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NXS-GRX-GHA · Western Africa

Gana

Country risk profile on The Global Risks Index: hazard and threat exposure, vulnerability, macro-financial fragility, coping capacity and systemic coupling, with intervals, sources and corrections on every value.

Página GRX-GHAEdição Edição de referência 2026Fecho das evidências 2026-09-30ISO GHA / GHSituação UN member stateValores ainda não publicadoMétodo v1.0.0-draft
FIGURA 1 · Ghana in Western Africa
Carregando o mapa
República Unida da TanzâniaEstados Unidos da AméricaCazaquistãoUzbequistãoRepública Democrática do CongoSomáliaQuêniaSudãoChadeRepública DominicanaFederação da RússiaBrasilPeruColômbiaVenezuela (República Bolivariana da)GuianaSurinameFrançaSenegalMaliMauritâniaBenimNígerNigériaCamarõesTogoGanaCôte d’IvoireGuinéGuiné-BissauLibériaSerra LeoaBurkina FasoRepública Centro-AfricanaCongoGabãoGuiné EquatorialAngolaBurundiIsraelLíbanoEstado da PalestinaGâmbiaTunísiaArgéliaJordâniaEmirados Árabes UnidosCatarKuwaitIraqueOmãPaquistãoAfeganistãoTurcomenistãoIrã (República Islâmica do)República Árabe SíriaArmêniaGréciaTurquiaAlbâniaPortugalEspanhaItáliaAzerbaijãoGeórgiaEritreiaIêmenArábia SauditaChipreMarrocosEgitoLíbiaEtiópiaDjibutiUgandaRuandaMacedônia do NorteTrinidad e TobagoSudão do SulAntígua e BarbudaBahreinBarbadosCabo VerdeDominicaGranadaSão Cristóvão e NévisSanta LúciaMaltaSão Tomé e PríncipeSeichelesSão Vicente e Granadinas
Equal Earth · Natural Earth 1:110m · locatorValores quando publicados
Select a neighbouring profile to open it. Boundaries are shown at 1:110m for location only and take no position on any boundary or status.
20
índices de domínio
443
country indicators
14
hazard domains
15
sub-regional peers
02Humanitarian data

Ghana in humanitarian data

Source observations from the Humanitarian Data Exchange, each with its reference date, provider and licence. They are not index values.

Population · 2021-12-31

30,832,019

people. UNFPA · Creative Commons Attribution for Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY-IGO).

Poverty headcount · 2022-12-31

21.3%

of people in multidimensional poverty. Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative · Public Domain / No restrictions (CC0).

Refugees hosted · 2025-12-31

21,525

refugees and asylum-seekers in the country. UNHCR – The UN Refugee Agency · Creative Commons Attribution for Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY-IGO).

Refugees from the country · 2025-12-31

38,986

refugees and asylum-seekers abroad, most in Canada, Togo, United States of America. UNHCR – The UN Refugee Agency · Creative Commons Attribution for Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY-IGO).

Humanitarian funding · 2010-12-31

US$ 0 m

received against US$ 2 m required. OCHA Financial Tracking System (FTS) · Creative Commons Attribution for Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY-IGO).

Rainfall

10 units

with rainfall against the long-term average, on the unit pages. WFP – World Food Programme · Creative Commons Attribution International (CC BY).

Food prices · 2023-08-14

20 markets

Millet: 4.52 GHS per 93 KG. WFP – World Food Programme · Creative Commons Attribution for Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY-IGO).

03Áreas

The full profile of Ghana, area by area

Fourteen areas from macroeconomy to frontier technology, and the planned innovation index. Each card says whether its sources are cleared, shows the mix, and gives two actions: what the area needs, and a scenario you can run now on open data.

Como lerAdmitted: usableUnder legal review: waitingProhibited: excludedNot in the register: not yet assessedAcross the 14 areas: 113 admitted · 63 under legal review · 23 prohibited · 170 not in the register
Partly admitted14 indicators · 2 composites

Macroeconomy and external position

Output, prices, external balance and reserves, monetary conditions and labour, with intervals and the change since the last edition.

GDP
US$ 114.2 billion 2025
GDP per person
US$ 3,257 2025
GDP growth
6% 2025
4 admitted · 4 under legal review · 1 not in the register
Partly admitted37 indicators · 7 composites

Fiscal position and public debt

Debt path fan charts, gross financing needs, debt service and fiscal stress, with the assumptions published.

Government revenue
15% 2023
Government expense
22.7% 2022
External debt
46.9% 2024
7 admitted · 13 under legal review · 8 not in the register
Partly admitted32 indicators · 7 composites

Financial system

Banking-system capital and liquidity, credit growth, asset prices and contagion on the dependency network.

Non-performing loans
18.9% 2025
Bank capital to assets
6.6% 2025
9 admitted · 4 under legal review · 1 prohibited · 8 not in the register
Partly admitted18 indicators · 5 composites

Trade, economic structure and supply chains

Trade openness and concentration, commodity dependence and supply-chain exposure by sector.

Comércio
69% 2024
Exportações
35.1% 2024
Fuel exports
8.8% 2025
8 admitted · 6 under legal review · 5 not in the register
Partly admitted13 indicators · 5 composites

A água

Water stress, drought, access and quality, coupled to food, energy and health in the water, energy, food, health and biodiversity nexus.

Safely managed drinking water
42.9% 2024
Estresse hídrico
6.3% 2022
Renewable internal freshwater per person
914 m³ 2022
3 admitted · 2 under legal review · 2 prohibited · 4 not in the register
Partly admitted23 indicators · 6 composites

Energia

Supply security, import dependence, grid reliability, transition exposure and access.

