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Global Risks Index

NXS-GRX-GBR · Northern Europe · Regions

England

First-level unit, United Kingdom: people, area, the units inside and neighbours, with risk values when released.

Map All 4 first-level units
Page GRX-GBR-REdition Baseline Edition 2026Evidence close 2026-09-30ISO GBR / GBStatus UN member stateValues not yet publishedMethod v1.0.0-draft
55,843,736
people (GHSL 2025)
130,203 km²
area
84.7%
of United Kingdom
151
units inside

01نقشہ

Inside England

The 151 ADM2 units of England.

FIG 1 · 151 units inside England
Loading the map

Units rise with people per km² · GHSL 2025 raster · terrain · ADM1 ADM2Risk values when released
Lowest fifthLow fifthMiddle fifthHigh fifthHighest fifthNo data
Column height and colour show people per km² by unit, in quantile fifths among the units shown (the key on the map gives the breaks); units with no people on the grid are grey, not the lowest class; the raster beneath is the GHSL 2025 population grid. Source observations, not index values. Select a unit to drill into the units inside it; the path above the map climbs back.
02Figures

People, area and density

Source observations from open grids summed inside the boundary; not index values.

People · GHSL 2025

55,843,736

84.7% of United Kingdom.

People · WorldPop 2025

57,155,840

+2% against GHSL; the two grids differ in method.

رقبہ

130,203 km²

429 people per km².

کوڈ

GB-ENG

Subdivision code as carried by the boundary source.

Low coastal zone

5,244,436

people on land at or below 10 m, 9.4% of the unit (GEBCO 2024 and GHSL 2025).

03Units

151 units inside England

Each unit has its own page.

Boundary licences: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) · Open Government Licence v3.0.

