Global Risks Index
خێزانە نیشاندەرێکی کراوە و فرەبوار کە مەترسیدەر، لاوازی، ناسکیی دارایی-ماکرۆ، توانای مامەڵەکردن و پەیوەستیی سیستەمی بۆ هەموو وڵاتێک دەخوێنێتەوە، لەگەڵ مەودا، سەرچاوە و ڕاستکردنەوە لەسەر هەموو بەهایەک.
Where to start
چاودێرخانە
The live globe: layers, H3 cells, population and alerts.
کراوە بخوێنەوەIntelligence hub
Signals and outlooks across all twenty domains.
کراوە بەراورد بکە195 country sites
Profiles with every province and district on terrain maps.
کراوە پێواننیشاندەری بوارەکان
Twenty indices in four pillars, with intervals.
کراوە تاقیکردنەوەتاقیگەی نیشاندەر
Composite construction and signal testing on your data.
کراوە دووبارە بەکارهێنانەوەداتای کراو
Downloads with source and licence on every row.
کراوە بنیاتنانAPIs and engines
Every endpoint, engine and key in one place.
کراوە بەشداری بکەبەشداری بکە
Data, code, design, research and corrections.
کراوەExposure and coverage at a glance
Source observations from open grids, never index values: index values publish with the edition. Each figure names its source and opens its region or country.
- ئەفریقا1.51 ملیار18.8%
- ئەمریکاکان1.03 ملیار12.8%
- ئاسیا4.74 ملیار58.8%
- Europe725.0 m9.0%
- Oceania41.9 m0.5%
GHSL 2025، European Commission JRC (CC BY 4.0)، کۆکراوەتەوە لەسەر یەکەکانی ئاستی یەکەم.
- Africa72.9 m4.8% of the region
- Americas60.9 m5.9% of the region
- Asia595.2 m12.6% of the region
- Europe37.8 m5.2% of the region
- Oceania3.6 m8.5% of the region
GEBCO 2024 Grid (موڵکی گشتی) و GHSL 2025 (CC BY 4.0)؛ خەڵکی سەر زەوی بە بەرزیی 10 m یان کەمتر.
- ADM13,188195 countries
- ADM248,764175 countries
- ADM395,84674 countries
- ADM493,96917 countries
- ADM5699,5963 countries
geoBoundaries، هەر وڵات و ئاستێک بە مۆڵەتی خۆی؛ چینە share-alike ەکان جیا هێڵراونەتەوە.
- ئەفریقا39لە 54
- ئەمریکاکان33لە 35
- ئاسیا40لە 48
- ئەورووپا30لە 44
- ئۆقیانووسیا14لە 14
GEBCO 2024 Grid (موڵکی گشتی) و GHSL 2025 (CC BY 4.0)؛ خەڵکی سەر زەوی بە بەرزیی 10 m یان کەمتر.
Global exposure map
People per H3 cell from the GHSL 2025 grid on a tilted world map. Scroll moves the page; Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll, or + and −, zoom the map; drag to pan, right-drag to tilt and turn; select a country to open it.
What NXS-GRX (canonical data, provenance and risk) is
خێزانە نیشاندەرێکی کراوە و فرەبوار کە مەترسیدەر، لاوازی، ناسکیی دارایی-ماکرۆ، توانای مامەڵەکردن و پەیوەستیی سیستەمی بۆ هەموو وڵاتێک دەخوێنێتەوە، لەگەڵ مەودا، سەرچاوە و ڕاستکردنەوە لەسەر هەموو بەهایەک.
A family of indices, not one monolithic score
NXS-GRX (canonical data, provenance and risk) publishes twenty domain indices, four pillar indices, a composite and six instruments. The composite never appears without every pillar and domain beside it, and no independent dimension is collapsed silently.
Classes with intervals, never league tables
Every value carries a 90% interval from Monte Carlo analysis over normalisation, weights, imputation and aggregation. Countries are placed in risk classes with a stated class probability; pages list countries by name or code, never by value.
No data is not zero
A missing input is shown as missing, an imputed input is flagged, and a value is withheld when coverage falls below the method’s minimum. An empty profile, an unavailable source and an observed zero render differently.
Every value resolves to its source
Each value carries its source release, licence, retrieval time, method version and transformation chain (W3C PROV). A correction anywhere propagates to every dependent value and is logged publicly.
