The Global Risks Index
NXS-GRX · GRX-IDX-HLT · VUL Human and systems vulnerability

Health security risk index

INFORM-style aggregation, on 0 to 10, of epidemic and AMR hazard, disease burden and undernutrition against health-system and IHR capacity, each component oriented by its own polarity.

Page GRX-IDX-HLTEdition Baseline Edition 2026Evidence close 2026-09-30Indicator Standard IDX.HLT.security.health_security_riskValues not yet publishedSnapshot 31a753f76
FIG 1 · Method card
Aggregation

geometric

expert weights · floor 0.1 where geometric

Uncertainty

1,000 draws

normalisation, weights, aggregation, imputation

Structure

5 components

25 leaf indicators

Coverage

67% minimum

modelled share ≤ 20%

From the Indicator Standard definition of this index.
25
leaf indicators
5
components
1,000
Monte Carlo draws
9
series read it
01Construction

From indicators to the composite

Shows where an outbreak is likely, where it would land on a vulnerable population and where the system could not contain it; each sub-index stays visible.

computation
How Health security risk is computed
Graph33 nodes
Graph
01Indicators
02Sub-indices
03Domain index
04Pillar
05Composite
100%
List
  1. Epidemic event frequency
    Indicator · IND · 1
    Average annual number of distinct infectious-disease outbreak events in the country reported by WHO or a regional public-health agency over the latest five years, counting each event once whatever its duration.
  2. Reported cholera cases, per 100,000 population
    Indicator · IND · /10*5
    Cholera cases reported to WHO in the year per 100,000 of the mid-year population.
  3. Bloodstream infections due to MRSA
    Indicator · IND · %
    Share of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections that are methicillin-resistant, among patients with a tested blood sample.
  4. Bloodstream infections due to E. coli resistant to third-generation cephalosporins
    Indicator · IND · %
    Share of Escherichia coli bloodstream infections resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, among patients with a tested blood sample.
  5. Under-five mortality rate
    Indicator · IND · /10*3
    Probability, per 1,000 live births, that a child born in the year dies before reaching age five at current age-specific mortality.
  6. Maternal mortality ratio
    Indicator · IND · /10*5
    Deaths of women from pregnancy-related causes during pregnancy or within 42 days of its end, per 100,000 live births, as modelled by the UN inter-agency group.
  7. Premature mortality from major non-communicable diseases
    Indicator · IND · %
    Probability, in percent, of dying between exact ages 30 and 70 from cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory disease.
  8. Tuberculosis incidence
    Indicator · IND · /10*5
    Estimated new and relapse tuberculosis cases of all forms per 100,000 population in the year.
  9. Malaria incidence
    Indicator · IND · /10*3
    Estimated new malaria cases per 1,000 people living in areas at risk of transmission.
  10. HIV incidence
    Indicator · IND · /10*3
    New HIV infections in the year per 1,000 uninfected people of all ages.
  11. Stunting among children under five
    Indicator · IND · %
    Share of children under five whose height-for-age is more than two standard deviations below the WHO Child Growth Standards median (modelled estimate).
  12. Wasting among children under five
    Indicator · IND · %
    Share of children under five whose weight-for-height is more than two standard deviations below the WHO Child Growth Standards median, from the latest national survey.
  13. Anaemia among women of reproductive age
    Indicator · IND · %
    Share of women aged 15 to 49 with haemoglobin below the WHO threshold for their pregnancy status, adjusted for altitude and smoking.
  14. Medical doctors per 1,000 population
    Indicator · IND · /10*3
    Practising or professionally active medical doctors, generalists and specialists, per 1,000 population.
  15. Nurses and midwives per 1,000 population
    Indicator · IND · /10*3
    Nursing and midwifery personnel, professional and associate, per 1,000 population.
  16. Hospital beds per 1,000 population
    Indicator · IND · /10*3
    Inpatient beds in public, private, general and specialised hospitals and rehabilitation centres, per 1,000 population.
  17. UHC service coverage index
    Indicator · IND · {score}
    Index from 0 to 100 of the average coverage of essential services across reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health, infectious disease, non-communicable disease and service capacity and access.
  18. DTP3 immunisation coverage
    Indicator · IND · %
    Share of surviving infants who received the third dose of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-containing vaccine, as estimated by WHO and UNICEF.
  19. Second-dose measles immunisation coverage
    Indicator · IND · %
    Share of children who received the second dose of measles-containing vaccine by the nationally recommended age.
  20. Births attended by skilled health personnel
    Indicator · IND · %
    Share of live births attended by a doctor, nurse or midwife trained to manage normal deliveries and refer complications.
  21. Current health expenditure, share of GDP
    Indicator · IND · %
    Spending on health goods and services consumed in the year, from all financing sources, as a percentage of GDP (SHA 2011).
  22. IHR laboratory capacity (SPAR C4)
    Indicator · IND · {score}
    Self-reported SPAR score, from 0 to 100, for national laboratory systems: specimen referral and transport, biosafety, quality and testing for priority pathogens.
  23. IHR surveillance capacity (SPAR C5)
    Indicator · IND · {score}
    Self-reported SPAR score, from 0 to 100, for early-warning, event-based and indicator-based surveillance and event verification.
  24. IHR health emergency management capacity (SPAR C7)
    Indicator · IND · {score}
    Self-reported SPAR score, from 0 to 100, for emergency risk assessment, preparedness planning, emergency operations and logistics.
  25. IHR risk communication capacity (SPAR C10)
    Indicator · IND · {score}
    Self-reported SPAR score, from 0 to 100, for risk communication systems, community engagement and management of misinformation in emergencies.
  26. Epidemic and AMR hazard sub-index
    Sub-index · SUB · w 1 · 22.2%
    Composite of outbreak event frequency, reported cholera and resistance among MRSA and E. coli bloodstream infections.
  27. Disease burden sub-index
    Sub-index · SUB · w 1 · 22.2%
    Composite of under-five and maternal mortality, premature non-communicable disease mortality and the incidence of tuberculosis, malaria and HIV.
  28. Undernutrition sub-index
    Sub-index · SUB · w 0.5 · 11.1%
    Composite of child stunting, child wasting and anaemia among women of reproductive age.
  29. Health-system capacity sub-index
    Sub-index · SUB · w 1 · 22.2%
    Composite of doctor, nurse and bed density, UHC service coverage, routine immunisation, skilled birth attendance and health spending.
  30. IHR operational capacity sub-index
    Sub-index · SUB · w 1 · 22.2%
    Composite of the SPAR laboratory, surveillance, health emergency management and risk communication capacity scores.
  31. Health security risk index
    Domain index · IDX · geometric
    INFORM-style aggregation, on 0 to 10, of epidemic and AMR hazard, disease burden and undernutrition against health-system and IHR capacity, each component oriented by its own polarity.
  32. Human and systems vulnerability
    Pillar · PILLAR · 8 indices
    How susceptible are people, livelihoods, ecosystems and essential systems to harm when a shock arrives?
  33. NXS-GRX Composite Risk
    Composite · COMPOSITE · four pillars
    Composite = (HTE × VUL × MSF × LCC)^(1/4), each pillar on 0–10 floored at 0.1; pillar = expert-weighted geometric mean of its domain indices
Not runIn progressDone
FIG 2. 25 indicators, 5 components, real Indicator Standard weights (the bar under each node is its share). Select a node to trace what it feeds and what feeds it; Simulate run plays the computation in order.
02Simulator