Unit کوڈ People (GHSL) People (WorldPop) Area km² Per km² Share Coast ≤ 10 m
Barking and Dagenham – 89,448 93,580 36.93 2,422 0.2% 79,626
Barnet – 525,788 477,468 86.35 6,089 0.9% 0
Barnsley – 238,493 252,175 326.1 731 0.4% 0
Bath and North East Somerset – 173,275 189,709 347.58 499 0.3% 272
Bedford – 184,696 220,266 474.18 390 0.3% 0
Bexley – 243,408 239,116 60.21 4,043 0.4% 53,143
Birmingham – 1,089,500 1,102,098 268.16 4,063 1.9% 0
Blackburn with Darwen – 140,190 146,905 138.9 1,009 0.2% 0
Blackpool – 123,522 125,805 33.57 3,680 0.2% 43,890
Bolton – 235,902 244,075 138.23 1,707 0.4% 0
Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole – 363,956 366,834 162.11 2,245 0.6% 54,224
Bracknell Forest – 100,732 116,437 107.9 934 0.2% 0
Bradford – 569,716 565,528 367.1 1,552 1% 0
Brent – 146,831 153,613 44.02 3,336 0.3% 0
Brighton and Hove – 251,557 224,203 86.62 2,904 0.4% 10,767
Bristol, City of – 479,269 481,286 110.03 4,356 0.8% 8,520
Bromley – 344,687 324,448 149.68 2,303 0.6% 0
Buckinghamshire – 560,323 621,553 1,569.68 357 1% 0
Bury – 203,906 212,628 100.4 2,031 0.4% 0
Calderdale – 252,012 242,224 366.26 688 0.4% 0
Cambridgeshire – 690,849 748,203 3,044.59 227 1.2% 219,918
Camden – 220,690 176,090 21.2 10,410 0.4% 13,847
Central Bedfordshire – 328,278 384,409 706.74 464 0.6% 0
Cheshire East – 352,142 386,934 1,164.84 302 0.6% 0
Cheshire West and Chester – 344,624 380,253 915.23 377 0.6% 41,233
City of London – 37,530 34,290 2.5 15,012 0.1% 0
Cornwall – 473,644 506,714 3,568.54 133 0.8% 12,150
County Durham – 529,589 547,498 2,222.82 238 0.9% 741
Coventry – 305,100 282,601 99.48 3,067 0.5% 0
Croydon – 410,026 403,273 85.7 4,784 0.7% 0
Cumbria – 475,830 469,314 6,803.02 70 0.8% 22,668
Darlington – 106,215 109,164 198.08 536 0.2% 0
Derby – 241,219 252,006 78.01 3,092 0.4% 0
Derbyshire – 847,895 840,785 2,540.92 334 1.5% 0
Devon – 788,362 861,195 6,564.51 120 1.4% 40,184
Doncaster – 312,032 314,746 566.18 551 0.6% 118,772
Dorset – 373,380 364,751 2,484.7 150 0.7% 24,520
Dudley – 206,731 200,830 96.95 2,132 0.4% 0
Ealing – 421,793 397,503 54.53 7,735 0.7% 2,882
East Riding of Yorkshire – 356,330 364,117 2,398.45 149 0.6% 167,264
East Sussex – 517,881 510,447 1,718.43 301 0.9% 84,414
Enfield – 486,469 444,831 82.74 5,879 0.9% 1,378
Essex – 1,509,958 1,606,660 3,447.83 438 2.7% 142,775
Gateshead – 135,595 130,665 145.02 935 0.2% 3,173
Gloucestershire – 608,267 661,116 2,676.88 227 1.1% 22,925
Greenwich – 246,675 245,673 47.46 5,198 0.4% 60,512
Hackney – 565,643 516,801 19.77 28,611 1% 81,093
Halton – 128,643 130,387 80.01 1,608 0.2% 16,612
Hammersmith and Fulham – 183,378 160,147 17.53 10,461 0.3% 0
Hampshire – 1,306,309 1,349,330 3,665.25 356 2.3% 93,085
Haringey – 252,426 210,715 28.55 8,842 0.4% 0
Harrow – 328,019 311,027 51.61 6,356 0.6% 0
Hartlepool – 72,842 70,404 96.41 756 0.1% 14,206
Havering – 298,760 309,084 113.42 2,634 0.5% 67,743
Herefordshire, County of – 192,724 190,214 2,173.58 89 0.3% 0
Hertfordshire – 1,188,471 1,243,935 1,635.77 727 2.1% 0
Hillingdon – 317,691 320,027 115.14 2,759 0.6% 0
Hounslow – 243,194 238,667 54.91 4,429 0.4% 25,735
Isle of Wight – 112,762 111,533 379.5 297 0.2% 5,751
Isles of Scilly – 962 731 14.67 66 0% 0
Islington – 172,887 137,947 15.1 11,449 0.3% 0
Kensington and Chelsea – 252,704 210,947 11.66 21,673 0.4% 41,622
Kent – 1,495,360 1,588,732 3,532.67 423 2.7% 163,608
Kingston upon Hull, City of – 200,694 191,832 71.14 2,821 0.4% 193,921
Kingston upon Thames – 159,236 152,205 37.88 4,204 0.3% 1,281
Kirklees – 405,478 385,545 403.9 1,004 0.7% 0
Knowsley – 104,141 107,252 85.96 1,212 0.2% 2,484
Lambeth – 491,755 449,293 26.61 18,480 0.9% 143,135
Lancashire – 1,264,823 1,333,122 2,886.35 438 2.2% 216,131
Leeds – 839,608 889,131 548.63 1,530 1.5% 861
Leicester – 327,749 343,922 73.34 4,469 0.6% 0
Leicestershire – 745,098 803,707 2,079.52 358 1.3% 62
Lewisham – 336,449 339,830 34.24 9,826 0.6% 94,991
Lincolnshire – 737,233 772,035 5,927.87 124 1.3% 351,177