Measured, modelled and perceived are kept apart
Status glyphs separate observed, reported, estimated, inferred, forecast, simulated, scenario and expert input. Perception signals form their own instrument and are never blended into measured risk.
Systemic by construction
Standalone risk and coupling-adjusted risk are reported side by side, from typed dependency networks across trade, finance, energy, food, infrastructure and information.
Licence-gated and reproducible
A source enters a public value only when its licence admits that use; withheld values are counted, not hidden. Methods, code paths, seeds and digests are published per release so any value can be recomputed.
Information, not authority
NXS-GRX is research and risk-analytics information. It is not a rating, an official classification, a warning, a benchmark or advice, and it never decides for an institution.
The world board
Composite, coupled composite and the four pillars for the world, with change, interval, class probability and trend, and the countries that moved most.
| ئامراز | بەها | گۆڕانکاری | گۆڕانکاری % | 90% interval | Class · probability | ڕەوت | مەودا |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NXS-GRX Composite RiskNXS-GRX · CRI | – | – | – | – | – | ||
NXS-GRX Coupled RiskNXS-GRX · CPL | – | – | – | – | – | ||
Hazard and threat exposureNXS-GRX · HTE | – | – | – | – | – | ||
Human and systems vulnerabilityNXS-GRX · VUL | – | – | – | – | – | ||
Macro-financial and structural fragilityNXS-GRX · MSF | – | – | – | – | – | ||
Lack of coping and adaptive capacityNXS-GRX · LCC | – | – | – | – | – |
Your watchlist
Why a new index
Established indices each read part of risk well. None reads all of it on one grammar with uncertainty, systemic coupling, forecasts, scenarios and provenance on every value.
The gap matrix
- 01بۆشایی
No index unifies hazard, vulnerability, conflict, macro-finance, cyber, health, food, nature and technology in one structure.
NXS-GRXSource: the landscape, 2026-10Twenty index domain indices in four pillars, one grammar.
- 02بۆشایی
Systemic and cascading risk is described, not modelled.
NXS-GRXSource: the landscape, 2026-10Coupling instrument: typed dependency networks, contagion models, coupled beside standalone composite.
- 03بۆشایی
Subnational coverage is thin and not comparable
NXS-GRXSource: the landscape, 2026-10ADM1, ADM2 and one H3 fabric for hazard, exposure and capacity.
- 04بۆشایی
Uncertainty is rarely reported; ranks are over-read
NXS-GRXSource: the landscape, 2026-1090% intervals, class probabilities and Sobol sensitivity on every value; no league tables.
- 05بۆشایی
Data lags one to three years
NXS-GRXSource: the landscape, 2026-10Pulse instrument: weekly nowcast over admitted event streams.
- 06بۆشایی
Few indices forecast or are back-tested
NXS-GRXSource: the landscape, 2026-10Outlook instrument with published verification scorecards
هەر 17 بۆشایی
- 07بۆشایی
Scenario projections are rare and macro-only
NXS-GRXSource: the landscape, 2026-10Pathways instrument: SSP × warming level and transition families to 2030, 2050 and 2100.
- 08بۆشایی
Perceived and measured risk are blurred
NXS-GRXSource: the landscape, 2026-10Perception instrument kept separate, with a published gap.
- 09بۆشایی
Values rarely trace to sources, versions and licences.
NXS-GRXSource: the landscape, 2026-10Record-level provenance, licence gate, public correction log
- 10بۆشایی
Machine access is weak (PDF and spreadsheet releases)
NXS-GRXSource: the landscape, 2026-10API, SDMX keys, vector tiles, bulk files and versioned releases.
- 11بۆشایی
Licence restrictions block derived reuse
NXS-GRXSource: the landscape, 2026-10Per-source licence gate; withheld values counted
- 12بۆشایی
Coverage gaps cluster in fragile and small-island states.
NXS-GRXSource: the landscape, 2026-10Coverage vector per country; imputation flagged and capped.
- 13بۆشایی
Capacity on paper is mistaken for performance
NXS-GRXSource: the landscape, 2026-10Capability ladder from listed to demonstrated in real events.
- 14بۆشایی
Methods change and break comparability
NXS-GRXSource: the landscape, 2026-10Semantic versions, back-cast series, digests per release
- 15بۆشایی
Neglected domains: AI, space weather, biosecurity, minerals, digital infrastructure, tail risk.