Access to electricity
91.9% 2024
Renewable energy
39% 2021
Energy imports, net
-5.1% 2024
7 admitted · 5 under legal review · 1 prohibited · 18 not in the register
Partly admitted23 indicators · 6 composites

Food systems

Availability, access, prices and nutrition, and the drivers from water, energy, trade and conflict.

Undernourishment
6.4% 2024
Cereal yield
2,632 2024
Stunting, under 5
17.4% 2022
14 admitted · 4 under legal review · 2 not in the register
Partly admitted31 indicators · 6 composites

Segurança sanitária

Health-system capacity, outbreak preparedness, disease burden and the health effects of other systems.

Life expectancy
65.7 years 2024
Under-5 mortality
35.9 2024
Health spending
3% 2023
4 admitted · 2 under legal review · 15 prohibited · 8 not in the register
Partly admitted22 indicators · 6 composites

Environment and biodiversity

Ecosystem condition, biodiversity pressure, land and ocean change and nature dependence of the economy.

Forest area
30.9% 2024
Protected areas
7.9% 2025
PM2.5 air pollution
28.1 µg/m³ 2023
9 admitted · 5 under legal review · 1 prohibited · 22 not in the register
Partly admitted31 indicators · 8 composites

Climate: physical and transition

Chronic and acute physical risk under scenarios, and transition exposure of the economy and the public balance sheet.

CO₂ emissions per person
0.7 t CO₂e 2024
Greenhouse gas emissions
48.1 Mt CO₂e 2024
People below 5 m elevation
2.1% 2015
10 admitted · 7 under legal review · 24 not in the register
Partly admitted39 indicators · 10 composites

Conflict, governance and security

Violence and its spillovers, institutional quality, rule of law and state capacity.

Intentional homicides
1.8 2022
9 admitted · 4 under legal review · 1 prohibited · 14 not in the register
Partly admitted27 indicators · 10 composites

Frontier technology and innovation

Frontier technology risk and capacity side by side: AI, compute, semiconductors, quantum, space, biotech, cyber resilience and digital infrastructure, with the innovation index below.

Research and development spending
0.38% 2010
Researchers in R&D
87 2015
High-technology exports
1.6% 2023
9 admitted · 5 under legal review · 1 prohibited · 26 not in the register
Partly admitted18 indicators · 5 composites

Coping capacity and disaster finance

Preparedness, response and recovery capacity, risk financing and social protection.

Social protection coverage
1.3% 2016
9 admitted · 1 under legal review · 1 prohibited · 18 not in the register
Partly admitted46 indicators · 11 composites

Society, demography and mobility

Human development, inequality, ageing, urbanisation and displacement.

População
35.1 million 2025
Urban population
58.9% 2025
Poverty at $3.00 a day
39% 2016
11 admitted · 1 under legal review · 12 not in the register
Previstos12 planned indicators

Innovation index

Research, patents, talent, compute, digital infrastructure and capital for Ghana, read beside frontier technology risk. Not in Indicator Standard yet; each indicator needs its source admitted.

04Quote

Ghana composite risk

Value, change since the previous edition, 90% interval and class probability; the history and the published indicators follow.

NXS-GRX-GHA · CRI · Western Africa · 0–10 scale
Ghana composite risk
–
Values publish with the edition; the interval, class and change appear here.
Previous edition
–
Range since 2016
–
Coupled composite
–
Coupling score S
–
Pulse, latest week
–
Outlook, 12 months
–
Método
Indicator Standard 1.0 · NXS-GRX 2026
Draws
1,000
Ghana composite risk, by edition

No released values yet. The first edition draws the history here with its interval band and class bounds.

The line is the point value by edition; the band is the 90% interval; dashed lines are the class bounds at 2, 3.5, 5 and 6.5.

“Ghana: published indicators” is not connected: the Foundry connection it needs is switched off on this network.

05Profile

Four pillars, composite and coupled composite

The composite is shown only with its four pillars and twenty domain indices beside it; each value carries a 90% interval and a class with its probability.

InstrumentoValorVariaçãoVariação %Intervalo de 90%Classe · probabilidadeTendênciaFaixa
NXS-GRX Risco compostoNXS-GRX-GHA · CRI–––––
NXS-GRX Risco acopladoNXS-GRX-GHA · CPL–––––
Exposição a ameaças e perigosNXS-GRX-GHA · HTE–––––
Vulnerabilidade humana e dos sistemasNXS-GRX-GHA · VUL–––––
Fragilidade macrofinanceira e estruturalNXS-GRX-GHA · MSF–––––
Falta de capacidade de enfrentamento e de adaptaçãoNXS-GRX-GHA · LCC–––––
Muito baixo0.0 a < 2.0
Baixo2.0 a < 3.5
Médio3.5 a < 5.0
Alto5.0 a < 6.5
Muito alto6.5 a 10.0
07Acoplamento

How Ghana is coupled to the world

Not yet estimated. Coupling strengths through trade and inputs, finance and debt, energy, food trade, infrastructure and information are ◆ ESTIMATED per edition with their method and references; the coupled composite is reported beside the standalone one.
09Peers

Profiles in Western Africa

A peer group is a reading context, not a ranking; profiles are listed by name.

Explore Ghana

Indices, hazards, the map and the data behind every value.

Page GRX-GHA · UNI NXS-GRX-AR-GHA-000001