Run this index's own aggregation

Set each component, change the aggregation or the weight uncertainty, and watch the interval, the class probability and each component's contribution respond.

FIG 3 · Simulator: aggregate health security risk on your numbers
Components (0 to 10)
3.0
5.0
7.0
4.0
6.0
25
1
–
runs in your browser
Contribution of each component (leave one out)
Simulator: the index's published aggregation run on numbers you set, with 1,000 draws over weights and aggregation. The slider positions are starting points for the explainer, not NXS-GRX (canonical data, provenance and risk) values.
03Method

Treatment, normalisation, weighting, aggregation, uncertainty

Treatment
WINSORISE
Outlier rule
|skew| > 2, kurtosis > 3.5
Normalisation
INFORM_0_10
Imputation
NONE
Coverage minimum
67% of components
Modelled share cap
20% of weight
Weighting
expert
Aggregation
geometric
Scale
0 to 10
Uncertainty
1,000 Monte Carlo runs over normalisation, weights, aggregation, imputation
Framework basis
INFORM Risk methodology (geometric dimensions); IHR (2005) monitoring framework; JRC COIN 10-step guide; OECD/JRC Handbook (2008)
Very low0.0 to < 2.0
Low2.0 to < 3.5
Medium3.5 to < 5.0
High5.0 to < 6.5
Very high6.5 to 10.0
04Components

5 components, 25 indicators

Epidemic and AMR hazard sub-index w 1

Composite of outbreak event frequency, reported cholera and resistance among MRSA and E. coli bloodstream infections.

