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Global Risks Index

The Global Risks Index · SR-09 · Strategic systems series

Planetary boundaries

Earth-system boundaries and tipping elements as slow-onset, high-impact risk.

Construction Indicators Pathways
Page GRX-SER-SR-09Edition Baseline Edition 2026Evidence close 2026-09-30Subject Nexus ReportsNexus Reports SR-09 (planned)Values not yet publishedMethod v1.0.0-draft
FIG 1 · Series at a glance
Domain indices

5

Climate physical hazard · Climate transition exposure · Environmental pressure · Water security risk.

Indicators

114

4 index domains

Hazard families

16

Planetary boundaries and Earth-system tipping · Land and ecosystems · Ice and snow.

Methods

61

Climate, nature and biodiversity · Hazard science

Counts from the indicator, hazard and model registries.
5
domain indices
114
indicators in scope
3
hazard domains
4
client groups

01Scope

Scope and questions

The subject is the one named by the Nexus Reports programme for this code.

  1. Which boundaries are transgressed and how far?
  2. Which tipping elements matter most for which countries?
  3. How do boundary transgressions translate into country risk?
02Construction

Domain indices to the series index

The series index is the expert-weighted geometric mean of its domain indices, with the intervals and class rule of the methodology.

computation

How the Planetary boundaries index is built

Graph9 nodes
Graph
01Domain indices
02Series index
03Readings

100%
List
  1. Climate physical hazard

    Domain index · IDX · CLI
    0–10 index of physical climate hazard combining chronic change, observed extremes and projected change (projection sub-index taken at SSP2-4.5, 2041–2060 by default, with other scenarios as alternative runs).
  2. Climate transition exposure

    Domain index · IDX · CLI
    0–10 index of an economy’s exposure to a low-carbon transition, combining transition exposure (fossil rents, fuel exports, subsidies) and emissions intensity (per capita and per unit of GDP).
  3. Environmental pressure

    Domain index · IDX · ENV
    0–10 index of environmental pressure and ecosystem condition combining air pollution, land and forest degradation, biodiversity status, ocean condition and waste pressure.
  4. Water security risk

    Domain index · IDX · WAT
    0–10 index of water security risk combining scarcity and stress, WASH access, water quality and transboundary dependence; geometric so that good access does not offset severe scarcity.
  5. Food insecurity risk

    Domain index · IDX · FOO
    Weighted aggregation, on 0 to 10, of acute and chronic food insecurity, food price stress, supply fragility and agricultural dependence.
  6. Planetary boundaries index

    Series index · SERIES · SR-09
    Earth-system boundaries and tipping elements as slow-onset, high-impact risk.
  7. Country readings

    Output · OUTPUT · 195 profiles
    Published with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
  8. Regional readings

    Output · OUTPUT · 5 regions
    Published with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
  9. Global reading

    Output · OUTPUT · population or exposure weighted
    Published with intervals and classes when the edition is released.
Not runIn progressDone
FIG 2. Select a domain index to open its full construction; Simulate run plays the computation. Schematic of the construction; source: Indicator Standard composite definitions.
03Indices

Domain indices in this series

The Global Risks Index · SR-09 · 195 profiles · 0–10 scale
Planetary boundaries index, world
–
Values publish with the edition; the interval, class and change appear here.
குறியீட்டெண் மதிப்பு மாற்றம் Change % 90% interval Class · probability Trend Range
Climate physical hazardNXS-GRX · CLI – – – – –
Climate transition exposureNXS-GRX · CLI – – – – –
Environmental pressureNXS-GRX · ENV – – – – –
Water security riskNXS-GRX · WAT – – – – –
Food insecurity riskNXS-GRX · FOO – – – – –

Domains read: Environment and biodiversity, Climate, Water, Food systems.

04Indicators

114 indicators in scope

Every indicator whose primary or secondary domain is in scope, with unit, levels and crosswalks to source code lists.

