cloud brightening side effects, Unilateral or rogue geoengineering deployment, Ocean fertilisation side effects, Ocean alkalinity enhancement side effects, Large-scale carbon removal land and water competition, Geological carbon storage leakage … 11
Space technology and orbital infrastructure Teknologi terdepan dan eksponensial Destructive anti-satellite strike, Non-kinetic counterspace attack, Mega-constellation orbital congestion, Constellation-wide service failure, Upper-atmosphere pollution from launches and re-entries, Satellite interference with sky observation, Back-contamination from extraterrestrial samples 7
Digital infrastructure concentration and monoculture Teknologi terdepan dan eksponensial Critical open-source dependency failure, Advanced semiconductor fabrication concentration, Digital identity and trust service failure 3
Advanced and distributed manufacturing Teknologi terdepan dan eksponensial 3D-printed and untraceable firearms, Distributed production of weapon components, Additively manufactured critical part failure 3
Energy-transition technology failures Teknologi terdepan dan eksponensial Lithium battery fire in vehicles and transport, Mass manipulation of connected energy devices, Advanced reactor material security risk, Critical mineral supply concentration 4
Buku besar terdistribusi dan aset digital Teknologi terdepan dan eksponensial Smart-contract and oracle exploit 1
06Keterkaitan

How shocks cascade across systems

FIG 5 · Expected direct couplings between systems (row affects column)
WAT ENE FOO HLT BIO FIN TRD INF DIG SEC
Air
Weak expected couplingModerate expected couplingStrong expected coupling
Schematic: the couplings the Coupling instrument expects to estimate. Strengths here are expectations from the literature the edition will cite, not estimates; each becomes ◆ ESTIMATED with its method and references in an edition.
FIG 6 · Simulator: how a shock cascades across systems
0.8
0.7
0.5
0.2
–
berjalan di peramban Anda

AirEnergiPanganKesehatanKeanekaragaman hayatiKeuanganPerdaganganInfrastrukturDigitalKeamanan

Simulator: a threshold cascade on a schematic network of systems. Edge strengths are expected couplings (weak, moderate, strong), not estimates; the shock, coupling, threshold and buffers are yours. NXS-GRX (canonical data, provenance and risk) estimates couplings per edition before any coupled value is published.
07Metode

Method libraries

Each method has a reference implementation or declares the specialist model, data or adapter it still needs; none is promoted beyond its evidence.

56 methods

Siber, AI, dan teknologi mutakhir

Cyber Attack Surface · Exploitability · Threat Likelihood · Cyber Asset Criticality · Intrusion Propagation · Ransomware Risk · Identity Compromise …

27 methods

Infrastruktur kritis dan sistem industri

Asset Reliability · Process Safety · HAZOP · FMEA FMECA · Industrial Fault Tree · Industrial Event Tree · LOPA …

08Users

Who uses it

Governments and national risk agencies

Prioritise prevention and preparedness. Plan with subnational layers. Track Sendai targets. Co-develop a national index.

International financial institutions and development banks

Screen country and project context. Read fiscal resilience and protection gaps. Design pre-arranged finance questions.

UN system and humanitarian organisations

Compare needs across contexts with intervals. Watch weekly signals for review. Read outlooks for anticipatory planning.

Companies and supply chains

Screen sites and suppliers. Watch chokepoints and pulse. Read country context.

09Laporan

Edisi Nexus Reports

Edition code
SR-10
Edition status
direncanakan
Subjek
Named by Nexus Reports

Edisi Nexus Reports

10Kutip

Kutip dan gunakan kembali

GCRI Canada (2026). The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX): Digital public infrastructure series (GRX-SER-SR-10), Baseline Edition 2026. Preparatory working draft. https://risksindex.com/series/sr-10/ UNI NXS-GRX-AR-000083.
Series key
grix:SER.SR-10:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A
Domain keys
nis:IDX.GOV.quality.governance_weakness:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A nis:IDX.INF.disruption.infrastructure_fragility:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A nis:IDX.CYB.capability.cyber_risk:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A

Every country reads this series

Each country profile carries the domain indices this series is built from.

Profil negara Semua seri

Status

Metodologi, struktur, dan definisi The Global Risks Index merupakan draf kerja persiapan (2026), yang diedarkan untuk ditinjau dan dikomentari, bukan untuk diterapkan. Tidak ada nilai yang ditampilkan sampai sebuah edisi dirilis dari pemotongan bukti yang diatur; nilai-nilai tersebut kemudian memuat interval, kelas, sumber, dan jalur koreksinya. Simulator menjalankan metode yang diterbitkan pada angka yang Anda pilih dan tidak pernah menampilkan nilai NXS-GRX.

Apa yang bukan NXS-GRX

NXS-GRX adalah informasi riset dan analitik risiko. NXS-GRX bukan peringkat kredit atau ESG dan tidak memakai skala peringkat, bukan acuan untuk instrumen keuangan, bukan statistik resmi, bukan peringatan darurat atau klasifikasi resmi, dan bukan nasihat. NXS-GRX tidak boleh digunakan untuk menilai orang perseorangan. Kelas risiko adalah pita pada skala yang diterbitkan, tidak pernah peringkat negara atau orang.

Lembaga dan sumber

The Nexus Consortium is stewarded by three independent not-for-profit institutions: The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), through GCRI US in Washington, DC and GCRI Canada in Ontario, with GCRI Canada as Lead Institution, Consortium Secretariat and lead contracting organisation; The Global Risks Forum (GRF); and The Global Risks Alliance (GRA). Technology, infrastructure and service providers work with the Consortium at arm’s length under written agreements, like every other external party in the public-private-planet model, and hold no role in its stewardship.

Setiap nilai memuat atribusi sumbernya, yang tetap memiliki lisensinya masing-masing. Nama-nama eksternal dikutip semata-mata untuk interoperabilitas. Teks yang disusun Nexus direncanakan berlisensi CC BY 4.0 saat dirilis.

Avis en français

La méthodologie et les définitions du NXS-GRX sont un projet de travail préparatoire (2026). Le NXS-GRX est une information de recherche et d’analyse des risques : ni notation, ni indice de référence financier, ni statistique officielle, ni alerte, ni conseil. Les classes de risque sont des bandes sur une échelle publiée, non des classements.