IndicatorUnitEvidenceSourcesShare
Epidemic event frequencyIND.HLT.epidemic.outbreak_event_frequency1Class Bwho-disease-outbreak-news, who-weekly-bulletin-afro, africa-cdc-epidemic-intelligence40.0%
Reported cholera cases, per 100,000 populationIND.HLT.epidemic.cholera_cases.p100k/10*5Class Bwho-gho, who-cholera-annual-report20.0%
Bloodstream infections due to MRSAIND.HLT.amr.mrsa_bloodstream%Class Bwho-glass, who-gho20.0%
Bloodstream infections due to E. coli resistant to third-generation cephalosporinsIND.HLT.amr.ecoli_3gc_bloodstream%Class Bwho-glass, who-gho20.0%

Disease burden sub-index w 1

Composite of under-five and maternal mortality, premature non-communicable disease mortality and the incidence of tuberculosis, malaria and HIV.

IndicatorUnitEvidenceSourcesShare
Under-five mortality rateIND.HLT.burden.under5_mortality/10*3Class Cun-igme, wb-wdi, who-gho16.7%
Maternal mortality ratioIND.HLT.burden.maternal_mortality/10*5Class Cun-mmeig, wb-wdi, who-gho16.7%
Premature mortality from major non-communicable diseasesIND.HLT.burden.ncd_premature_mortality%Class Cwho-ghe, wb-wdi16.7%
Tuberculosis incidenceIND.HLT.burden.tb_incidence/10*5Class Cwho-global-tb-programme, wb-wdi16.7%
Malaria incidenceIND.HLT.burden.malaria_incidence/10*3Class Cwho-world-malaria-report, wb-wdi16.7%
HIV incidenceIND.HLT.burden.hiv_incidence/10*3Class Cunaids, wb-wdi, who-gho16.7%

Undernutrition sub-index w 0.5

Composite of child stunting, child wasting and anaemia among women of reproductive age.

IndicatorUnitEvidenceSourcesShare
Stunting among children under fiveIND.HLT.nutrition.stunting%Class Cunicef-who-wb-jme, wb-wdi, who-gho33.3%
Wasting among children under fiveIND.HLT.nutrition.wasting%Class Bunicef-who-wb-jme, wb-wdi, smart-surveys33.3%
Anaemia among women of reproductive ageIND.HLT.nutrition.anaemia_women%Class Cwho-gho, wb-wdi33.3%

Health-system capacity sub-index w 1

Composite of doctor, nurse and bed density, UHC service coverage, routine immunisation, skilled birth attendance and health spending.

IndicatorUnitEvidenceSourcesShare
Medical doctors per 1,000 populationIND.HLT.system.physician_density/10*3Class Bwho-nhwa, wb-wdi11.1%
Nurses and midwives per 1,000 populationIND.HLT.system.nurse_midwife_density/10*3Class Bwho-nhwa, wb-wdi11.1%
Hospital beds per 1,000 populationIND.HLT.system.hospital_beds/10*3Class Bwho-gho, wb-wdi, oecd-health11.1%
UHC service coverage indexIND.HLT.system.uhc_service_coverage{score}Class Cwho-gho, wb-wdi22.2%
DTP3 immunisation coverageIND.HLT.system.dtp3_coverage%Class Cwho-unicef-wuenic, wb-wdi11.1%
Second-dose measles immunisation coverageIND.HLT.system.mcv2_coverage%Class Cwho-unicef-wuenic, wb-hnp-stats11.1%
Births attended by skilled health personnelIND.HLT.system.skilled_birth_attendance%Class Bunicef-who-joint-database, wb-wdi11.1%
Current health expenditure, share of GDPIND.HLT.system.health_expenditure.gdp%Class Bwho-ghed, wb-wdi11.1%

IHR operational capacity sub-index w 1

Composite of the SPAR laboratory, surveillance, health emergency management and risk communication capacity scores.