Liverpool – 419,863 425,031 112.69 3,726 0.7% 6,489
Luton – 151,405 167,920 43.92 3,447 0.3% 0
Manchester – 598,947 604,479 111.51 5,371 1.1% 0
Medway – 230,626 247,393 190.19 1,213 0.4% 55,336
Merton – 102,650 89,644 37.24 2,756 0.2% 0
Middlesbrough – 134,676 138,963 52.71 2,555 0.2% 36,628
Milton Keynes – 255,264 300,343 308.32 828 0.5% 0
Newcastle upon Tyne – 341,304 351,141 114.21 2,988 0.6% 28,522
Newham – 388,539 382,050 36.34 10,692 0.7% 299,215
Norfolk – 874,172 919,651 5,351.57 163 1.5% 193,266
North East Lincolnshire – 147,475 143,433 189.76 777 0.3% 73,376
North Lincolnshire – 177,426 173,897 848.16 209 0.3% 67,383
North Somerset – 209,844 222,134 373.43 562 0.4% 92,541
North Tyneside – 178,613 183,076 82.83 2,156 0.3% 1,833
North Yorkshire – 647,736 659,611 8,023.62 81 1.1% 67,337
Northamptonshire – 706,720 815,625 2,358.46 300 1.3% 0
Northumberland – 336,680 337,490 5,014.22 67 0.6% 31,098
Nottingham – 334,328 330,278 75.62 4,421 0.6% 0
Nottinghamshire – 905,035 914,109 2,081.27 435 1.6% 18,442
Oldham – 245,649 263,854 143.51 1,712 0.4% 0
Oxfordshire – 754,092 836,977 2,598.87 290 1.3% 0
Peterborough – 213,034 224,738 340.97 625 0.4% 83,902
Plymouth – 215,703 220,157 82.18 2,625 0.4% 24,668
Portsmouth – 99,400 99,400 38.61 2,574 0.2% 85,757
Reading – 115,113 130,755 41.2 2,794 0.2% 0
Redbridge – 493,243 464,869 56.57 8,719 0.9% 30,023
Redcar and Cleveland – 115,186 117,347 247.74 465 0.2% 15,439
Richmond upon Thames – 467,200 425,175 58.97 7,923 0.8% 227,342
Rochdale – 208,788 210,347 155.69 1,341 0.4% 0
Rotherham – 301,465 306,745 288.18 1,046 0.5% 261
Rutland – 56,855 60,279 390.83 145 0.1% 0
Salford – 291,981 317,939 97.63 2,991 0.5% 0
Sandwell – 376,526 397,636 84.95 4,432 0.7% 0
Sefton – 300,062 292,380 153.04 1,961 0.5% 68,234
Sheffield – 544,786 527,280 365.48 1,491 1% 0
Shropshire – 337,965 349,761 3,177.67 106 0.6% 0
Slough – 146,705 158,866 32.1 4,570 0.3% 0
Solihull – 238,353 240,388 176.95 1,347 0.4% 0
Somerset – 565,012 612,438 3,452.03 164 1% 96,750
South Gloucestershire – 282,225 294,679 498.36 566 0.5% 14,910
South Tyneside – 177,034 172,845 62.51 2,832 0.3% 23,190
Southampton – 194,391 181,428 51.34 3,786 0.3% 54,239
Southend-on-Sea – 30,255 28,919 44.52 680 0.1% 21,238
Southwark – 411,980 376,406 30.15 13,664 0.7% 143,231
St. Helens – 211,949 220,744 135.48 1,564 0.4% 0
Staffordshire – 986,506 980,965 2,619.58 377 1.7% 0
Stockport – 360,900 373,036 125.11 2,885 0.6% 0
Stockton-on-Tees – 198,645 198,836 206.45 962 0.4% 35,111
Stoke-on-Trent – 248,110 248,752 92.76 2,675 0.4% 0
Suffolk – 686,554 689,094 3,810.22 180 1.2% 71,531
Sunderland – 275,668 269,558 135.99 2,027 0.5% 3,619
Surrey – 1,264,878 1,314,548 1,662.33 761 2.2% 9,717
Sutton – 231,554 232,966 44.33 5,223 0.4% 0
Swindon – 223,092 251,260 227.04 983 0.4% 0
Tameside – 150,318 157,263 101.8 1,477 0.3% 0
Telford and Wrekin – 167,530 190,871 290.85 576 0.3% 0
Thurrock – 165,923 189,723 160.53 1,034 0.3% 64,854
Torbay – 121,072 129,389 65.26 1,855 0.2% 5,856
Tower Hamlets – 220,690 264,375 19.61 11,254 0.4% 131,549
Trafford – 249,853 252,494 107.63 2,321 0.4% 0
Wakefield – 286,115 299,893 336.08 851 0.5% 0
Walsall – 296,091 301,225 103.69 2,856 0.5% 0
Waltham Forest – 286,723 274,064 39.12 7,329 0.5% 83,028
Wandsworth – 455,058 395,806 34.51 13,186 0.8% 121,228
Warrington – 197,356 208,629 178.01 1,109 0.3% 15,324
Warwickshire – 705,835 749,107 1,968.02 359 1.3% 0
West Berkshire – 179,000 180,469 699.1 256 0.3% 0
West Sussex – 784,801 850,631 1,991.04 394 1.4% 196,861
Westminster – 264,375 201,634 22.86 11,565 0.5% 0
Wigan – 330,107 328,037 187.67 1,759 0.6% 0
Wiltshire – 496,391 536,233 3,248.55 153 0.9% 0
Windsor and Maidenhead – 161,883 165,863 196.79 823 0.3% 0
Wirral – 255,903 250,953 155.68 1,644 0.5% 32,619
Wokingham – 168,838 187,755 178.56 946 0.3% 0
Wolverhampton – 245,197 251,111 69.24 3,541 0.4% 0
Worcestershire – 638,959 683,530 1,737.87 368 1.1% 0
York – 205,848 204,123 274.56 750 0.4% 17,168
04زد