NXS-GRXSource: the landscape, 2026-10Exponential technology and strategic systems series; Tail instrument.
- 16بۆشایی
No shared taxonomy across indices
NXS-GRXSource: the landscape, 2026-10hazards with HIPs crosswalks; indicators with 501 crosswalks to source code lists.
- 17بۆشایی
Means hide fat tails
NXS-GRXSource: the landscape, 2026-10Exceedance curves, return-period losses and expected shortfall where loss can be modelled.
Families read, each with what it leaves open
Established risk and resilience indices, read for interoperability and validity checks. Names are those of their stewards and are cited for reference only; no text of any index is reproduced and no endorsement is implied.
چۆن کار دەکات
Ten journeys from the registries: source to profile, a run, provenance, correction, the composite, a country profile, a release, the instruments, a data offer and API access. Select a step to trace it. Play runs only when you press it.
Process explorer · NXS-GRX · Pipeline
From source to profile
24 steps·8 stages
NXS-GRX · Pipeline
From source to profile
Source to profile · A run you follow · Provenance · Correction · Pillars and composite · Country profile · Edition release · Seven instruments · Data offer · API access.
Licensed sources become indicators, domain indices, four pillars and the composite, then country profiles, series and the API.
01 سەرچاوەکان
- 01205 سەرچاوەی تۆمارکراو
- 02Event streams
- 03Scenario families
- 04Surveys and elicitation
02 هاوئاهەنگکردن
- 05Harmonised series
- 06Dependency network
03 Indicators
- 07451 نیشاندەر
04 Sub-indices
- 0886 sub-indices
05 بوارەکان
- 0920 domain indices
06 کۆڵەکەکان
- 10Hazard and threat exposure
- 11Human and systems vulnerability
- 12Macro-financial and structural fragility
- 13Lack of coping and adaptive capacity
- 14Systemic coupling score
07 Composite and instruments
- 15NXS-GRX Composite Risk
- 16لێدان
- 17تێڕوانین
- 18ڕێڕەوەکان
- 19کلک
- 20تێگەیشتن
08 دەرهاویشتەکان
- 21NXS-GRX Coupled Risk
- 22195 پڕۆفایلی وڵات
- 2354 series indices
- 24API, tiles and bulk files
Four pillars, one composite, never alone
Composite = (HTE × VUL × MSF × LCC)^(1/4), each pillar on 0–10 floored at 0.1; pillar = expert-weighted geometric mean of its domain indices.
Hazard and threat exposure
What can strike, how often, how hard and who and what stands in its way? 5 domain indices.
نیشاندەرە لێکدراوەکان VULHuman and systems vulnerability
How susceptible are people, livelihoods, ecosystems and essential systems to harm when a shock arrives? 8 domain indices.
نیشاندەرە لێکدراوەکان MSFMacro-financial and structural fragility
How much fiscal, financial, external, digital and technological room does the system have before stress turns into crisis? 5 domain indices.
نیشاندەرە لێکدراوەکان LCCLack of coping and adaptive capacity
Can institutions anticipate, absorb, respond, recover and adapt? 2 domain indices.
نیشاندەرە لێکدراوەکانSeven instruments, seven questions
پێکهاتەیی
What is the slow-moving baseline of risk? ◆ESTIMATED◆MODELLED.
ڕێباز Weekly nowcast, event-driven between releasesلێدان
What has changed since the last structural cut? ●OBSERVED▲INFERRED.
ڕێباز Monthly, horizons of 1, 3, 12 and 36 monthsتێڕوانین
How likely are defined adverse outcomes over a stated horizon? ◇FORECAST.
ڕێباز Each annual editionڕێڕەوەکان
How does risk move under alternative futures to 2030, 2050 and 2100? ○SCENARIO◈SIMULATED.
ڕێباز Each annual edition, event-updatedکلک
What does the rare, severe end of the distribution look like? ◈SIMULATED◆MODELLED.
ڕێباز Each annual edition, quarterly network refreshهاوبەستی
Where does risk travel across systems and borders? ◆ESTIMATED◈SIMULATED.
ڕێباز Annual expert and public survey wavesتێگەیشتن
Where does perceived risk differ from measured risk? ◎EXPERT INPUT□REPORTED.