FIG 3 · Indicators in scope, by domain and sub-domain
CLI · 31FOO · 23ENV · 22WAT · 13
Area is the number of indicator definitions; colour is the pillar the domain feeds (Macroeconomy and Space feed through their indices). Select a block to filter the table. Source: Indicator Standard Nexus Indicator Standard register.
Indicator Domain Sub-domain Component Unit Levels Crosswalks
Food price inflationIND.MAC.prices.food_inflation MAC Prices and inflation vulnerability % COUNTRY FAO_FAOSTAT CP
Bank exposure to carbon-intensive sectorsIND.FIN.climate_finance.carbon_intensive_exposure FIN Climate-related financial exposure exposure % COUNTRY
Bank lending exposed to high physical climate riskIND.FIN.climate_finance.physical_risk_lending FIN Climate-related financial exposure exposure % COUNTRY
Natural-resource rents, share of GDPIND.ECO.concentration.natural_resource_rents.gdp ECO Export and import concentration vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI NY.GDP.TOTL.RT.ZS
Food imports, share of merchandise importsIND.ECO.concentration.food_import_share ECO Export and import concentration vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI TM.VAL.FOOD.ZS.UN
Surface warming since pre-industrialIND.CLI.physical_chronic.warming_since_preindustrial CLI Chronic physical change hazard K GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID FAO_FAOSTAT ET
Change in annual precipitationIND.CLI.physical_chronic.precipitation_change CLI Chronic physical change hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Relative sea-level rise rateIND.CLI.physical_chronic.relative_sea_level_trend CLI Chronic physical change hazard mm/a COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE UNDRR_HIPS_2025 EN0402
Hottest day of the year (TXx)IND.CLI.physical_acute.txx CLI Acute climate extremes hazard Cel COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID
Share of warm days (TX90p)IND.CLI.physical_acute.tx90p CLI Acute climate extremes hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Change in very hot days (35 °C or more)IND.CLI.physical_acute.hot_days_change CLI Acute climate extremes hazard d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID
Warm spell duration (WSDI)IND.CLI.physical_acute.warm_spell_duration CLI Acute climate extremes hazard d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Wettest day of the year (Rx1day)IND.CLI.physical_acute.rx1day CLI Acute climate extremes hazard mm COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID
Wettest five days of the year (Rx5day)IND.CLI.physical_acute.rx5day CLI Acute climate extremes hazard mm COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Precipitation from very wet days (R95pTOT)IND.CLI.physical_acute.very_wet_day_share CLI Acute climate extremes hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Longest dry spell (CDD)IND.CLI.physical_acute.consecutive_dry_days CLI Acute climate extremes hazard d COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Assets vulnerable to climate-related physical risks, shareIND.CLI.physical_acute.physical_risk_vulnerable_assets.share CLI Acute climate extremes exposure % SITE, PORTFOLIO IFRS_S2 29(c)
Projected warming since pre-industrialIND.CLI.projection.projected_warming CLI Scenario projections hazard K GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Projected change in hottest-day temperatureIND.CLI.projection.projected_txx_change CLI Scenario projections hazard K COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Projected change in wettest five-day precipitationIND.CLI.projection.projected_rx5day_change CLI Scenario projections hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Projected relative sea-level riseIND.CLI.projection.projected_sea_level_rise CLI Scenario projections hazard m COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, SITE