IndicatorUnitEvidenceSourcesShare
IHR laboratory capacity (SPAR C4)IND.HLT.security.spar_laboratory{score}Class Bwho-spar, who-jee25.0%
IHR surveillance capacity (SPAR C5)IND.HLT.security.spar_surveillance{score}Class Bwho-spar, who-jee25.0%
IHR health emergency management capacity (SPAR C7)IND.HLT.security.spar_emergency_management{score}Class Bwho-spar, who-jee25.0%
IHR risk communication capacity (SPAR C10)IND.HLT.security.spar_risk_communication{score}Class Bwho-spar, who-jee25.0%
05Domain

Health

Disease burden, health-system capacity and health-security preparedness.

Sub-domainIndicators
Disease burden and mortality8
Health system capacity11
Health security (IHR)5
Epidemic and outbreak2
Antimicrobial resistance2
Nutrition3

Anchor frameworks (pillar structure and definitions only): WHO GHO; IHR JEE 3rd ed.; IHR SPAR 2nd ed.; SDG 3.

06Indicators

All 31 health indicators

FIG 4 · Indicators in scope, by domain and sub-domain
HLT · 31
Area is the number of indicator definitions; colour is the pillar the domain feeds (Macroeconomy and Space feed through their indices). Select a block to filter the table.
IndicatorDomainSub-domainComponentUnitLevelsCrosswalks
Under-five mortality rateIND.HLT.burden.under5_mortalityHLTDisease burden and mortalityvulnerability/10*3COUNTRYWB_WDI SH.DYN.MORT SDG 3.2.1 WHO_GHO MDG_0000000007
Neonatal mortality rateIND.HLT.burden.neonatal_mortalityHLTDisease burden and mortalityvulnerability/10*3COUNTRYWB_WDI SH.DYN.NMRT SDG 3.2.2
Maternal mortality ratioIND.HLT.burden.maternal_mortalityHLTDisease burden and mortalityvulnerability/10*5COUNTRYWB_WDI SH.STA.MMRT SDG 3.1.1 WHO_GHO MDG_0000000026
Life expectancy at birthIND.HLT.burden.life_expectancyHLTDisease burden and mortalityvulnerabilityaCOUNTRYWB_WDI SP.DYN.LE00.IN WHO_GHO WHOSIS_000001
Premature mortality from major non-communicable diseasesIND.HLT.burden.ncd_premature_mortalityHLTDisease burden and mortalityvulnerability%COUNTRYWB_WDI SH.DYN.NCOM.ZS SDG 3.4.1 WHO_GHO NCDMORT3070
Tuberculosis incidenceIND.HLT.burden.tb_incidenceHLTDisease burden and mortalityhazard/10*5COUNTRYWB_WDI SH.TBS.INCD SDG 3.3.2 WHO_GHO MDG_0000000020
Malaria incidenceIND.HLT.burden.malaria_incidenceHLTDisease burden and mortalityhazard/10*3COUNTRYWB_WDI SH.MLR.INCD.P3 SDG 3.3.3 WHO_GHO SDGMALARIA
HIV incidenceIND.HLT.burden.hiv_incidenceHLTDisease burden and mortalityhazard/10*3COUNTRYWB_WDI SH.HIV.INCD.TL.P3 SDG 3.3.1 WHO_GHO SDGHIV WB_WDI SH.HIV.INCD.ZS
Medical doctors per 1,000 populationIND.HLT.system.physician_densityHLTHealth system capacitycoping capacity/10*3COUNTRYWB_WDI SH.MED.PHYS.ZS WHO_GHO HWF_0001 SDG 3.c.1
Nurses and midwives per 1,000 populationIND.HLT.system.nurse_midwife_densityHLTHealth system capacitycoping capacity/10*3COUNTRYWB_WDI SH.MED.NUMW.P3 WHO_GHO HWF_0006 SDG 3.c.1
Hospital beds per 1,000 populationIND.HLT.system.hospital_bedsHLTHealth system capacitycoping capacity/10*3COUNTRYWB_WDI SH.MED.BEDS.ZS WHO_GHO WHS6_102
UHC service coverage indexIND.HLT.system.uhc_service_coverageHLTHealth system capacitycoping capacity{score}COUNTRYSDG 3.8.1 WHO_GHO UHC_INDEX_REPORTED WB_WDI SH.UHC.SRVS.CV.XD