ڕێبازTwenty domain indices in four pillars
Each domain index has its own page with components, indicators, aggregation and intervals. Pick a pillar.
HTE: What can strike, how often, how hard and who and what stands in its way?
Multi-hazard exposure index
5 components · 17 indicators HTE · CLIClimate physical hazard index
3 components · 16 indicators HTE · CONConflict risk index
4 components · 15 indicators HTE · SPCSpace-weather exposure index
2 components · 6 indicators HTE · CLIClimate transition exposure index
2 components · 5 indicatorsVUL: How susceptible are people, livelihoods, ecosystems and essential systems to harm when a shock arrives?
Socio-economic vulnerability index
5 components · 18 indicators VUL · DEMDisplacement pressure index
4 components · 10 indicators VUL · FOOFood insecurity risk index
5 components · 20 indicators VUL · WATWater security risk index
4 components · 11 indicators VUL · HLTHealth security risk index
5 components · 25 indicators VUL · ENVEnvironmental pressure index
5 components · 16 indicators VUL · ENEEnergy security risk index
5 components · 20 indicators VUL · INFInfrastructure fragility index
5 components · 24 indicatorsMSF: How much fiscal, financial, external, digital and technological room does the system have before stress turns into crisis?
Fiscal and public debt risk index
7 components · 27 indicators MSF · FINFinancial stability risk index
7 components · 28 indicators MSF · ECOExternal dependence risk index
5 components · 22 indicators MSF · CYBCyber risk index
3 components · 12 indicators MSF · TECTechnology concentration risk index
4 components · 10 indicatorsLCC: Can institutions anticipate, absorb, respond, recover and adapt?
14 hazard domains
The Nexus Hazard Standard (Hazard Standard) sorts every hazard into fourteen domains and their families.
کەشوهەوا و ئاووهەوا
41 hazards · 5 familiesسیستەمەکانی ئاو
18 hazards · 3 familiesسەهۆڵ و بەفر
47 hazards · 6 familiesبەشی ڕەقی زەوی
17 hazards · 2 familiesبۆشایی و نزیک زەوی
39 hazards · 6 familiesزەوی و ژینگە
58 hazards · 7 familiesسنوورەکانی گۆی زەوی و خاڵی پێچەوانەبوونی سیستەمی زەوی
63 hazards · 9 familiesپیسبوون و ماددە مەترسیدارەکان
124 hazards · 21 familiesتەندروستی و ئاسایشی زیندەیی
110 hazards · 13 familiesسیستەمە بنیادنراوەکان
48 hazards · 6 familiesسیستەمە زانیاری و سایبەری-فیزیکییەکان
109 hazards · 16 familiesتەکنەلۆجیای پێشەنگ و ئاستی بەخێرایی
130 hazards · 14 familiesکۆمەڵگا، ململانێ و ئابووری
47 hazards · 4 familiesڕووداوە سیستەمی و تێکەڵەکان
Global, sector, strategic, technology, thematic and regional
زنجیرە جیهانییەکان
The world read as one interdependent system. 1 series.
کراوە GSزنجیرەی کەرتە جیهانییەکان
Fifteen sector indices on the grammar of the Nexus Reports sector screen. 15 series.
کراوە SRزنجیرەی سیستەمە ستراتیژییەکان
Cross-cutting systems where crises entangle. 14 series.
کراوە XTزنجیرەی تەکنەلۆجیای خێراگەشە
Frontier technologies as infrastructure, dependency and hazard. 20 series.
کراوە THزنجیرە بابەتییەکان
Disaster risk reduction, finance and intelligence, and the water, energy, food, health and biodiversity nexus. 4 series.
کراوە RGزنجیرەی هەرێمی
The five UN M49 regions and their twenty-two sub-regions. 5 regions.
کراوە195 country sites by region
One site per country with every province and district on terrain maps. Values publish with the edition.
How to read NXS-GRX
Classes, not ranks
A class is printed with its probability (share of Monte Carlo draws inside the class). Below 60% the adjacent class is printed too (for example High, 54% · Very high, 41%).