Open exposure layers

Count of H3 resolution-3 cells whose centre falls in the unit and that carry each Natural Earth layer.

Urban areas
15,317 H3 cells
بندرگاہیں
13 H3 cells
Airports
7 H3 cells
Major roads
9,432.4 H3 cells
Railways
7,064 H3 cells
Rivers and lakes
604.9 H3 cells
05خطرہ

Risk values

Values when released. Subnational risk values for England publish with the edition from The Global Risks Index. Until then, run a scenario on open data for United Kingdom.
Run a scenario Hazards Domain indices
06Neighbours

Neighbouring units

07ماخذات

Sources, credits and licences

ADM1 boundaries
geoBoundaries (William & Mary geoLab), gbOpen GBR ADM1, source: Eurostat- European Commission, licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) · source · represents 2021
ADM2 boundaries
geoBoundaries (William & Mary geoLab), gbOpen GBR ADM2, source: Office for National Statistics Open Geography Portal, licence: Open Government Licence v3.0 · source · represents 2019
ADM3 boundaries
geoBoundaries (William & Mary geoLab), gbOpen GBR ADM3, source: Office for National Statistics, licence: Open Government Licence v3.0 · source · represents 2020
Basemap
OpenFreeMap © OpenMapTiles (CC BY 4.0) · data © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL 1.0). Vector tiles requested by the reader’s browser, unmodified; the map falls back to plain land and sea when the host does not answer.
Terrain
Terrain Tiles (Mapzen, AWS Open Data), compiled from SRTM and other public elevation sources (NASA, USGS, ETOPO1, GMTED, EU-DEM under the Copernicus programme, Geoscience Australia, Kartverket, INEGI, LINZ, data.gov.uk). Display relief, not survey data.
People
GHSL 2025 population grid, European Commission Joint Research Centre (CC BY 4.0), shown at 0.05° and summed per unit; WorldPop 2025 (CC BY 4.0) as a second estimate. Units smaller than a grid cell take the density of the cell under them.
ممالک
Natural Earth (public domain).
Elevation
GEBCO Compilation Group (2024) GEBCO 2024 Grid (public domain), reduced to 0.05°: the share of each cell’s land at or below 10 m, weighted by GHSL 2025 people for the low coastal zone.
Position
Boundaries are shown for location only and take no position on any boundary, name or status.

حیثیت

The methodology, structure and definitions of The Global Risks Index are a preparatory working draft (2026), circulated for review and comment and not for implementation. No value appears until an edition is released from a governed evidence cut; values then carry intervals, classes, sources and their correction pathway. Simulators run the published methods on numbers you choose and never show a NXS-GRX value.

A country profile reads public evidence about a place. It is not a statement by or about the policy of any government, takes no position on the status of any territory, and does not imply a national programme or participation. Names follow UN M49.

What NXS-GRX is not

NXS-GRX is research and risk-analytics information. It is not a credit or ESG rating and uses no rating scale, not a benchmark for financial instruments, not official statistics, not an emergency warning or official classification, and not advice. It must not be used to evaluate natural persons. Risk classes are bands on a published scale, never rankings of countries or people.

Pulse signals and outlook probabilities are information for review by competent authorities, never public warnings; official warnings come only from mandated authorities.

Institutions and sources

The Nexus Consortium is stewarded by three independent not-for-profit institutions: The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), through GCRI US in Washington, DC and GCRI Canada in Ontario, with GCRI Canada as Lead Institution, Consortium Secretariat and lead contracting organisation; The Global Risks Forum (GRF); and The Global Risks Alliance (GRA). Technology, infrastructure and service providers work with the Consortium at arm’s length under written agreements, like every other external party in the public-private-planet model, and hold no role in its stewardship.

Every value carries the attribution of its sources, which keep their own licences. External names are cited for interoperability only. Nexus-authored text is intended for CC BY 4.0 on release.

Avis en français

La méthodologie et les définitions du NXS-GRX sont un projet de travail préparatoire (2026). Le NXS-GRX est une information de recherche et d’analyse des risques : ni notation, ni indice de référence financier, ni statistique officielle, ni alerte, ni conseil. Les classes de risque sont des bandes sur une échelle publiée, non des classements.