Population below the future 100-year coastal flood level, shareIND.CLI.projection.slr_coastal_population_exposed.share CLI Scenario projections exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY WB_WDI EN.POP.EL5M.ZS
Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCFIND.CLI.emissions.ghg_total CLI Emissions exposure Mt/a COUNTRY WB_WDI EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5 SDG 13.2.2
Greenhouse gas emissions per capitaIND.CLI.emissions.ghg_per_capita CLI Emissions exposure t/a/{person} COUNTRY WB_WDI EN.GHG.ALL.PC.CE.AR5 EPI GHP
Carbon intensity of GDPIND.CLI.emissions.carbon_intensity_gdp CLI Emissions exposure kg/[USD] COUNTRY WB_WDI EN.GHG.CO2.RT.GDP.KD SDG 9.4.1
Financed emissions of a portfolioIND.CLI.emissions.financed_emissions CLI Emissions exposure Mt/a PORTFOLIO IFRS_S2 29(a)(vi)
Fossil-fuel rents, share of GDPIND.CLI.transition.fossil_fuel_rents.gdp CLI Transition exposure exposure % COUNTRY WB_WDI NY.GDP.PETR.RT.ZS WB_WDI NY.GDP.NGAS.RT.ZS WB_WDI NY.GDP.COAL.RT.ZS
Fuel exports, share of merchandise exportsIND.CLI.transition.fossil_fuel_exports.share CLI Transition exposure exposure % COUNTRY WB_WDI TX.VAL.FUEL.ZS.UN
Explicit fossil-fuel subsidies, share of GDPIND.CLI.transition.fossil_fuel_subsidies.gdp CLI Transition exposure exposure % COUNTRY
Assets vulnerable to climate-related transition risks, shareIND.CLI.transition.transition_risk_vulnerable_assets.share CLI Transition exposure exposure % PORTFOLIO IFRS_S2 29(b)
NDC 2030 economy-wide emissions targetIND.CLI.transition.ndc_target_ambition CLI Transition exposure response % COUNTRY SDG 13.2.1
National adaptation plan submittedIND.CLI.adaptation.nap_submitted CLI Adaptation readiness adaptive capacity {bool} COUNTRY SDG 13.2.1
Economic readiness for adaptation investmentIND.CLI.adaptation.economic_readiness CLI Adaptation readiness adaptive capacity {score} COUNTRY ND_GAIN economic
Governance readiness for adaptationIND.CLI.adaptation.governance_readiness CLI Adaptation readiness adaptive capacity {score} COUNTRY ND_GAIN governance
Social readiness for adaptationIND.CLI.adaptation.social_readiness CLI Adaptation readiness adaptive capacity {score} COUNTRY ND_GAIN social
International adaptation finance received per capitaIND.CLI.adaptation.adaptation_finance_received.pc CLI Adaptation readiness adaptive capacity [USD] COUNTRY
Population below 5 m elevation, shareIND.HAZ.coastal.low_elevation_population.share HAZ Coastal and sea level exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY WB_WDI EN.POP.EL5M.ZS
Frequency of severe meteorological droughtIND.HAZ.drought.spei_drought_frequency HAZ Drought hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0401 INFORM HA.NAT.DR
Frequency of agricultural drought stressIND.HAZ.drought.agricultural_stress_frequency HAZ Drought hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID INFORM ASI
Days of dangerous humid heat per yearIND.HAZ.heat.dangerous_heat_days HAZ Extreme heat hazard d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0501
Extreme fire-weather days per yearIND.HAZ.wildfire.extreme_fire_weather_days HAZ Wildfire hazard d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Annual burned area, share of land areaIND.HAZ.wildfire.burned_area.share HAZ Wildfire hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID UNDRR_HIPS_2025 EN0205 EMDAT nat-cli-wil-wil
PM2.5 exposure, population-weighted meanIND.ENV.air.pm25_exposure ENV Air quality hazard ug/m3 COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID WB_WDI EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3 SDG 11.6.2 EPI PMD
Population exposed above the WHO PM2.5 guideline, shareIND.ENV.air.pm25_guideline_exceedance.share ENV Air quality exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY WB_WDI EN.ATM.PM25.MC.ZS