The status of every value
| هێما | دۆخ | ئامرازەکان |
|---|---|---|
| ● | چاودێریکراو | Measured directly and published by the source |
| □ | ڕاپۆرتکراو | Reported or declared by a publisher, not independently measured |
| ◆ | مەزەندەکراو | Estimated or modelled by a stated method |
| ▲ | دەرهێنراو | Inferred from related signals |
| ◇ | پێشبینی | Probabilistic statement about a future period |
| ◈ | لاسایکراوە | Output of a simulation or stochastic event set |
| ○ | سیناریۆ | Conditional on a named scenario, not a prediction |
| ◎ | EXPERT INPUT | هەڵسەنگاندنی ڕێکخراوی پسپۆڕان |
When there is no value
| دۆخ | ئامرازەکان |
|---|---|
PUBLISHED | Released in an edition with interval, class and sources |
NO_DATA | No admitted input; not a zero |
INSUFFICIENT_EVIDENCE | Coverage below the method minimum; value withheld |
WITHHELD | An input’s licence or the public-safe screen does not admit public display; counted |
DEGRADED | Published with a stated quality limitation |
خزمەت بە کێ دەکات
Solutions by sector: what each user needs, the products that answer it and the journeys that deliver it.
Governments and national agencies
Prioritise prevention, plan subnationally and report on Sendai.
IFIMultilaterals and development banks
Screen country and project context, read fiscal resilience.
UNUN system and humanitarian agencies
Compare needs with intervals, watch weekly signals.
REGبانکە ناوەندییەکان و سەرپەرشتیاران
Design supervisory scenarios, read systemic coupling and replicate methods.
INSکۆمپانیاکانی بیمە و بیمەی دووبارە
Read hazard, exposure and protection gaps, run tails.
FINBanks and asset managers
Read sovereign and systemic context, run climate pathways.
CORPCorporates and supply chains
Screen sites and suppliers, watch chokepoints and keep country context current.
GOVCities and infrastructure operators
Read hexagon-level hazard and dependency layers for planning, investment.
ACAResearch and academia
Replicate every value, study and extend the methods, contribute data and review.
ACADevelopers and frontier-tech builders
Build applications, models.
NGOCivil society and NGOs
Target programmes with open profiles and contribute local evidence.
MEDMedia and citizens
Explain risk with intervals and classes, and embed maps.
Tasks and journeys
Every task is a run you can follow: who acts at each job, the technology, the checks and the gates where it waits for review.
- Submit a correction5 stages · 10 jobs
- Country right of reply4 stages · 7 jobs
- Offer a dataset5 stages · 8 jobs
- Request API access4 stages · 6 jobs
- Commission a bespoke index5 stages · 7 jobs
- Co-develop a national index5 stages · 7 jobs
- Request a scenario pack5 stages · 5 jobs
- Become an expert reviewer4 stages · 5 jobs
ڕێگاکان
The methods the indices and instruments run on, grouped in fabrics, each with its own page.
Data, licences and the API
Every source is registered with its licence. Only what a licence admits reaches a public value.
داتای کراو
Downloads with source and licence on every row.
مۆڵەتەکانThe licence gate
Nothing enters a public value its licence does not admit.
بنیاتنانAPIs and engines
Every endpoint, engine and key in one place.
نەخشەکانداتای جوگرافی
Boundaries, H3 cells and tiles with their sources.
Three independent stewards, three lenses
The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) works through GCRI US in Washington, DC and GCRI Canada in Ontario. GCRI Canada leads the Nexus Consortium as Lead Institution, Consortium Secretariat and lead contracting organisation. The Global Risks Forum (GRF) and The Global Risks Alliance (GRA) keep independent mandates as consortium stewards. Technology, infrastructure and service providers act at arm’s length and have no control over institutional governance, research, publications, national priorities or customer, sovereign and community data.
GCRI Canada
Evidence, methods, risk ontology, data discipline, verifiable records and correction.
Global Risks Forum
Leadership, institutional dialogue and the stewardship of Nexus Universe. It records the programme gates G0 to G7.
Global Risks Alliance
Finance, insurance and development readiness. Risk evidence becomes diligence material, never an approval or a transaction.
Governance and corrections
Every value moves through recorded states. Anyone can submit a correction, and every correction is logged in public.
The life of a value
حوکمڕانی
Three stewards, independent lenses, recorded decisions.
ڕاستکردنەوەSubmit a correction
A correction is recomputed, reviewed by stewards and logged.