Population with catastrophic out-of-pocket health spendingIND.HLT.system.catastrophic_oopHLTHealth system capacityvulnerability%COUNTRYSDG 3.8.2 WB_WDI SH.UHC.OOPC.10.ZS
Out-of-pocket spending, share of current health expenditureIND.HLT.system.oop_shareHLTHealth system capacityvulnerability%COUNTRYWB_WDI SH.XPD.OOPC.CH.ZS WHO_GHO GHED_OOPSCHE_SHA2011
Current health expenditure, share of GDPIND.HLT.system.health_expenditure.gdpHLTHealth system capacitycoping capacity%COUNTRYWB_WDI SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS
DTP3 immunisation coverageIND.HLT.system.dtp3_coverageHLTHealth system capacitycoping capacity%COUNTRYWHO_GHO WHS4_100 WB_WDI SH.IMM.IDPT SDG 3.b.1
Second-dose measles immunisation coverageIND.HLT.system.mcv2_coverageHLTHealth system capacitycoping capacity%COUNTRYWHO_GHO MCV2 WB_WDI SH.IMM.MEA2 SDG 3.b.1
Births attended by skilled health personnelIND.HLT.system.skilled_birth_attendanceHLTHealth system capacitycoping capacity%COUNTRYWB_WDI SH.STA.BRTC.ZS SDG 3.1.2
Travel time to the nearest health facilityIND.HLT.system.health_facility_travel_timeHLTHealth system capacityvulnerabilityminCOUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
IHR core capacity score (SPAR)IND.HLT.security.spar_capacityHLTHealth security (IHR)coping capacity{score}COUNTRYSDG 3.d.1 WHO_GHO SDGIHR2021 WHO_GHO SDGIHR2018
IHR laboratory capacity (SPAR C4)IND.HLT.security.spar_laboratoryHLTHealth security (IHR)coping capacity{score}COUNTRYSPAR C4 WHO_GHO IHRSPAR2_C04 JEE D1
IHR surveillance capacity (SPAR C5)IND.HLT.security.spar_surveillanceHLTHealth security (IHR)coping capacity{score}COUNTRYSPAR C5 WHO_GHO IHRSPAR2_C05 JEE D2
IHR health emergency management capacity (SPAR C7)IND.HLT.security.spar_emergency_managementHLTHealth security (IHR)coping capacity{score}COUNTRYSPAR C7 WHO_GHO IHRSPAR2_C07 JEE R1
IHR risk communication capacity (SPAR C10)IND.HLT.security.spar_risk_communicationHLTHealth security (IHR)coping capacity{score}COUNTRYSPAR C10 WHO_GHO IHRSPAR2_C10 JEE R5
Epidemic event frequencyIND.HLT.epidemic.outbreak_event_frequencyHLTEpidemic and outbreakhazard1COUNTRY, ADM1
Reported cholera cases, per 100,000 populationIND.HLT.epidemic.cholera_cases.p100kHLTEpidemic and outbreakhazard/10*5COUNTRYWHO_GHO CHOLERA_0000000001
Bloodstream infections due to MRSAIND.HLT.amr.mrsa_bloodstreamHLTAntimicrobial resistancehazard%COUNTRYWHO_GHO AMR_INFECT_MRSA SDG 3.d.2
Bloodstream infections due to E. coli resistant to third-generation cephalosporinsIND.HLT.amr.ecoli_3gc_bloodstreamHLTAntimicrobial resistancehazard%COUNTRYWHO_GHO AMR_INFECT_ECOLI SDG 3.d.2
Stunting among children under fiveIND.HLT.nutrition.stuntingHLTNutritionvulnerability%COUNTRYWB_WDI SH.STA.STNT.ME.ZS SDG 2.2.1 WHO_GHO NUTSTUNTINGPREV FAO_FAOSTAT 21025
Wasting among children under fiveIND.HLT.nutrition.wastingHLTNutritionvulnerability%COUNTRY, ADM1WB_WDI SH.STA.WAST.ZS SDG 2.2.2 WHO_GHO NUTRITION_WH_2 FAO_FAOSTAT 21026
Anaemia among women of reproductive ageIND.HLT.nutrition.anaemia_womenHLTNutritionvulnerability%COUNTRYWB_WDI SH.ANM.ALLW.ZS WHO_GHO NUTRITION_ANAEMIA_REPRODUCTIVEAGE_PREV SDG 2.2.3 FAO_FAOSTAT 21043
07Quote

Health security risk index, world

The world reading of this index, every country as a tile and the largest movements since the previous edition.