Seasonal peak ozone exposureIND.ENV.air.ozone_exposure ENV Air quality hazard [ppb] COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID
Land areaIND.ENV.land.land_area ENV Land and forests context km2 COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY WB_WDI AG.LND.TOTL.K2
Forest area, share of land areaIND.ENV.land.forest_cover.share ENV Land and forests vulnerability % COUNTRY, ADM1 SDG 15.1.1 WB_WDI AG.LND.FRST.ZS
Annual tree cover loss rateIND.ENV.land.tree_cover_loss.share ENV Land and forests hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRID EPI TCL
Degraded land, share of land areaIND.ENV.land.land_degradation.share ENV Land and forests hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID SDG 15.3.1
Road densityIND.ENV.land.road_density ENV Land and forests hazard km/km2 COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
Red List IndexIND.ENV.biodiversity.red_list_index ENV Biodiversity vulnerability 1 GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRY SDG 15.5.1
Biodiversity Intactness IndexIND.ENV.biodiversity.biodiversity_intactness ENV Biodiversity vulnerability 1 COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Terrestrial protected areas, share of land areaIND.ENV.biodiversity.terrestrial_protected.share ENV Biodiversity response % COUNTRY, ADM1 WB_WDI ER.LND.PTLD.ZS
Key biodiversity areas covered by protected areasIND.ENV.biodiversity.key_biodiversity_area_protected.share ENV Biodiversity response % COUNTRY, REGION SDG 15.1.2
Marine protected areas, share of territorial watersIND.ENV.ocean.marine_protected.share ENV Ocean response % COUNTRY WB_WDI ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS SDG 14.5.1
Coastal eutrophication indexIND.ENV.ocean.coastal_eutrophication ENV Ocean hazard % COUNTRY, REGION SDG 14.1.1
Average marine acidity (pH)IND.ENV.ocean.ocean_acidity ENV Ocean hazard [pH] COUNTRY, REGION, SITE SDG 14.3.1
Fish stocks within biologically sustainable levelsIND.ENV.ocean.sustainable_fish_stocks.share ENV Ocean vulnerability % GLOBAL, REGION, COUNTRY SDG 14.4.1
Marine heatwave days per yearIND.ENV.ocean.marine_heatwave_days ENV Ocean hazard d/a COUNTRY, REGION, GRID UNDRR_HIPS_2025 MH0708
Municipal solid waste generated per capitaIND.ENV.pollution.msw_generation.pc ENV Pollution and waste hazard kg/a/{person} COUNTRY, CITY
Municipal solid waste managed in controlled facilitiesIND.ENV.pollution.msw_controlled_management.share ENV Pollution and waste coping capacity % COUNTRY, CITY SDG 11.6.1 EPI MSW
Mismanaged plastic waste per capitaIND.ENV.pollution.mismanaged_plastic_waste.pc ENV Pollution and waste hazard kg/a/{person} COUNTRY, ADM1
GDP in sectors highly dependent on nature, shareIND.ENV.nature_dependence.nature_dependent_gdp.share ENV Nature dependence exposure % COUNTRY, PORTFOLIO
Crop production value dependent on animal pollination, shareIND.ENV.nature_dependence.pollinator_dependent_crops.share ENV Nature dependence exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1
Level of water stressIND.WAT.stress.water_stress WAT Water stress hazard % COUNTRY, ADM1 SDG 6.4.2 WB_WDI ER.H2O.FWST.ZS
Baseline water stress score (sub-basin)IND.WAT.stress.baseline_water_stress WAT Water stress hazard {score} COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID, SITE, PORTFOLIO
Total renewable freshwater resources per capitaIND.WAT.stress.renewable_water.pc WAT Water stress hazard m3/a/{person} COUNTRY WB_WDI ER.H2O.INTR.PC
Groundwater storage declineIND.WAT.stress.groundwater_depletion WAT Water stress hazard mm/a COUNTRY, ADM1, GRID
Water-use efficiencyIND.WAT.stress.water_use_efficiency WAT Water stress adaptive capacity [USD]/m3 COUNTRY SDG 6.4.1 WB_WDI ER.GDP.FWTL.M3.KD