وەڵامدانەوەمافی وەڵامدانەوەی وڵات
A country can answer what its profile says.
ئاگادارییەکانئاگادارییە یاساییەکان
Licences, terms and what the Index is not.
Evidence cuts
An edition is published after review, not to a calendar; the dates are evidence cuts.
Edition and correction alerts
Notices when an edition, a vintage or a correction is published; no tracking and no other use.
- 01Fill inFields marked (required) are needed; everything else helps the review.
- 02ReferenceYou get a reference on screen; the record is kept in this site’s WordPress database.
- 03ReviewThe outcome is recorded in public. Contact details stay on this site and are never published or shared.
This form opens here once it is switched on. Until then, send it through the Nexus Reports gateway.
Built to be checked
Every value will open to its indicators, sources, method version and correction log. Read the method, try the simulators, and tell us where we are wrong.
دۆخ
میتۆدۆلۆژی، پێکهاتە و پێناسەکانی Global Risks Index ڕەشنووسێکی کاریی ئامادەکارییە (2026)، کە بۆ پێداچوونەوە و ڕاوبۆچوون بڵاو کراوەتەوە نەک بۆ جێبەجێکردن. هیچ بەهایەک دەرناکەوێت تا وەشانێک لە بڕگەیەکی بەڵگەی حوکمڕانیکراوەوە بڵاو نەکرێتەوە؛ ئینجا بەهاکان مەودا، پۆل، سەرچاوە و ڕێگەی ڕاستکردنەوەیان لەگەڵدایە. سیمولەیتەرەکان ڕێبازە بڵاوکراوەکان لەسەر ئەو ژمارانە جێبەجێ دەکەن کە تۆ هەڵیاندەبژێریت و هەرگیز بەهای NXS-GRX پیشان نادەن.
NXS-GRX چی نییە
NXS-GRX زانیاریی توێژینەوە و شیکاریی مەترسییە. نە پلەبەندیی قەرز یان ESG ە و هیچ پێوەرێکی پلەبەندی بەکار ناهێنێت، نە پێوەرێکی بنەڕەتییە بۆ ئامرازە داراییەکان، نە ئاماری فەرمییە، نە ئاگادارکردنەوەی فریاکەوتن یان پۆلێنکردنی فەرمییە، و نە ئامۆژگارییە. نابێت بۆ هەڵسەنگاندنی کەسە سروشتییەکان بەکار بهێنرێت. پۆلەکانی مەترسی بەشگەلێکن لەسەر پێوەرێکی بڵاوکراو، هەرگیز ڕیزبەندیی وڵاتان یان خەڵک نین.
ئاماژەکانی Pulse و ئەگەرەکانی پێشبینی زانیارین بۆ پێداچوونەوەی دەسەڵاتە پەیوەندیدارەکان، هەرگیز ئاگادارکردنەوەی گشتی نین؛ ئاگادارکردنەوەی فەرمی تەنها لە دەسەڵاتە ڕاسپێردراوەکانەوە دێت.
دامەزراوەکان و سەرچاوەکان
The Nexus Consortium is stewarded by three independent not-for-profit institutions: The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), through GCRI US in Washington, DC and GCRI Canada in Ontario, with GCRI Canada as Lead Institution, Consortium Secretariat and lead contracting organisation; The Global Risks Forum (GRF); and The Global Risks Alliance (GRA). Technology, infrastructure and service providers work with the Consortium at arm’s length under written agreements, like every other external party in the public-private-planet model, and hold no role in its stewardship.
هەر بەهایەک ناوبردنی خاوەنی سەرچاوەکانی لەگەڵدایە، کە مۆڵەتی خۆیان دەپارێزن. ناوە دەرەکییەکان تەنیا بۆ گونجانی نێوان سیستەمەکان ئاماژەیان پێدەکرێت. ئەو دەقانەی Nexus نووسیونی بڕیارە لە کاتی بڵاوکردنەوەدا بە CC BY 4.0 بن.
Avis en français
La méthodologie et les définitions du NXS-GRX sont un projet de travail préparatoire (2026). Le NXS-GRX est une information de recherche et d’analyse des risques : ni notation, ni indice de référence financier, ni statistique officielle, ni alerte, ni conseil. Les classes de risque sont des bandes sur une échelle publiée, non des classements.