NXS-GRX · HLT · 195 profiles · 0–10 scale
Health security risk index, world
—
Values publish with the edition; the interval, class and change appear here.
Previous edition
—
Range since 2016
—
Coupled composite
—
Coupling score S
—
Pulse, latest week
—
Outlook, 12 months
—
Method
Indicator Standard 1.0 · NXS-GRX 2026
Draws
1,000
Health security risk index, world, by edition

No released values yet. The first edition draws the history here with its interval band and class bounds.

The line is the point value by edition; the band is the 90% interval; dashed lines are the class bounds at 2, 3.5, 5 and 6.5.
No movements yet. Changes since the previous edition are listed here from the second edition on, with the indicators that drove them.
08Values

Country values

FIG 5 · Health security risk index: countries (values when released)
Loading the map
AndorraAntigua and BarbudaBahrainBarbadosComorosCabo VerdeDominicaMicronesia (Federated States of)GrenadaKiribatiSaint Kitts and NevisSaint LuciaLiechtensteinMonacoMaldivesMarshall IslandsMaltaMauritiusNauruPalauSingaporeSan MarinoSao Tome and PrincipeSeychellesTongaTuvaluHoly SeeSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesSamoa
Equal Earth · Natural Earth 1:110mValues when released
Until the first edition is released the map shows UN M49 regions or the Nexus Reports edition; it then shows this index's classes with each country's interval on hover. Countries are listed by name, never ordered by value.
Tiles
/api/v1/public/grix/risk-products/tiles/hlt/{z}/{x}/{y}.mvt
Observation key
nis:IDX.HLT.security.health_security_risk:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A
09Series

Series that read this index

GLBGlobal SystemsThe state of interdependent global risk: the twenty domain indices aggregated to the world, the five core systems (water, energy, food, health, biodiversity) and their couplings, the global tail register and the gap between perceived and measured risk.GS-04Global HealthHealth security capacity, epidemic emergence and spread, heat and air-quality burden, health system stress and access.SR-01Global PolycrisisHow crises become entangled: common causes, domino effects and feedbacks across climate, economy, health and security.SR-12Health security and biosecurityPandemic and epidemic preparedness, antimicrobial resistance, zoonotic spillover and biosecurity controls, at public-safe level.XT-15Biotechnology and biosecurityBiotechnology capability and governance at public-safe level: laboratory biosafety, oversight and detection capacity; no capability information is published.XT-19Neurotechnology and human augmentationNeurotechnology and augmentation: safety, privacy, equity and governance risks.XT-20Converging technologiesRisks that emerge where frontier technologies combine (AI with biotechnology, autonomy with cyber, compute with energy) and outrun single-technology governance.TH-01Nexus InterdependencyThe water, energy, food, health and biodiversity systems read together: drought to energy stress, energy disruption to health stress, biodiversity loss to food-system stress, flood to water contamination, heat to health and grid stress, cyber-physical disruption across all five.TH-04Disaster Risk Intelligence (DRI)Signals, observations, event streams, geospatial layers and scenario packs turned into structured risk intelligence for preparedness and planning.
10Validity

Crosswalks and validity checks

Crosswalks map leaf indicators to source code lists; established indices are used for validity checks, never re-weighted as inputs.

Code systemLeaf indicators mapped
WHO_GHO22
WB_WDI18
SDG17
SPAR4
JEE4
FAO_FAOSTAT3
11Across the Nexus

Platforms, standards and ways to take part

Field and service platforms of GCRI, GRF and GRA, the Nexus Risk Standards for this domain, learning, working groups and open calls. Every link is a live page.

12Cite

Cite and reuse

GCRI Canada (2026). The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX): Health security risk index (GRX-IDX-HLT), Baseline Edition 2026. Preparatory working draft. https://risksindex.com/indices/health-security-risk/ UNI NXS-GRX-AR-000126.

See this index in every country profile

Each profile shows this index with its interval and class once released.