Population using safely managed drinking waterIND.WAT.access.safely_managed_drinking_water.share WAT Drinking water and sanitation vulnerability % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY SDG 6.1.1 WB_WDI SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS EPI UWD
Population using at least basic drinking waterIND.WAT.access.basic_drinking_water.share WAT Drinking water and sanitation vulnerability % COUNTRY, ADM1 WB_WDI SH.H2O.BASW.ZS
Population using safely managed sanitationIND.WAT.access.safely_managed_sanitation.share WAT Drinking water and sanitation vulnerability % COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY WB_WDI SH.STA.SMSS.ZS SDG 6.2.1 EPI USD
Population with basic hand-washing facilitiesIND.WAT.access.basic_handwashing.share WAT Drinking water and sanitation vulnerability % COUNTRY, ADM1 WB_WDI SH.STA.HYGN.ZS SDG 6.2.1
Water bodies with good ambient water qualityIND.WAT.quality.good_ambient_water_quality.share WAT Water quality vulnerability % COUNTRY, ADM1 SDG 6.3.2
Wastewater flows safely treatedIND.WAT.quality.wastewater_safely_treated.share WAT Water quality coping capacity % COUNTRY, CITY SDG 6.3.1 EPI WWT
Dependency ratio on external renewable waterIND.WAT.dependence.external_water_dependency WAT Transboundary dependence exposure % COUNTRY
Transboundary basin area with operational cooperationIND.WAT.dependence.transboundary_cooperation.share WAT Transboundary dependence coping capacity % COUNTRY SDG 6.5.2
Malaria incidenceIND.HLT.burden.malaria_incidence HLT Disease burden and mortality hazard /10*3 COUNTRY WB_WDI SH.MLR.INCD.P3 SDG 3.3.3 WHO_GHO SDGMALARIA
Reported cholera cases, per 100,000 populationIND.HLT.epidemic.cholera_cases.p100k HLT Epidemic and outbreak hazard /10*5 COUNTRY WHO_GHO CHOLERA_0000000001
Stunting among children under fiveIND.HLT.nutrition.stunting HLT Nutrition vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI SH.STA.STNT.ME.ZS SDG 2.2.1 WHO_GHO NUTSTUNTINGPREV FAO_FAOSTAT 21025
Wasting among children under fiveIND.HLT.nutrition.wasting HLT Nutrition vulnerability % COUNTRY, ADM1 WB_WDI SH.STA.WAST.ZS SDG 2.2.2 WHO_GHO NUTRITION_WH_2 FAO_FAOSTAT 21026
Anaemia among women of reproductive ageIND.HLT.nutrition.anaemia_women HLT Nutrition vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI SH.ANM.ALLW.ZS WHO_GHO NUTRITION_ANAEMIA_REPRODUCTIVEAGE_PREV SDG 2.2.3 FAO_FAOSTAT 21043
Prevalence of undernourishmentIND.FOO.availability.undernourishment FOO Availability vulnerability % COUNTRY FAO_FAOSTAT 210041 SDG 2.1.1 WB_WDI SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS
Number of people undernourishedIND.FOO.availability.people_undernourished FOO Availability vulnerability {persons} COUNTRY FAO_FAOSTAT 210011
Average dietary energy supply adequacyIND.FOO.availability.dietary_energy_adequacy FOO Availability vulnerability % COUNTRY FAO_FAOSTAT 21010
Per capita food supply variabilityIND.FOO.availability.food_supply_variability FOO Availability vulnerability kcal/d/{person} COUNTRY FAO_FAOSTAT 21031
Cereal import dependency ratioIND.FOO.availability.cereal_import_dependency FOO Availability vulnerability % COUNTRY FAO_FAOSTAT 21035
Moderate or severe food insecurity (FIES)IND.FOO.access.fies_moderate_severe FOO Access and affordability vulnerability % COUNTRY FAO_FAOSTAT 210091 SDG 2.1.2 WB_WDI SN.ITK.MSFI.ZS
Severe food insecurity (FIES)IND.FOO.access.fies_severe FOO Access and affordability vulnerability % COUNTRY FAO_FAOSTAT 210401 SDG 2.1.2 WB_WDI SN.ITK.SVFI.ZS
Cost of a healthy dietIND.FOO.access.healthy_diet_cost FOO Access and affordability vulnerability [USD] COUNTRY WB_WDI CoHD_PPP
Population unable to afford a healthy dietIND.FOO.access.healthy_diet_unaffordable FOO Access and affordability vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI CoHD_headcount
Population in IPC Phase 3 or aboveIND.FOO.acute.ipc_phase3plus_population FOO Acute food insecurity impact {persons} COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2 IPC Phase 3+
Share of analysed population in IPC Phase 3 or aboveIND.FOO.acute.ipc_phase3plus_share FOO Acute food insecurity impact % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2 IPC Phase 3+
IPC Phase 3 or above, share of total populationIND.FOO.acute.ipc_phase3plus_population_share_total FOO Acute food insecurity impact % COUNTRY
Presence of population in IPC Phase 5IND.FOO.acute.ipc_phase5_presence FOO Acute food insecurity impact {bool} COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2 IPC Phase 5
Indicator of food price anomalies (food CPI)IND.FOO.prices.food_price_anomaly FOO Food prices hazard 1 COUNTRY SDG 2.c.1
Months with abnormally high food pricesIND.FOO.prices.abnormal_price_months FOO Food prices hazard % COUNTRY
Food import bill, share of merchandise exportsIND.FOO.prices.food_import_bill_to_exports FOO Food prices vulnerability % COUNTRY FAO_FAOSTAT 21033
Agriculture, forestry and fishing value added, share of GDPIND.FOO.agriculture.agri_value_added.gdp FOO Agricultural production and dependence vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS
Employment in agriculture, share of total employmentIND.FOO.agriculture.agri_employment_share FOO Agricultural production and dependence vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS
Cereal yieldIND.FOO.agriculture.cereal_yield FOO Agricultural production and dependence vulnerability kg/har COUNTRY WB_WDI AG.YLD.CREL.KG
Cereal yield variability (15-year)IND.FOO.agriculture.cereal_yield_variability FOO Agricultural production and dependence vulnerability % COUNTRY
Agricultural water withdrawal, share of totalIND.FOO.agriculture.agri_water_withdrawal FOO Agricultural production and dependence vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI ER.H2O.FWAG.ZS
Cropland, share of land areaIND.FOO.agriculture.cropland.share FOO Agricultural production and dependence exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRID WB_WDI AG.LND.ARBL.ZS
Vegetation Health Index on croplandIND.FOO.agriculture.vegetation_health_index FOO Agricultural production and dependence hazard {score} COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, GRID
Casualties from landmines and explosive remnants of warIND.CON.civilian.explosive_ordnance_casualties CON Civilian harm impact {persons} COUNTRY
Renewable share of total final energy consumptionIND.ENE.mix.renewable_share_tfec ENE Energy mix adaptive capacity % COUNTRY SDG 7.2.1 WB_WDI EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS
Primary energy intensity of GDPIND.ENE.mix.energy_intensity ENE Energy mix vulnerability MJ/[USD] COUNTRY SDG 7.3.1 WB_WDI EG.EGY.PRIM.PP.KD
Fossil share of electricity generationIND.ENE.mix.fossil_electricity_share ENE Energy mix vulnerability % COUNTRY WB_WDI EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS
Installed renewable generating capacity per capitaIND.ENE.mix.renewable_capacity.pc ENE Energy mix adaptive capacity W/{person} COUNTRY SDG 7.b.1
Water-dependent electricity generation, shareIND.ENE.mix.water_dependent_generation.share ENE Energy mix vulnerability % COUNTRY, ADM1
Heating and cooling degree daysIND.ENE.reliability.thermal_demand_degree_days ENE Reliability hazard K.d/a COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY, GRID
Water supply network resilienceIND.INF.utilities.water_network_resilience INF Utilities coping capacity {score} COUNTRY, ADM1, CITY ISO_37123 ISO 37123:2019
Water supply assets in high-hazard zones, shareIND.INF.utilities.water_assets_exposed.share INF Utilities exposure % COUNTRY, ADM1, ADM2, CITY, GRID
05அபாயங்கள்

Hazard families this series reads

families, each crosswalked to the UNDRR–ISC Hazard Information Profiles (2025) where a profile exists.

FIG 4 · Hazard families this series reads
Iceநிலம்Planetary115HAZARDS
3 hazard domains (inner ring) and 16 families (outer ring), sized by hazard count. Select a segment to filter the table below. Source: Hazard Standard Nexus Hazard Standard.
Family Domain அபாயங்கள் Count
Planetary boundary transgressions கிரக எல்லைகள் மற்றும் புவி-அமைப்பு முனைப்புள்ளிகள் Climate-forcing boundary transgression, Global temperature overshoot, Global warming acceleration, Atmospheric methane surge, Extinction-rate boundary transgression, Biosphere functional integrity loss, Land-system change boundary transgression, Blue-water flow disturbance … 14
Ice tipping elements கிரக எல்லைகள் மற்றும் புவி-அமைப்பு முனைப்புள்ளிகள் Greenland ice sheet tipping, West Antarctic ice sheet collapse, East Antarctic subglacial basin retreat, Arctic winter sea-ice collapse, Antarctic sea-ice regime shift, Regional glacier extinction 6
Ocean circulation and marine tipping கிரக எல்லைகள் மற்றும் புவி-அமைப்பு முனைப்புள்ளிகள் Atlantic overturning weakening, Atlantic overturning collapse, Subpolar gyre convection collapse, Antarctic overturning slowdown, Arctic Ocean atlantification, Warm-water coral reef die-off, Marine methane hydrate destabilisation 7
Biome tipping elements கிரக எல்லைகள் மற்றும் புவி-அமைப்பு முனைப்புள்ளிகள் Amazon rainforest dieback, Boreal forest southern dieback, Boreal forest northern advance, Tropical forest carbon-sink reversal, Sahel vegetation regime shift 5
Carbon-cycle feedbacks கிரக எல்லைகள் மற்றும் புவி-அமைப்பு முனைப்புள்ளிகள் Permafrost carbon release, Abrupt permafrost thaw emission, Subsea permafrost greenhouse gas release, Wetland methane feedback, Land carbon sink weakening, Ocean carbon sink weakening, Soil carbon respiration feedback 7
Atmospheric circulation and monsoon tipping கிரக எல்லைகள் மற்றும் புவி-அமைப்பு முனைப்புள்ளிகள் South Asian monsoon regime shift, West African monsoon regime shift, South American monsoon weakening, East Asian monsoon regime shift, Tropical belt widening, Tropical Pacific regime change, Jet-stream regime change, Marine stratocumulus deck breakup … 9
Deep-time and cosmic catastrophes கிரக எல்லைகள் மற்றும் புவி-அமைப்பு முனைப்புள்ளிகள் Supereruption, Large-magnitude explosive eruption, Flood-basalt eruption episode, Impact winter, Comet shower, Solar superflare, Gamma-ray burst, Nearby supernova … 10
Vegetation and peat fire Land and ecosystems Extreme fire weather, Wildfire, Wildland-urban interface fire, Peat and underground fire, Fire regime shift 5
Forest and woodland stress Land and ecosystems Deforestation, Forest dieback, Large forest disturbance, Forest pest invasion, Native forest insect outbreak 5
Land and wetland degradation Land and ecosystems Land degradation, Desertification, Soil quality decline, Soil salinisation and sodicity, Wetland loss, Mangrove loss, Peatland drainage and degradation, Soil sealing … 9
Biodiversity and species stress Land and ecosystems Biodiversity loss, Coral bleaching, Pollinator decline, Fishery collapse, Mass wildlife mortality, Human-wildlife conflict, Wildlife disease panzootic, Insect decline … 12
Climate-state shifts Land and ecosystems Abrupt climate-system shift, Volcanic cooling 2
Ecosystem regime shifts Land and ecosystems Kelp forest collapse, Seagrass meadow loss, Lake clear-to-turbid shift, Woody plant encroachment, Coastal habitat squeeze, Food-web collapse 6
Snowpack hazards Ice and snow Snow avalanche, Snow drought, Rain-on-snow event 3
Glacier, ice-sheet and permafrost change Ice and snow Glacial lake outburst flood, Glacier or ice-mass collapse, Glacier mass loss, Ice-sheet mass loss, Permafrost thaw, Ice-shelf disintegration, Subglacial outburst flood, Glacier surge … 10
Floating ice Ice and snow Sea ice, Iceberg and ice-floe drift, Sea-ice loss, Lake and river ice loss, Shoreline ice shove 5
06பாதைகள்

How this risk can move to 2100

FIG 5 · Explorer: a pathway fan chart to 2100
4
0.35
0.45
10
1
–
runs in your browser

Explorer: 2,000 paths from your drift, volatility and shock settings, shown as a fan chart (50% and 90% bands, median line) against the class bounds. Pathways editions project each domain under named scenario families; this explainer uses no scenario data.
07Methods

Method libraries

Each method has a reference implementation or declares the specialist model, data or adapter it still needs; none is promoted beyond its evidence.

24 methods

Climate, nature and biodiversity

Climate Extremes · Chronic Climate Risk · Compound Climate Risk · Climate Scenario Ensemble · Climate Attribution Science · Land Cover Change · Deforestation …

37 methods

Hazard science

Hazard Intensity Footprint Screening · Earthquake Hazard · Earthquake Ground Motion · Earthquake Rupture · Liquefaction · Landslide · Tsunami …

08Users

Who uses it

Universities and research

Replicate every value. Study methods. Contribute data and review.

Governments and national risk agencies

Prioritise prevention and preparedness. Plan with subnational layers. Track Sendai targets. Co-develop a national index.

UN system and humanitarian organisations

Compare needs across contexts with intervals. Watch weekly signals for review. Read outlooks for anticipatory planning.

Banks, asset managers and sovereign investors

Read sovereign and systemic context. Run climate pathway packs. Build portfolio postures.

09அறிக்கைகள்

Nexus Reports

Edition code
SR-09
Edition status
planned
Subject
Named by Nexus Reports

Nexus Reports

10Cite

Cite and reuse

GCRI Canada (2026). The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX (canonical data, provenance and risk)): Planetary boundaries series (GRX-SER-SR-09), Baseline Edition 2026. Preparatory working draft. https://risksindex.com/series/sr-09/ UNI NXS-GRX-AR-000082.
Series key
grix:SER.SR-09:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A
Domain keys
nis:IDX.CLI.physical_chronic.climate_physical_risk:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A nis:IDX.CLI.transition.transition_risk:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A nis:IDX.ENV.biodiversity.environmental_pressure:{ISO3}:{YEAR}:A

Every country reads this series

Each country profile carries the domain indices this series is built from.

Country profiles All series

நிலை

The methodology, structure and definitions of The Global Risks Index are a preparatory working draft (2026), circulated for review and comment and not for implementation. No value appears until an edition is released from a governed evidence cut; values then carry intervals, classes, sources and their correction pathway. Simulators run the published methods on numbers you choose and never show a NXS-GRX value.

What NXS-GRX is not

NXS-GRX is research and risk-analytics information. It is not a credit or ESG rating and uses no rating scale, not a benchmark for financial instruments, not official statistics, not an emergency warning or official classification, and not advice. It must not be used to evaluate natural persons. Risk classes are bands on a published scale, never rankings of countries or people.

Institutions and sources

The Nexus Consortium is stewarded by three independent not-for-profit institutions: The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), through GCRI US in Washington, DC and GCRI Canada in Ontario, with GCRI Canada as Lead Institution, Consortium Secretariat and lead contracting organisation; The Global Risks Forum (GRF); and The Global Risks Alliance (GRA). Technology, infrastructure and service providers work with the Consortium at arm’s length under written agreements, like every other external party in the public-private-planet model, and hold no role in its stewardship.

Every value carries the attribution of its sources, which keep their own licences. External names are cited for interoperability only. Nexus-authored text is intended for CC BY 4.0 on release.

Avis en français

La méthodologie et les définitions du NXS-GRX sont un projet de travail préparatoire (2026). Le NXS-GRX est une information de recherche et d’analyse des risques : ni notation, ni indice de référence financier, ni statistique officielle, ni alerte, ni conseil. Les classes de risque sont des bandes sur une échelle publiée, non des classements.